#include<iostream>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<pthread.h>

using namespace std;
void* threadrun(void* args)
{
    while(1)
    {
        cout<<"new thread:"<<getpid()<<endl;
        sleep(1);
    }
    return nullptr;
}

int main()
{
    pthread_t tid;
    pthread_create(&tid,nullptr,threadrun,nullptr);

    while(1)
    {
        cout<<"main thread"<<getpid()<<endl;
        sleep(1);
    }
    return 0;
}

#include<iostream>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<pthread.h>

using namespace std;


int g_val = 100;
void show(const string& name)
{
    cout<<name<<"say:"<<"hello thread"<<endl;
}

void *threadrun(void *args)
{
    const char *name = (const char*)args;
    int cnt = 5;
    while (true)
    {
        printf("%s,  pid: %d, g_val: %d, &g_val: 0x%p\n", name,getpid(), g_val, &g_val);
        sleep(1);

        // int a = 10;
        // a /= 0;
        cnt--;
        if(cnt == 0) break;
    }
    return nullptr;
}

int main()
{
    pthread_t tid;
    pthread_create(&tid,nullptr,threadrun,nullptr);

    // while(1)
    // {
    //     cout<<"main thread"<<getpid()<<endl;
    //     sleep(1);
    // }
    sleep(5);
    pthread_join(tid,nullptr);
    cout<<"main thread quit"<<endl;
    return 0;
}

#include<iostream>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<pthread.h>

using namespace std;


int g_val = 100;
void show(const string& name)
{
    cout<<name<<"say:"<<"hello thread"<<endl;
}

void *threadrun(void *args)
{
    const char *name = (const char*)args;
    int cnt = 5;
    while (true)
    {
        printf("%s,  pid: %d, g_val: %d, &g_val: 0x%p\n", name,getpid(), g_val, &g_val);
        sleep(1);

        // int a = 10;
        // a /= 0;
        cnt--;
        if(cnt == 0) break;
    }
    return (void*)1;
}

int main()
{
    pthread_t tid;
    pthread_create(&tid,nullptr,threadrun,nullptr);

    // while(1)
    // {
    //     cout<<"main thread"<<getpid()<<endl;
    //     sleep(1);
    // }
    //sleep(5);
    void *retval;
    pthread_join(tid,&retval);
    //cout<<"main thread quit"<<endl;
    cout << "main thread quit ..., ret: " << (long long int)retval << endl;
    return 0;
}

void *threadrun(void *args)
{
    const char *name = (const char*)args;
    int cnt = 5;
    while (true)
    {
        printf("%s,  pid: %d, g_val: %d, &g_val: 0x%p\n", name,getpid(), g_val, &g_val);
        sleep(1);

        // int a = 10;
        // a /= 0;
        cnt--;
        if(cnt == 0) break;
    }
    pthread_exit((void*)100);
}

#include<iostream>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<pthread.h>

using namespace std;


int g_val = 100;
void show(const string& name)
{
    cout<<name<<"say:"<<"hello thread"<<endl;
}

void *threadrun(void *args)
{
    const char *name = (const char*)args;
    int cnt = 5;
    while (true)
    {
        printf("%s,  pid: %d, g_val: %d, &g_val: 0x%p\n", name,getpid(), g_val, &g_val);
        sleep(1);

        // int a = 10;
        // a /= 0;
        cnt--;
        if(cnt == 0) break;
    }
    //pthread_exit((void*)100);
}

int main()
{
    pthread_t tid;
    pthread_create(&tid,nullptr,threadrun,nullptr);
    sleep(1);
    pthread_cancel(tid);
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class ThreadCalculator {
public:
    // 請(qǐng)求結(jié)構(gòu)體
    struct Request {
        int start;
        int end;
        string threadname;
        
        Request(int s, int e, const string &name) 
            : start(s), end(e), threadname(name) {}
    };

    // 響應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)體
    struct Response {
        int result;
        int exitcode;
        
        Response(int r = 0, int e = 0) : result(r), exitcode(e) {}
    };

    // 靜態(tài)線程函數(shù)
    static void* threadFunc(void* arg) {
        Request* req = static_cast<Request*>(arg);
        Response* resp = new Response();
        
        for(int i = req->start; i <= req->end; ++i) {
            cout << req->threadname << " is running, calculating... " << i << endl;
            resp->result += i;
            usleep(100000); // 100ms延遲
        }
        
        delete req;
        return resp;
    }

    // 啟動(dòng)計(jì)算
    Response calculate(int start, int end, const string& name) {
        pthread_t tid;
        Request* req = new Request(start, end, name);
        
        pthread_create(&tid, nullptr, &ThreadCalculator::threadFunc, req);
        
        void* ret;
        pthread_join(tid, &ret);
        Response* resp = static_cast<Response*>(ret);
        Response result = *resp;
        
        delete resp;
        return result;
    }
};

int main() {
    ThreadCalculator calculator;
    
    auto result = calculator.calculate(1, 100, "Worker Thread");
    
    cout << "Calculation result: " << result.result 
         << ", Exit code: " << result.exitcode << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

// 目前，我們的原生線程，pthread庫(kù)，原生線程庫(kù)
// // C++11 語(yǔ)言本身也已經(jīng)支持多線程了 vs 原生線程庫(kù)
void threadrun()
{
    while(true)
    {
        cout << "I am a new thead for C++" << endl;
        sleep(1);
    }
}

int main()
{
    thread t1(threadrun);

    t1.join();

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <unistd.h>

using namespace std;

std::string toHex(pthread_t tid)
{
    char hex[64];
    snprintf(hex, sizeof(hex), "%p", tid);
    return hex;
}

void *threadRoutine(void *args)
{
    while(true)
    {
        cout << "thread id: " << toHex(pthread_self()) << endl;
        sleep(1);
    }
}

int main()
{
    pthread_t tid;
    pthread_create(&tid, nullptr, threadRoutine, (void*)"thread 1");

    cout << "main thread create thead done, new thread id : " << toHex(tid) << endl;
    pthread_join(tid, nullptr);

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

// 使用__thread修飾的線程局部變量
__thread int g_val = 100;

void* threadRoutine(void* args) {
    int thread_num = *(int*)args;
    
    // 每個(gè)線程有自己的g_val副本
    g_val += thread_num;
    
    cout << "Thread " << thread_num << ": g_val = " << g_val 
         << ", address: " << &g_val << endl;
    
    return nullptr;
}

int main() {
    vector<pthread_t> tids;
    const int NUM = 3;
    
    for (int i = 0; i < NUM; i++) {
        pthread_t tid;
        int* arg = new int(i);
        pthread_create(&tid, nullptr, threadRoutine, arg);
        tids.push_back(tid);
    }
    
    for (auto tid : tids) {
        pthread_join(tid, nullptr);
    }
    
    cout << "Main thread g_val: " << g_val << endl;
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

// 全局變量，所有線程共享
int g_val = 100;

void* threadRoutine(void* args) {
    int thread_num = *(int*)args;
    
    // 每個(gè)線程都會(huì)修改同一個(gè)全局變量
    g_val += thread_num;
    
    cout << "Thread " << thread_num << ": g_val = " << g_val 
         << ", address: " << &g_val << endl;
    sleep(1);
    return nullptr;
}

int main() {
    vector<pthread_t> tids;
    const int NUM = 3;
    
    for (int i = 0; i < NUM; i++) {
        pthread_t tid;
        int* arg = new int(i);
        pthread_create(&tid, nullptr, threadRoutine, arg);
        tids.push_back(tid);
        sleep(1);
    }
    
    for (auto tid : tids) {
        pthread_join(tid, nullptr);
    }
    
    cout << "Final g_val: " << g_val << endl;
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

// 全局變量，用于存儲(chǔ)線程棧變量的地址
vector<void*> g_stack_addresses;

void* threadRoutine(void* args) {
    int thread_num = *(int*)args;
    
    // 局部變量（棧變量）
    int stack_var = thread_num * 100;
    
    cout << "Thread " << thread_num << ": stack_var address = " 
         << &stack_var << ", value = " << stack_var << endl;
    
    // 保存棧變量地址到全局vector（僅用于演示，實(shí)際開(kāi)發(fā)中要小心）
    g_stack_addresses.push_back(&stack_var);
    
    // 模擬線程工作
    sleep(1);
    
    // 注意：這里stack_var的地址在函數(shù)返回后將無(wú)效
    // 只是演示每個(gè)線程有自己的棧空間
    
    return nullptr;
}

int main() {
    const int NUM = 3;
    vector<pthread_t> tids;
    
    // 主線程的棧變量
    int main_stack_var = 999;
    cout << "Main thread: stack_var address = " 
         << &main_stack_var << endl;
    
    // 創(chuàng)建子線程
    for (int i = 0; i < NUM; i++) {
        pthread_t tid;
        int* arg = new int(i); // 動(dòng)態(tài)分配，避免棧地址共享問(wèn)題
        pthread_create(&tid, nullptr, threadRoutine, arg);
        tids.push_back(tid);
    }
    
    // 等待所有線程結(jié)束
    for (auto tid : tids) {
        pthread_join(tid, nullptr);
    }
    
    // 打印所有線程的棧變量地址
    cout << "\nAll stack variable addresses:" << endl;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < g_stack_addresses.size(); i++) {
        cout << "Thread " << i << " stack_var @ " << g_stack_addresses[i] << endl;
    }
    
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

// 全局指針，用于演示棧共享的危險(xiǎn)性
int* shared_ptr = nullptr;

void* threadRoutine(void* args) {
    int thread_num = *(int*)args;
    int stack_var = thread_num * 10; // 棧變量
    
    if (thread_num == 1) {
        shared_ptr = &stack_var; // 線程1將自己的棧變量地址暴露出去
    }
    
    sleep(1); // 確保線程1先運(yùn)行
    
    if (thread_num == 2) {
        // 線程2嘗試訪問(wèn)線程1的棧變量（危險(xiǎn)?。?
        if (shared_ptr) {
            cout << "Thread 2 accessing Thread 1's stack: " << *shared_ptr << endl;
        }
    }
    
    return nullptr;
}

int main() {
    pthread_t t1, t2;
    int num1 = 1, num2 = 2;
    
    pthread_create(&t1, nullptr, threadRoutine, &num1);
    pthread_create(&t2, nullptr, threadRoutine, &num2);
    
    pthread_join(t1, nullptr);
    pthread_join(t2, nullptr);
    
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <vector>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>

using namespace std;

#define NUM 3

// int *p = NULL;

// __thread int g_val = 100;
__thread unsigned int number = 0;
__thread int pid = 0;

struct threadData
{
    string threadname;
};

// __thread threadData td;

string toHex(pthread_t tid)
{
    char buffer[128];
    snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "0x%lx", tid);
    return buffer;
}

void InitThreadData(threadData *td, int number)
{
    td->threadname = "thread-" + to_string(number); // thread-0
}

// 所有的線程，執(zhí)行的都是這個(gè)函數(shù)？
void *threadRoutine(void *args)
{
    pthread_detach(pthread_self());

    // int test_i = 0;
    threadData *td = static_cast<threadData *>(args);
    // if(td->threadname == "thread-2") p = &test_i;
    string tid = toHex(pthread_self());
    int pid = getpid();

    int i = 0;
    while (i < 10)
    {
        cout << "tid: " << tid << ", pid: " << pid << endl;

        // cout << "pid: " << getpid() << ", tid : "
        //     << toHex(number) << ", threadname: " << td->threadname
        //         << ", g_val: " << g_val << " ,&g_val: " << &g_val <<endl;
        sleep(1);
        i++;
    }

    delete td;
    return nullptr;
}

int main()
{
    // 創(chuàng)建多線程！
    vector<pthread_t> tids;
    for (int i = 0; i < NUM; i++)
    {
        pthread_t tid;
        threadData *td = new threadData;
        InitThreadData(td, i);

        pthread_create(&tid, nullptr, threadRoutine, td);
        tids.push_back(tid);
        //sleep(1);
    }
    sleep(1); // 確保復(fù)制成功

    // for(auto i : tids)
    // {
    //     pthread_detach(i);
    // }
    // cout << "main thread get a thread local value, val: " << *p << ", &val: " << p << endl;

    for (int i = 0; i < tids.size(); i++)
    {
        int n = pthread_join(tids[i], nullptr);
        printf("n = %d, who = 0x%lx, why: %s\n", n, tids[i], strerror(n));
    }

    return 0;
}