import subprocess

# 基礎(chǔ)執(zhí)行函數(shù)
def run_git(command: list, cwd: str = "."):
    result = subprocess.run(
        ["git"] + command,
        cwd=cwd,
        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
        text=True,
        check=True  # 遇到錯誤拋出異常
    )
    return result.stdout.strip()

# 常用操作示例
# ---------------
# 1. 克隆倉庫
clone_output = run_git(["clone", "https://github.com/user/repo.git", "local_dir"])

# 2. 添加文件
run_git(["add", "file.py"], cwd="local_dir")

# 3. 提交更改
commit_msg = "Added new feature"
run_git(["commit", "-m", commit_msg], cwd="local_dir")

# 4. 推送代碼
run_git(["push", "origin", "main"], cwd="local_dir")

# 5. 拉取更新
pull_output = run_git(["pull"], cwd="local_dir")

# 6. 查看狀態(tài)
status_output = run_git(["status", "--short"], cwd="local_dir")

# 7. 切換分支
run_git(["checkout", "-b", "new-feature"], cwd="local_dir")

# 8. 查看日志（最近3條）
log_output = run_git(["log", "-3", "--oneline"], cwd="local_dir")
print(log_output)

# 錯誤處理示例
try:
    run_git(["merge", "non-existent-branch"])
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
    print(f"Error: {e.stderr}")

from git import Repo, GitCommandError

# 克隆倉庫
Repo.clone_from("https://github.com/user/repo.git", "local_dir")

# 打開現(xiàn)有倉庫
repo = Repo("local_dir")

# 常用操作
# ---------------
# 添加文件
repo.index.add(["file.py"])

# 提交
repo.index.commit("Commit message")

# 推送
origin = repo.remote("origin")
origin.push()

# 拉取
origin.pull()

# 分支管理
repo.create_head("new-branch")  # 創(chuàng)建分支
repo.heads.new-branch.checkout()  # 切換分支

# 查看差異
diff = repo.git.diff("HEAD~1")  # 與上一次提交比較

# 日志查詢
for commit in repo.iter_commits("main", max_count=3):
    print(commit.message)

# 錯誤處理
try:
    repo.git.merge("invalid-branch")
except GitCommandError as e:
    print(f"Merge failed: {e}")

import pygit2

# 克隆倉庫
pygit2.clone_repository("https://github.com/user/repo.git", "local_dir")

# 打開倉庫
repo = pygit2.Repository("local_dir")

# 添加文件
index = repo.index
index.add("file.py")
index.write()

# 提交
author = pygit2.Signature("Your Name", "email@example.com")
repo.create_commit(
    "HEAD",  # 引用
    author,  # 作者
    author,  # 提交者
    "Commit message",  # 消息
    index.write_tree(),  # 樹對象
    [repo.head.target]  # 父提交
)

# 推送
remote = repo.remotes["origin"]
remote.credentials = pygit2.UserPass("username", "password")
remote.push(["refs/heads/main"])

# GitPython 使用 SSH 密鑰
repo.remotes.origin.push(credentials=git.SshKeyAuthenticator("~/.ssh/id_rsa"))

# PyGit2 使用 HTTPS
remote.credentials = pygit2.UserPass("user", "pass")

from git import Repo

# 初始化倉庫
repo = Repo.init("my_project")

# 創(chuàng)建文件并提交
with open("my_project/hello.txt", "w") as f:
    f.write("Hello GitPython!")
    
repo.index.add(["hello.txt"])
repo.index.commit("Initial commit")

# 連接遠程倉庫
origin = repo.create_remote("origin", url="https://github.com/user/repo.git")

# 推送代碼
origin.push(all=True)  # 推送所有分支

# 模擬協(xié)作：其他人修改后拉取更新
origin.pull()

# 查看歷史
for commit in repo.iter_commits():
    print(f"{commit.hexsha[:8]} by {commit.author}: {commit.message}")