<bookstore>
  <book category="編程">
    <title>Python從入門(mén)到精通</title>
    <author>張偉</author>
    <year>2023</year>
  </book>
  <book category="小說(shuō)">
    <title>三體</title>
    <author>劉慈欣</author>
    <year>2008</year>
  </book>
</bookstore>

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

xml_string = """
<bookstore>
  <book category="編程">
    <title>Python從入門(mén)到精通</title>
    <author>張偉</author>
  </book>
</bookstore>
"""

root = ET.fromstring(xml_string)  # 從字符串加載

tree = ET.parse('books.xml')  # 從文件加載
root = tree.getroot()

for book in root.findall('book'):
    print("找到一本書(shū)：")
    print(f"類(lèi)別：{book.get('category')}")
    print(f"書(shū)名：{book.find('title').text}")
    print(f"作者：{book.find('author').text}")

# 查找第一個(gè)匹配的節(jié)點(diǎn)
first_book = root.find('book')

# 查找所有匹配節(jié)點(diǎn)
all_books = root.findall('book')

# 用XPath查找（更強(qiáng)大）
titles = root.findall('.//title')  # 查找所有title節(jié)點(diǎn)

# 獲取屬性
category = book.get('category')

# 獲取文本內(nèi)容
title = book.find('title').text

# 處理可能不存在的節(jié)點(diǎn)
year = book.find('year')
if year is not None:
    print(year.text)

<ns:book xmlns:ns="http://example.com">
  <ns:title>XML解析指南</ns:title>
</ns:book>

ns = {'ns': 'http://example.com'}
title = root.find('ns:title', ns).text

import requests

url = "https://example.com/rss"
response = requests.get(url)
root = ET.fromstring(response.content)

for item in root.findall('.//item'):
    print(f"標(biāo)題：{item.find('title').text}")
    print(f"鏈接：{item.find('link').text}")
    print("----")

for event, elem in ET.iterparse('big_file.xml'):
    if elem.tag == 'book':
        print(elem.find('title').text)
        elem.clear()  # 及時(shí)清理內(nèi)存

from lxml import etree  # 需要安裝：pip install lxml

# 比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù)快3-5倍
parser = etree.XMLParser(remove_blank_text=True)
tree = etree.parse('books.xml', parser)

with open('data.xml', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    tree = ET.parse(f)

from xml.sax.saxutils import escape
safe_text = escape('文本&特殊字符<>"')

from xml.dom import minidom
xml_str = ET.tostring(root)
pretty_xml = minidom.parseString(xml_str).toprettyxml()

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

def parse_xml(file_path):
    tree = ET.parse(file_path)
    root = tree.getroot()
    
    results = []
    for book in root.findall('book'):
        data = {
            'category': book.get('category'),
            'title': book.find('title').text,
            'author': book.find('author').text,
            'year': book.find('year').text if book.find('year') is not None else None
        }
        results.append(data)
    
    return results

# 使用示例
books = parse_xml('books.xml')
for book in books:
    print(f"{book['title']}（{book['year']}）")