systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0
systemctl restart nginx
cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
把照片拖進(jìn)去

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
location = /1.jpg {
   root    /data/nginx/static1;
   index   index.html;
}
location /1.jpg {
   root   /data/nginx/static2;
   index  index.html;
}
location ~*\.(jpglgif)$ {
    root   /data/nginx/static3;
    index  index.html;
}
wq!

nginx -t
systemctl restart nginx

mkdir -p /data/nginx/static1
cd /data/nginx   #查看只有一個static1
mkdir static2 static3   #查看此時有static1 static2 static3
cd /usr/local/nginx/static1/
把1.jpg拖進(jìn)去
cd /usr/local/nginx/static2/
把2.jpg拖進(jìn)去
cd /usr/local/nginx/static3/
把3.jpg拖進(jìn)去
[root@localhost static3]# mv 3.jpg 1.jpg
[root@localhost static3]# ls
1.jpg

頁面訪問
192.168.100.11/1.jpg   # 此時訪問的是1.jpg的圖片

頁面訪問
把精確匹配注釋掉
nginx -t 
systemctl restart nginx
192.168.100.11/1.jpg   # 此時訪問的是3.jpg的圖片

location = / {
   root html;
   index index.html index.htm  index.php;
}
# = / 表示家目錄的開頭，訪問= /相當(dāng)于訪問網(wǎng)站首頁

location ^~ /static/ {
    root /web/static/;
    index index.html index.htm;
}

location ~* \.(jpg|gif|jpeg|png|css)$ {
    root /web/pictures/;
    index index.html index.htm;
}

location / {
  proxy_pass
}

vim nginx.conf
proxy_set_header X Real-IP $remote_addr 
# 加上這字段，客戶端的真實ip地址就會傳遞給后端服務(wù)器

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
在server模塊修改，修改如下

location / {
   root   html;
   default_type text/plain;
   return 200 "ip:$remote_addr";
}
wq!

systemctl restart nginx

頁面訪問 192.168.100.11  
#此時顯示的是本機地址 ip 192.168.100.1

# return 200 "ip:$remote_addr\ntest1:$host\nport:$remote_port\nxieyi:$scheme";

systemctl restart nginx
頁面訪問
# ip:192.168.100.1
# test1:192.168.100.11
# port:51360
# xieyi:http

rewrite 正則表達(dá)式 跳轉(zhuǎn)后的內(nèi)容 標(biāo)志位;

cd /usr/local/nginx/html
mkdir test1 
mkdir xy102
cd /usr/local/nginx/html/test1
echo 123 > index.html
cd /usr/local/nginx/html/xy102
echo 456 > index.html
# 查看一下test1和xy102目錄下的index.html是否創(chuàng)建

(1)
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
在server模塊修改，修改如下

location / {
   root   html;
   rewrite /test1/(.*) /xy102/$1 permanent;
#192.168.100.11/test1/index.html  192.168.100.11/xy102/index.html $1就是捕獲組
   index index.html;
}
wq!

nginx -t
systemctl restart nginx

頁面訪問
192.168.100.11/test1
# 訪問結(jié)果為456，網(wǎng)站ip跳轉(zhuǎn)為192.168.100.11/xy102

(2)
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
在server模塊修改，修改如下

location /test1 {
   root   html;
   rewrite /test1/(.*) /test2/$1 last;
   index index.html;
}
location /test2 {
   root   html;
   rewrite /test2/(.*) /test1/$1 last;
   index index.html;
}
wq!

nginx -t
systemctl restart nginx
cd /usr/local/nginx/html
mkdir test2
cd /usr/local/nginx/html/test2
echo 789 > index.html

頁面訪問
192.168.100.11/test1
# 訪問結(jié)果為500

此時再打開一臺192.168.100.11的shell終端
[root@localhost opt]# tail -f /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log
頁面繼續(xù)訪問 192.168.100.11/test1
xshell報錯中出現(xiàn)以下一句話：rewrite or internal redirection cycle while processing
解釋：
# 表示在重定向的過程中，使用了last方式進(jìn)行重定向，但是，沒有結(jié)束語，陷入了死循環(huán)，nginx會自動循環(huán)10次，last匹配最多只能執(zhí)行10次，超過10次沒有結(jié)束，就會停止，然后報錯500。 

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
在server模塊修改，修改如下

    # 修改 server_name如下
    server_name   www.xy102.com;
    
    # 取消charset koi8-r；的注釋，修改如下
    charset ulf-8;

location / {
   root   html;
   if ( $host = 'www.xy102.com' ) {
      rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.xiaodai.com/$1 permanent;
   }
   index index.html;
}
wq!

nginx -t
systemctl restart nginx

做域名映射
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.100.11 www.xy102.com www.xiaodai.com
wq!
# 訪問www.xy102.com/index.html就是訪問www.xiaodai.com/index.html

cd /usr/local/nginx/html
echo "this is new page" > index.html

頁面訪問（在虛擬機）
www.xy102.com
# 打印結(jié)果為 this is new page  網(wǎng)頁地址跳轉(zhuǎn)www.xiaodai.com

vim /usr/local/nginx/cong/ngin.conf
在server模塊的access_log下添加

set $rewrite true;
# 設(shè)置一個變量名，rewrite，值是ture
# 來進(jìn)行判斷ip是否是合法ip
if ( $remote_addr = "192.168.100.11" ) {
      set $rewrite false;
}
if ( $rewrite = true ) {
      rewrite (.+) /error.html;
      # 重定向,192.168.100.13/error.html
}
location = /error.html {
   root html;
   
}
wq！

cd /usr/local/nginx/html
echo "網(wǎng)頁維護(hù)中" > error.html

nginx -t
systemctl restart nginx

頁面訪問
192.168.100.11    #打印結(jié)果為 頁面維護(hù)中