class Parent:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
        print(f"Parent初始化: {name}")
    
    def greet(self):
        print(f"Hello, I'm {self.name}")

class Child(Parent):
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        # 調(diào)用父類的__init__方法
        super().__init__(name)
        self.age = age
        print(f"Child初始化: {name}, {age}歲")
    
    def greet(self):
        # 調(diào)用父類的greet方法
        super().greet()
        print(f"I'm {self.age} years old")

# 使用示例
child = Child("小明", 10)
child.greet()

class Parent:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
    
    def show_info(self):
        print(f"Name: {self.name}")

class Child(Parent):
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        # 直接使用父類名稱調(diào)用
        Parent.__init__(self, name)
        self.age = age
    
    def show_info(self):
        Parent.show_info(self)  # 直接調(diào)用父類方法
        print(f"Age: {self.age}")

# 使用示例
child = Child("小紅", 8)
child.show_info()

class A:
    def method(self):
        print("A的方法")

class B(A):
    def method(self):
        print("B的方法")
        super().method()

class C(A):
    def method(self):
        print("C的方法")
        super().method()

class D(B, C):
    def method(self):
        print("D的方法")
        super().method()

# 查看MRO順序
print(D.__mro__)

# 測試調(diào)用順序
d = D()
d.method()

class A:
    def __init__(self):
        print("A的初始化")
        super().__init__()  # 不是調(diào)用object的__init__嗎？

class B:
    def __init__(self):
        print("B的初始化")
        super().__init__()

class C(A, B):
    def __init__(self):
        print("C的初始化")
        super().__init__()

# 測試調(diào)用鏈
c = C()
print(f"C的MRO: {C.__mro__}")

class Animal:
    def __init__(self, name, **kwargs):
        self.name = name
        super().__init__(**kwargs)  # 傳遞其他參數(shù)
        print(f"Animal初始化: {name}")

class Mammal:
    def __init__(self, warm_blooded=True, **kwargs):
        self.warm_blooded = warm_blooded
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        print(f"Mammal初始化: 溫血={warm_blooded}")

class Bird:
    def __init__(self, can_fly=True, **kwargs):
        self.can_fly = can_fly
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        print(f"Bird初始化: 會(huì)飛={can_fly}")

# 多重繼承示例
class Platypus(Mammal, Bird, Animal):
    def __init__(self, name, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(name=name, **kwargs)
        print("鴨嘴獸初始化完成")

# 使用示例
platy = Platypus("奇怪的鴨嘴獸", warm_blooded=True, can_fly=False)
print(f"MRO: {Platypus.__mro__}")

class Base:
    @staticmethod
    def static_method():
        print("Base的靜態(tài)方法")
    
    @classmethod
    def class_method(cls):
        print(f"Base的類方法，cls={cls}")

class Derived(Base):
    @staticmethod
    def static_method():
        # 調(diào)用父類靜態(tài)方法
        Base.static_method()  # 不能使用super()
        print("Derived的靜態(tài)方法")
    
    @classmethod
    def class_method(cls):
        # 調(diào)用父類類方法
        super().class_method()
        print(f"Derived的類方法，cls={cls}")

# 測試調(diào)用
Derived.static_method()
print("---")
Derived.class_method()

class View:
    """Web框架中的基礎(chǔ)視圖類"""
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        self.context = kwargs
        super().__init__()  # 為多重繼承留出空間
    
    def dispatch_request(self, request):
        print("處理請(qǐng)求...")
        return self.get_response(request)
    
    def get_response(self, request):
        return f"響應(yīng): {request}"

class TemplateView(View):
    """帶模板渲染的視圖"""
    def __init__(self, template_name, **kwargs):
        self.template_name = template_name
        super().__init__(**kwargs)  # 必須調(diào)用父類初始化
    
    def get_response(self, request):
        # 擴(kuò)展父類方法而不是完全重寫
        response = super().get_response(request)
        return f"模板[{self.template_name}] - {response}"

# 使用示例
view = TemplateView("index.html")
result = view.get_response("首頁請(qǐng)求")
print(result)

class Vehicle:
    def __init__(self, make, model, **kwargs):
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        super().__init__(**kwargs)  # 傳遞額外參數(shù)

class Electric:
    def __init__(self, battery_capacity, **kwargs):
        self.battery_capacity = battery_capacity
        super().__init__(**kwargs)

class Car(Vehicle, Electric):
    def __init__(self, make, model, battery_capacity, num_doors):
        super().__init__(make=make, model=model, 
                        battery_capacity=battery_capacity)
        self.num_doors = num_doors

# 使用示例
car = Car("Tesla", "Model S", 100, 4)
print(f"制造: {car.make}, 型號(hào): {car.model}, 電池容量: {car.battery_capacity}kWh")

# 不推薦的寫法（可能導(dǎo)致重復(fù)調(diào)用）
class A:
    def setup(self):
        print("A的設(shè)置")

class B(A):
    def setup(self):
        A.setup(self)  # 直接調(diào)用
        print("B的設(shè)置")

class C(A):
    def setup(self):
        A.setup(self)  # 直接調(diào)用，可能重復(fù)
        print("C的設(shè)置")

class D(B, C):
    def setup(self):
        B.setup(self)
        C.setup(self)  # A.setup會(huì)被調(diào)用兩次!
        print("D的設(shè)置")

# 測試
print("=== 不推薦的寫法 ===")
d = D()
d.setup()

# 推薦的寫法（使用super()）
class A2:
    def setup(self):
        print("A2的設(shè)置")

class B2(A2):
    def setup(self):
        super().setup()
        print("B2的設(shè)置")

class C2(A2):
    def setup(self):
        super().setup()
        print("C2的設(shè)置")

class D2(B2, C2):
    def setup(self):
        super().setup()  # 根據(jù)MRO自動(dòng)處理
        print("D2的設(shè)置")

print("\n=== 推薦的寫法 ===")
d2 = D2()
d2.setup()
print(f"D2的MRO: {D2.__mro__}")

class OldBase:
    """舊式基類，接口與新時(shí)代類不兼容"""
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

class NewBase:
    """新式基類，使用關(guān)鍵字參數(shù)"""
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        for key, value in kwargs.items():
            setattr(self, key, value)

class Adapter(OldBase, NewBase):
    """適配器類，處理接口不兼容問題"""
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        # 提取OldBase需要的參數(shù)
        name = kwargs.pop('name', 'Unknown')
        age = kwargs.pop('age', 0)
        
        # 分別初始化兩個(gè)基類
        OldBase.__init__(self, name, age)
        NewBase.__init__(self, **kwargs)

# 使用示例
adapter = Adapter(name="適配器", age=10, new_param="新參數(shù)")
print(f"Name: {adapter.name}, Age: {adapter.age}")