nginx長連接與短連接性能對比分析

更新時間：2025年12月22日 09:55:37 作者：秋分漁火

文章對比了Nginx的長連接和短連接性能,通過JMeter進行壓測,結(jié)果顯示長連接模式下響應(yīng)時間減少,TPS提升,但錯誤率上升,主要因Windows系統(tǒng)TCP端口資源釋放延遲,長連接適用于頻繁請求場景

?nginx長連接與短連接性能對比

本次準備看下目前集群的性能。

對應(yīng)機器如下：虛機4，前一后三，4臺配置均為4核4g
物理機為20核32g臺式機。

?先進行原始nginx配置的壓測

nginx配置如下：

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
	#配置nginx  json格式日志
    log_format  main  '{"@timestamp": "$time_local", '
                        '"remote_addr": "$remote_addr", '
                        '"referer": "$http_referer", '
                        '"request": "$request", '
                        '"status": $status, '
                        '"bytes": $body_bytes_sent, '
                        '"agent": "$http_user_agent", '
                        '"x_forwarded": "$http_x_forwarded_for", '
                        '"up_addr": "$upstream_addr",'
                        '"up_host": "$upstream_http_host",'
                        '"up_resp_time": "$upstream_response_time",'
                        '"request_time": "$request_time"'
                        ' }';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
    upstream test.miaohr.com {
	server 192.168.175.128:8070;
	server 192.168.175.129:8070;
	server 192.168.175.130:8070;
    }
    

    server {   
        listen       80;   
        server_name  test.miaohr.com;   
        charset utf-8;   
        location / {   
            root   html;   
            index  index.html index.htm;   
            proxy_pass        http://test.miaohr.com;   
            proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;   
            client_max_body_size  100m;
        }   
  
  
   
    }   
}

使用jmeter5.0進行壓測，壓測命令如下

jmeter -n -t  D:/testYc.jmx  -l D:/result.txt -e -o D:/webreport

其中：

D:/testYc.jmx ------> 測試計劃文件的路徑
D:/result.txt ------> 將要生成的測試結(jié)果文件的存放路徑
D:/webreport -------> 將要生成的web報告的保存路徑

使用物理機cmd命令進行壓測

線程為200，持續(xù)100s，報告如下：

此時rt為180ms+,tps在980左右

修改nginx配置為長連接

長連接配置如下：

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
	#配置nginx  json格式日志
    log_format  main  '{"@timestamp": "$time_local", '
                        '"remote_addr": "$remote_addr", '
                        '"referer": "$http_referer", '
                        '"request": "$request", '
                        '"status": $status, '
                        '"bytes": $body_bytes_sent, '
                        '"agent": "$http_user_agent", '
                        '"x_forwarded": "$http_x_forwarded_for", '
                        '"up_addr": "$upstream_addr",'
                        '"up_host": "$upstream_http_host",'
                        '"up_resp_time": "$upstream_response_time",'
                        '"request_time": "$request_time"'
                        ' }';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
    upstream test.miaohr.com {
	server 192.168.175.128:8070;
	server 192.168.175.129:8070;
	server 192.168.175.130:8070;
	keepalive 500;#最大空閑連接數(shù)
    }
    

    server {   
        listen       80;   
        server_name  test.miaohr.com;   
        charset utf-8;   
        location / {   
            root   html;   
            index  index.html index.htm;   
            proxy_pass        http://test.miaohr.com;   
            proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;   
            client_max_body_size  100m;
        }   
  
  
   
    } 

location / {
                proxy_pass http://test-api;
                proxy_set_header Host $host;
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                proxy_http_version 1.1;              # 設(shè)置http版本為1.1
                proxy_set_header Connection "";      # 設(shè)置Connection為長連接（默認為no）
      }


}

進行第二次壓測，報告如下：

本次壓測，rt降低到76ms，tps上升到2400+。對比短連接，集群的性能得到了很大的提升。但錯誤率指標有所上升。根據(jù)jmeter執(zhí)行日志查看，報錯集中為以下內(nèi)容

1650551535574,485,HTTP請求,Non HTTP response code: java.net.BindException,Non HTTP response message: Address already in use: connect,線程組 1-135,text,false,,2437,0,200,200,http://192.168.175.131/getSxbm,0,0,485

根據(jù)查閱后發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是由于壓測機為windows系統(tǒng)，tcp端口資源來不及釋放導致。與集群性能無關(guān)