# 原始Dockerfile - 存在多個(gè)問(wèn)題
FROM node:16
WORKDIR /app
COPY . .
RUN npm install
RUN npm run build
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["npm", "start"]

# 分析鏡像層級(jí)和大小
docker history my-app:original --format "table {{.CreatedBy}}\t{{.Size}}"

# 優(yōu)化后的基礎(chǔ)鏡像選擇
FROM node:16-alpine AS base

# 安裝必要的系統(tǒng)依賴
RUN apk add --no-cache \
    python3 \
    make \
    g++ \
    && rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*

# 多階段構(gòu)建Dockerfile
FROM node:16-alpine AS builder

# 設(shè)置工作目錄
WORKDIR /app

# 復(fù)制package文件
COPY package*.json ./

# 安裝所有依賴（包括開(kāi)發(fā)依賴）
RUN npm ci --only=production --silent

# 復(fù)制源代碼
COPY src/ ./src/
COPY public/ ./public/
COPY *.config.js ./

# 構(gòu)建應(yīng)用
RUN npm run build

# 生產(chǎn)階段
FROM node:16-alpine AS production

# 創(chuàng)建非root用戶
RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S nodejs && \
    adduser -S nextjs -u 1001

WORKDIR /app

# 從構(gòu)建階段復(fù)制必要文件
COPY --from=builder /app/dist ./dist
COPY --from=builder /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY --from=builder /app/package*.json ./

# 設(shè)置用戶權(quán)限
USER nextjs

EXPOSE 3000

CMD ["node", "dist/index.js"]

# 分析依賴大小
npm ls --depth=0 --prod --parseable | xargs du -sh

# 使用npm-check-unused檢查未使用依賴
npx npm-check-unused

// package.json優(yōu)化策略
{
  "dependencies": {
    // 僅保留運(yùn)行時(shí)必需依賴
    "express": "^4.18.0",
    "compression": "^1.7.4"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    // 開(kāi)發(fā)依賴不會(huì)進(jìn)入生產(chǎn)鏡像
    "webpack": "^5.70.0",
    "babel-loader": "^8.2.0",
    "@types/node": "^17.0.0"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "build": "webpack --mode=production",
    "start": "node dist/index.js"
  }
}

# 優(yōu)化的依賴安裝策略
FROM node:16-alpine AS deps

WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./

# 使用npm ci進(jìn)行確定性安裝
RUN npm ci --only=production --silent --no-audit --no-fund

# 清理npm緩存
RUN npm cache clean --force && \
    rm -rf /tmp/* /var/tmp/* /root/.npm

# .dockerignore - 排除不必要文件
node_modules
npm-debug.log*
.git
.gitignore
README.md
.env
.nyc_output
coverage
.coverage
.cache
.parcel-cache
dist
.DS_Store
*.log
.vscode
.idea

# 合并RUN指令減少層級(jí)
RUN apk add --no-cache python3 make g++ && \
    npm ci --only=production --silent && \
    npm cache clean --force && \
    apk del python3 make g++ && \
    rm -rf /var/cache/apk/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/*

# 利用Docker構(gòu)建緩存
FROM node:16-alpine AS base

# 先復(fù)制package文件，利用緩存
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci --only=production

# 后復(fù)制源代碼，避免依賴重新安裝
COPY . .
RUN npm run build

# 構(gòu)建時(shí)壓縮優(yōu)化
docker build --compress --squash -t my-app:optimized .

# 使用dive工具分析鏡像
dive my-app:optimized

# 測(cè)試鏡像拉取時(shí)間
time docker pull my-app:original  # 原始鏡像
time docker pull my-app:optimized # 優(yōu)化后鏡像

# 測(cè)試容器啟動(dòng)時(shí)間
time docker run --rm my-app:optimized

# CI/CD中的鏡像大小檢查
name: Image Size Check
on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  size-check:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
      - name: Build and check size
        run: |
          docker build -t test-image .
          SIZE=$(docker images test-image --format "{{.Size}}")
          echo "Image size: $SIZE"
          # 設(shè)置大小閾值告警
          if [[ $(docker images test-image --format "{{.Size}}" | grep -o '[0-9]*') -gt 250 ]]; then
            echo "Warning: Image size exceeds 250MB"
            exit 1
          fi

# 問(wèn)題1：Alpine鏡像缺少glibc
# 解決方案：安裝glibc兼容層
RUN apk add --no-cache libc6-compat

# 問(wèn)題2：Node.js原生模塊編譯失敗
# 解決方案：安裝構(gòu)建工具
RUN apk add --no-cache --virtual .build-deps \
    python3 make g++ && \
    npm install && \
    apk del .build-deps

# 問(wèn)題3：時(shí)區(qū)問(wèn)題
# 解決方案：設(shè)置時(shí)區(qū)
RUN apk add --no-cache tzdata && \
    cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime && \
    echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/timezone && \
    apk del tzdata

# 生產(chǎn)環(huán)境優(yōu)化配置
FROM node:16-alpine

# 設(shè)置Node.js生產(chǎn)環(huán)境變量
ENV NODE_ENV=production
ENV NODE_OPTIONS="--max-old-space-size=512"

# 優(yōu)化npm配置
RUN npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com && \
    npm config set cache /tmp/.npm && \
    npm config set prefer-offline true

WORKDIR /app

# 健康檢查
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
    CMD node healthcheck.js

EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["node", "dist/index.js"]