報(bào)錯(cuò)解決:Anaconda虛擬環(huán)境下使用uwsgi運(yùn)行uwsgi.ini報(bào)錯(cuò)ImportError問題
更新時(shí)間：2026年02月10日 09:55:21 作者：長(zhǎng)野飄蕩
作者通過安裝和運(yùn)行uwsgi部署flask項(xiàng)目時(shí)遇到了各種問題,最后通過修改uwsgi配置文件、卸載并重新安裝uwsgi以及使用conda安裝uwsgi解決了問題
一個(gè)困擾了我好幾天的問題
首先，我安裝的是anaconda4.2.0，默認(rèn)是python3.5，但是出于需求，我使用anaconda創(chuàng)建了python3.7的虛擬環(huán)境，然后在該虛擬環(huán)境下使用uwsgi部署flask項(xiàng)目，寫好了配置uwsgi.ini文件后，敲下uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini命令，得到的結(jié)果卻不是我想要的，報(bào)錯(cuò)如下：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 2, in <module>
from flask import Flask
File "/Users/wangzhou/anaconda/envs/py37/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/__init__.py", line 14, in <module>
from jinja2 import escape
File "/Users/wangzhou/anaconda/envs/py37/lib/python3.7/site-packages/jinja2/__init__.py", line 33, in <module>
from jinja2.environment import Environment, Template
File "/Users/wangzhou/anaconda/envs/py37/lib/python3.7/site-packages/jinja2/environment.py", line 15, in <module>
from jinja2 import nodes
File "/Users/wangzhou/anaconda/envs/py37/lib/python3.7/site-packages/jinja2/nodes.py", line 19, in <module>
from jinja2.utils import Markup
File "/Users/wangzhou/anaconda/envs/py37/lib/python3.7/site-packages/jinja2/utils.py", line 16, in <module>
from jinja2._compat import text_type, string_types, implements_iterator, \
File "/Users/wangzhou/anaconda/envs/py37/lib/python3.7/site-packages/jinja2/_compat.py", line 31, in <module>
import pickle
File "/Users/wangzhou/anaconda/envs/py37/lib/python3.7/pickle.py", line 33, in <module>
from struct import pack, unpack
File "/Users/wangzhou/anaconda/envs/py37/lib/python3.7/struct.py", line 13, in <module>
from _struct import *
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/wangzhou/anaconda/envs/py37/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload/_struct.cpython-37m-darwin.so, 2): Symbol not found: _PyByteArray_Type
Referenced from: /Users/wangzhou/anaconda/envs/py37/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload/_struct.cpython-37m-darwin.so
Expected in: flat namespace
in /Users/wangzhou/anaconda/envs/py37/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload/_struct.cpython-37m-darwin.so
unable to load app 0 (mountpoint='') (callable not found or import error)
虛擬環(huán)境下直接運(yùn)行mamage.py是不會(huì)出現(xiàn)導(dǎo)包錯(cuò)誤ImportError的，我覺得十分匪夷所思，通過查詢資料，通常以下格式的錯(cuò)誤：
ImportError: dlopen(...... Referenced from ...... Expected in: flat namespace
嗯，基本上屬于版本不兼容相關(guān)的問題，然后我修改了uwsgi.ini配置文件里的home和pythonpath，改成我創(chuàng)建的那個(gè)虛擬環(huán)境py37的路徑，發(fā)現(xiàn)依舊還是無果，問題是不是在uwsgi這個(gè)點(diǎn)上？
我在python3.5，也就是默認(rèn)的anaconda的python下運(yùn)行uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini是正常的，那個(gè)uwsgi是我通過pip install uwsgi安裝的，我查看了下版本：
wangzhou@Mac:~$ python -V Python 3.5.2 :: Anaconda 4.2.0 (x86_64) wangzhou@Mac:~$ uwsgi --python-version 3.5.2
然后我又查看了下虛擬環(huán)境
(py37) wangzhou@Mac:~$ python -V Python 3.7.6 (py37) wangzhou@Mac:~$ uwsgi --python-version 3.7.3
恍然一拍大腿，原來如此??！
然后我就使用pip uninstall uwsgi卸載了虛擬環(huán)境下的uwsgi，使用pip重新裝uwsgi，清除了pip的緩存，最后也裝成功了
(py37) wangzhou@Mac:~$ python -V Python 3.7.6 (py37) wangzhou@Mac:~$ uwsgi --python-version 3.7.6
在我自以為就要搞定問題的時(shí)候，輸入uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini命令后的結(jié)果依舊是上面那個(gè)導(dǎo)包錯(cuò)誤ImportError，誒，當(dāng)時(shí)心都涼了半截
后來又是找資料，終于發(fā)現(xiàn)了端倪，原來這一切的坑都是anaconda產(chǎn)生的，當(dāng)在虛擬環(huán)境中采用pip來安裝模塊后，anaconda會(huì)影響環(huán)境變量和PATH，總會(huì)出現(xiàn)奇怪的bug，比如上面的導(dǎo)包錯(cuò)誤ImportError，明明直接python manage.py正常的，采用uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini來運(yùn)行卻會(huì)出岔子，讓人氣的不行
說了這么多，解決辦法很簡(jiǎn)單
就是在虛擬環(huán)境中采用conda install uwsgi來安裝模塊，把用pip安裝的uwsgi卸載掉，然后運(yùn)行這個(gè)命令即可，不過通往成功的路往往是曲折的，報(bào)了個(gè)錯(cuò)如下：
PackagesNotFoundError: The following packages are not available from current channels:
下面直接貼命令：
anaconda search -t conda uwsgi
Using Anaconda API: https://api.anaconda.org
Run 'anaconda show <USER/PACKAGE>' to get more details:
Packages:
Name | Version | Package Types | Platforms
------------------------- | ------ | --------------- | ---------------
IzODA/uwsgi | 2.0.17 | conda | zos-z
ODSP-TEST/uwsgi | 2.0.17 | conda | zos-z
auto/buildout.recipe.uwsgi | 0.0.22 | conda | linux-64, linux-32
: http://github.com/lcosmin/buildout.recipe.uwsgi
auto/django-uwsgi-mail | 1.1.1 | conda | linux-64, linux-32
: https://github.com/jaysonsantos/django-uwsgi-mail
auto/eqb.recipe.uwsgi | 0.0.2 | conda | linux-64, linux-32
: https://github.com/psychotechnik/eqb.recipe.uwsgi
auto/infrae.uwsgi | 1.0 | conda | linux-64
: https://svn.infrae.com/buildout/infrae.uwsgi/trunk/
bgreen-litl/uwsgi | 2.0.2 | conda | osx-64
: The uWSGI server
conda-forge/uwsgi | 2.0.18 | conda | linux-64, osx-64
anaconda show conda-forge/uwsgi
Using Anaconda API: https://api.anaconda.org
Name: uwsgi
Summary: The uWSGI project aims at developing a full stack for building hosting
services. Application servers (for various programming languages and
protocols), proxies, process managers and monitors are all implemented.
Access: public
Package Types: conda
Versions:
+ 2.0.12
+ 2.0.15
+ 2.0.16
+ 2.0.17
+ 2.0.17.1
+ 2.0.18
To install this package with conda run:
conda install --channel https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge uwsgi
conda install --channel https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge uwsgi
Solving environment: done
==> WARNING: A newer version of conda exists. <==
current version: 4.5.11
latest version: 4.8.0
Please update conda by running
$ conda update -n base conda
## Package Plan ##
environment location: /Users/wangzhou/anaconda/envs/py37
added / updated specs:
- uwsgi
The following packages will be downloaded:
package | build
---------------------------|-----------------
openssl-1.1.1d | h0b31af3_0 1.9 MB conda-forge
libxml2-2.9.10 | h53d96d6_0 1.2 MB conda-forge
certifi-2019.11.28 | py37_0 148 KB conda-forge
pcre-8.41 | h0a44026_1003 222 KB conda-forge
icu-64.2 | h6de7cb9_1 12.3 MB conda-forge
uwsgi-2.0.18 | py37h08fe31f_3 1.9 MB conda-forge
------------------------------------------------------------
Total: 17.6 MB
The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:
icu: 64.2-h6de7cb9_1 conda-forge
jansson: 2.11-h01d97ff_1001 conda-forge
libiconv: 1.15-h01d97ff_1005 conda-forge
libxml2: 2.9.10-h53d96d6_0 conda-forge
pcre: 8.41-h0a44026_1003 conda-forge
uwsgi: 2.0.18-py37h08fe31f_3 conda-forge
yaml: 0.1.7-h1de35cc_1001 conda-forge
The following packages will be UPDATED:
ca-certificates: 2019.11.27-0 defaults --> 2019.11.28-hecc5488_0 conda-forge
certifi: 2019.11.28-py37_0 defaults --> 2019.11.28-py37_0 conda-forge
The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
openssl: 1.1.1d-h1de35cc_3 defaults --> 1.1.1d-h0b31af3_0 conda-forge
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
Downloading and Extracting Packages
openssl-1.1.1d | 1.9 MB | ############################################################# | 100%
libxml2-2.9.10 | 1.2 MB | ############################################################# | 100%
certifi-2019.11.28 | 148 KB | ############################################################# | 100%
pcre-8.41 | 222 KB | ############################################################# | 100%
icu-64.2 | 12.3 MB | ############################################################# | 100%
uwsgi-2.0.18 | 1.9 MB | ############################################################# | 100%
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
好了，切換到python3.7的虛擬環(huán)境輸入uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini
*** Starting uWSGI 2.0.18 (64bit) on [Sat Jan 18 03:50:14 2020] *** compiled with version: 4.2.1 Compatible Clang 4.0.1 (tags/RELEASE_401/final) on 22 July 2019 16:53:49 os: Darwin-17.7.0 Darwin Kernel Version 17.7.0: Sun Jun 2 20:31:42 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4570.71.46~1/RELEASE_X86_64 nodename: Mac machine: x86_64 clock source: unix pcre jit disabled detected number of CPU cores: 4 current working directory: /Users/wangzhou/Desktop/Projects/candy_spider_api writing pidfile to uwsgi.pid detected binary path: /Users/wangzhou/anaconda/envs/py37/bin/uwsgi chdir() to /Users/wangzhou/Desktop/Projects/candy_spider_api your processes number limit is 1418 your memory page size is 4096 bytes *** WARNING: you have enabled harakiri without post buffering. Slow upload could be rejected on post-unbuffered webservers *** detected max file descriptor number: 4864 lock engine: OSX spinlocks thunder lock: disabled (you can enable it with --thunder-lock) uwsgi socket 0 bound to TCP address :5000 # 使用nginx fd 3 Python version: 3.7.3 | packaged by conda-forge | (default, Jul 1 2019, 14:38:56) [Clang 4.0.1 (tags/RELEASE_401/final)] Python main interpreter initialized at 0x7f866f7021f0 python threads support enabled your server socket listen backlog is limited to 10240 connections your mercy for graceful operations on workers is 60 seconds mapped 23090688 bytes (22549 KB) for 512 cores *** Operational MODE: preforking+threaded *** added /Users/wangzhou/anaconda/envs/py37/lib/python3.7/site-packages/ to pythonpath. WSGI app 0 (mountpoint='') ready in 1 seconds on interpreter 0x7f866f7021f0 pid: 38043 (default app) *** uWSGI is running in multiple interpreter mode *** spawned uWSGI master process (pid: 38043) spawned uWSGI worker 1 (pid: 38046, cores: 64) spawned uWSGI worker 2 (pid: 38047, cores: 64) spawned uWSGI worker 3 (pid: 38048, cores: 64) spawned uWSGI worker 4 (pid: 38049, cores: 64) spawned uWSGI worker 5 (pid: 38050, cores: 64) spawned uWSGI worker 6 (pid: 38051, cores: 64) spawned uWSGI worker 7 (pid: 38052, cores: 64) spawned uWSGI worker 8 (pid: 38053, cores: 64) *** Stats server enabled on 127.0.0.1:9191 fd: 25 ***
總結(jié)
以上為個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)，希望能給大家一個(gè)參考，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
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