一、Post請(qǐng)求

1、使用python發(fā)送一個(gè)Post請(qǐng)求

有時(shí)候遇到請(qǐng)求url中有很多參數(shù)。

1.1 示例1

accounts和pwd請(qǐng)到http://shop-xo.hctestedu.com/注冊(cè)。

import requests

# 請(qǐng)求體
data = {
    "accounts": "xx",
    "pwd": "xxx",
    "type": "username"
}

# 只有php項(xiàng)目需要application和application_client_type
# 寫(xiě)法一, 在請(qǐng)求Url中帶上所有參數(shù)，application和application_client_type，用&隔開(kāi)
response = requests.post(url="http://shop-xo.hctestedu.com/index.php?"
                                "s=api/user/login"
                                "&application=app"
                                "&applicaiton_client_type=weixin", json=data)

# 輸出響應(yīng)結(jié)果
print(response.text)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

{"msg":"登錄成功","code":0,"data":{"id":"7073","username":"xx","nickname":"","mobile":"","email":"","avatar":"http:\/\/shop-xo.hctestedu.com\/static\/index\/default\/images\/default-user-avatar.jpg","alipay_openid":"","weixin_openid":"","weixin_unionid":"","weixin_web_openid":"","baidu_openid":"","toutiao_openid":"","qq_openid":"","qq_unionid":"","integral":"189","locking_integral":"0","referrer":"0","add_time":"1646195490","add_time_text":"2022-03-02 12:31:30","mobile_security":"","email_security":"","user_name_view":"xx","is_mandatory_bind_mobile":0,"token":"xxxxxx"}}

1.2 示例2

使用不定長(zhǎng)參數(shù) params，將url中需要的參數(shù)單獨(dú)封裝。

import requests

# 請(qǐng)求體
data = {
    "accounts": "xx",
    "pwd": "xxx",
    "type": "username"
}

# 使用不定長(zhǎng)參數(shù)params
param_data = {
    "application": "app",
    "application_client_type": "weixin"
}
# 寫(xiě)法2：使用不定長(zhǎng)參數(shù)params
response = requests.post(url="http://shop-xo.hctestedu.com/index.php?"
                             "s=api/user/login", params=param_data, json=data)

# 輸出響應(yīng)結(jié)果
print(response.text)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

{"msg":"登錄成功","code":0,"data":{"id":"22299","username":"xx","nickname":"","mobile":"","email":"","avatar":"http:\/\/shop-xo.hctestedu.com\/static\/index\/default\/images\/default-user-avatar.jpg","alipay_openid":"","weixin_openid":"","weixin_unionid":"","weixin_web_openid":"","baidu_openid":"","toutiao_openid":"","qq_openid":"","qq_unionid":"","integral":"0","locking_integral":"0","referrer":"0","add_time":"1678005098","add_time_text":"2023-03-05 16:31:38","mobile_security":"","email_security":"","user_name_view":"xx","is_mandatory_bind_mobile":0,"token":"xxxxx"}}

二、獲取Response body

1、response.text

用type(）查看response.text的類型，是str

import requests

# 請(qǐng)求體
data = {
    "accounts": "xx",
    "pwd": "xxx",
    "type": "username"
}

# 使用不定長(zhǎng)參數(shù)params
param_data = {
    "application": "app",
    "application_client_type": "weixin"
}
# 寫(xiě)法2：使用不定長(zhǎng)參數(shù)params
response = requests.post(url="http://shop-xo.hctestedu.com/index.php?"
                             "s=api/user/login", params=param_data, json=data)

# 輸出響應(yīng)結(jié)果
print(response.text)
print(type(response.text))

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

{"msg":"登錄成功","code":0,"data":{"id":"22299","username":"xx","nickname":"","mobile":"","email":"","avatar":"http:\/\/shop-xo.hctestedu.com\/static\/index\/default\/images\/default-user-avatar.jpg","alipay_openid":"","weixin_openid":"","weixin_unionid":"","weixin_web_openid":"","baidu_openid":"","toutiao_openid":"","qq_openid":"","qq_unionid":"","integral":"0","locking_integral":"0","referrer":"0","add_time":"1678005098","add_time_text":"2023-03-05 16:31:38","mobile_security":"","email_security":"","user_name_view":"xx","is_mandatory_bind_mobile":0,"token":"xxxxx"}}
<class 'str'>

2、response.json()

用type(）查看response.json()的類型，是dict

import requests

# 請(qǐng)求體
data = {
    "accounts": "xx",
    "pwd": "xxx",
    "type": "username"
}

# 使用不定長(zhǎng)參數(shù)params
param_data = {
    "application": "app",
    "application_client_type": "weixin"
}
# 寫(xiě)法2：使用不定長(zhǎng)參數(shù)params
response = requests.post(url="http://shop-xo.hctestedu.com/index.php?"
                             "s=api/user/login", params=param_data, json=data)

# 輸出響應(yīng)結(jié)果
print(response.json())
print(type(response.json()))

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

{"msg":"登錄成功","code":0,"data":{"id":"22299","username":"xx","nickname":"","mobile":"","email":"","avatar":"http:\/\/shop-xo.hctestedu.com\/static\/index\/default\/images\/default-user-avatar.jpg","alipay_openid":"","weixin_openid":"","weixin_unionid":"","weixin_web_openid":"","baidu_openid":"","toutiao_openid":"","qq_openid":"","qq_unionid":"","integral":"0","locking_integral":"0","referrer":"0","add_time":"1678005098","add_time_text":"2023-03-05 16:31:38","mobile_security":"","email_security":"","user_name_view":"xx","is_mandatory_bind_mobile":0,"token":"xxxxx"}}
<class 'dict'>

三、獲取響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼：res.status_code

print(response.status_code)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

200

更多狀態(tài)碼：

狀態(tài)代碼有三位數(shù)字組成，第一個(gè)數(shù)字定義了響應(yīng)的類別，共分五種類別:
1xx：指示信息--表示請(qǐng)求已接收，繼續(xù)處理
2xx：成功--表示請(qǐng)求已被成功接收、理解、接受
3xx：重定向--要完成請(qǐng)求必須進(jìn)行更進(jìn)一步的操作
4xx：客戶端錯(cuò)誤--請(qǐng)求有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤或請(qǐng)求無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)
5xx：服務(wù)器端錯(cuò)誤--服務(wù)器未能實(shí)現(xiàn)合法的請(qǐng)求

常見(jiàn)狀態(tài)碼：
200 OK    //客戶端請(qǐng)求成功
400 Bad Request    //客戶端請(qǐng)求有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，不能被服務(wù)器所理解
401 Unauthorized    //請(qǐng)求未經(jīng)授權(quán)，這個(gè)狀態(tài)代碼必須和WWW-Authenticate報(bào)頭域一起使用
403 Forbidden    //服務(wù)器收到請(qǐng)求，但是拒絕提供服務(wù)
404 Not Found    //請(qǐng)求資源不存在，eg：輸入了錯(cuò)誤的URL
500 Internal Server Error    //服務(wù)器發(fā)生不可預(yù)期的錯(cuò)誤
503 Server Unavailable    //服務(wù)器當(dāng)前不能處理客戶端的請(qǐng)求，一段時(shí)間后可能恢復(fù)正常

四、獲取響應(yīng)cookies：res.cookies

print(response.cookies)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

<RequestsCookieJar[<Cookie PHPSESSID=92ppj01t00t4v142rd8fsmos7k for shop-xo.hctestedu.com/>]>

五、獲取響應(yīng)headers：res.headers

print(response.headers)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

{'Server': 'nginx', 'Date': 'Sun, 05 Mar 2023 10:04:02 GMT', 'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=utf-8', 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Set-Cookie': 'PHPSESSID=ul9qsgallg17d5am81q08pfhj0; path=/; HttpOnly', 'Expires': 'Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT', 'Cache-Control': 'no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate', 'Pragma': 'no-cache'}

六、獲取響應(yīng)結(jié)果原始內(nèi)容：res.content

content，沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)編譯的，以字節(jié)的形式展示。而上述提到的text是編譯過(guò)的。自動(dòng)找到請(qǐng)求頭中的編碼格式，進(jìn)行解析。

print(response.content)
print(type(response.content))

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

b'{"msg":"\xe7\x99\xbb\xe5\xbd\x95\xe6\x88\x90\xe5\x8a\x9f","code":0,"data":{"id":"22299","username":"xxxxx","nickname":"","mobile":"","email":"","avatar":"http:\\/\\/shop-xo.hctestedu.com\\/static\\/index\\/default\\/images\\/default-user-avatar.jpg","alipay_openid":"","weixin_openid":"","weixin_unionid":"","weixin_web_openid":"","baidu_openid":"","toutiao_openid":"","qq_openid":"","qq_unionid":"","integral":"0","locking_integral":"0","referrer":"0","add_time":"1678005098","add_time_text":"2023-03-05 16:31:38","mobile_security":"","email_security":"","user_name_view":"xxxxx","is_mandatory_bind_mobile":0,"token":"d653d78ac417f65e1cd38c6f3e220341"}}'<class 'bytes'>

content還支持手動(dòng)的編碼，例如使用utf-8編碼，編碼后的是str類型，json本質(zhì)是一種字符串類型

resp = response.content.decode("utf-8")
print(resp)
print(type(resp))

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

{"msg":"登錄成功","code":0,"data":{"id":"22299","username":"xxxxx","nickname":"","mobile":"","email":"","avatar":"http:\/\/shop-xo.hctestedu.com\/static\/index\/default\/images\/default-user-avatar.jpg","alipay_openid":"","weixin_openid":"","weixin_unionid":"","weixin_web_openid":"","baidu_openid":"","toutiao_openid":"","qq_openid":"","qq_unionid":"","integral":"0","locking_integral":"0","referrer":"0","add_time":"1678005098","add_time_text":"2023-03-05 16:31:38","mobile_security":"","email_security":"","user_name_view":"xxxxx","is_mandatory_bind_mobile":0,"token":"d653d78ac417f65e1cd38c6f3e220341"}}<class 'str'>

七、獲取響應(yīng)結(jié)果：最原生的狀態(tài)，對(duì)象在內(nèi)存中的地址：res.raw

print(response.raw)
print(type(response.raw))

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

<urllib3.response.HTTPResponse object at 0x0000023317D8D880><class 'urllib3.response.HTTPResponse'>

八、解析響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)

響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)如下：

{
    "msg": "登錄成功",
    "code": 0,
    "data": {
        "id": "22299",
        "username": "Summer",
        "nickname": "",
        "mobile": "",
        "email": "",
        "avatar": "http:\/\/shop-xo.hctestedu.com\/static\/index\/default\/images\/default-user-avatar.jpg",
        "alipay_openid": "",
        "weixin_openid": "",
        "weixin_unionid": "",
        "weixin_web_openid": "",
        "baidu_openid": "",
        "toutiao_openid": "",
        "qq_openid": "",
        "qq_unionid": "",
        "integral": "0",
        "locking_integral": "0",
        "referrer": "0",
        "add_time": "1678005098",
        "add_time_text": "2023-03-05 16:31:38",
        "mobile_security": "",
        "email_security": "",
        "user_name_view": "chengcheng",
        "is_mandatory_bind_mobile": 0,
        "token": "d653d78ac417f65e1cd38c6f3e220341"
    }
}

通常我們獲取響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)后，是需要進(jìn)行結(jié)果驗(yàn)證的。例如，我想從登錄接口的響應(yīng)中拿到token，供后面的接口請(qǐng)求鑒權(quán)使用。

1、字典方式解析及其缺點(diǎn)

上面已經(jīng)講到，可以使用response.json()方法拿到一個(gè)字典。既然是字典，就可以用處理字典的方式來(lái)獲取某個(gè)字段的值。

resp = response.json()
token = resp["data"]["token"]
print(token )

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

d653d78ac417f65e1cd38c6f3e220341

字典解析的缺點(diǎn)：如果接口數(shù)據(jù)異常，響應(yīng)體缺少某個(gè)字段，就會(huì)發(fā)生keyerror，導(dǎo)致程序異常。

resp = response.json()
token = resp["data"]["token1"]
print(token )

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "E:\Coding\python-workspace\Interface_test\first_requests.py", line 128, in <module>
    token = resp["data"]["token1"]
KeyError: 'token1'

2、Jsonpath表達(dá)式解析及其優(yōu)點(diǎn)

上面的響應(yīng)body結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單，如果我們要解析特別復(fù)雜的響應(yīng)體，通過(guò)字典方式就很復(fù)雜。這個(gè)時(shí)候更推薦jsonpath。需要引入jsonpath庫(kù)。

import jsonpath

resp = response.json()  # 將返回值轉(zhuǎn)換成字典格式
token = jsonpath.jsonpath(resp, '$..token')  # token的jsonpath表達(dá)式：$..token
print(token)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

['d653d78ac417f65e1cd38c6f3e220341']

通過(guò)結(jié)果來(lái)看，獲取到的token是只有一個(gè)元素的列表。我們要想拿到token通過(guò)下標(biāo)訪問(wèn)。

修改上述代碼：

import jsonpath

resp = response.json()  # 將返回值轉(zhuǎn)換成字典格式
token = jsonpath.jsonpath(resp, '$..token')  # token的jsonpath表達(dá)式：$..token
print(token[0])

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

d653d78ac417f65e1cd38c6f3e220341

Jsonpath表達(dá)式解析的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：如果響應(yīng)體缺少某個(gè)字段，通過(guò)Jsonpath表達(dá)式解析不到結(jié)果，就會(huì)返回False，永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)發(fā)生異常。我們可根據(jù)返回結(jié)果進(jìn)行后續(xù)處理。

import jsonpath

resp = response.json()  # 將返回值轉(zhuǎn)換成字典格式
# 使用錯(cuò)誤的jsonpath表達(dá)式
token = jsonpath.jsonpath(resp, '$..token1')  # token的jsonpath表達(dá)式：$..token1
if isinstance(token, List):
    print(f'可以解析到token，值為：{token[0]}')
else:
    print(f'解析不到token，結(jié)果為：{token}')

# 使用正確的jsonpath表達(dá)式
token = jsonpath.jsonpath(resp, '$..token')  # token的jsonpath表達(dá)式：$..token
if isinstance(token, List):
    print(f'可以解析到token，值為：{token[0]}')
else:
    print(f'解析不到token，結(jié)果為：{token}')

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

解析不到token，結(jié)果為：False
可以解析到token，值為：d653d78ac417f65e1cd38c6f3e220341

3、如何知道自己寫(xiě)的jsonpath表達(dá)式是否正確呢？

jsonpath在線校驗(yàn)工具：http://jsonpath.com/

將response粘貼在Inputs區(qū)域，在JSONPath區(qū)域輸入表達(dá)式，在Evaluation Results區(qū)域查看是否解析到期望的值。當(dāng)解析不到值時(shí)，返回的是空列表（No match）

jsonpath表達(dá)式語(yǔ)法

九、獲取請(qǐng)求的信息

print(f'請(qǐng)求url：{response.request.url}')
print(f'請(qǐng)求方法：{response.request.method}')
print(f'請(qǐng)求Header：{response.request.headers}')
print(f'請(qǐng)求路徑：{response.request.path_url}')

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

請(qǐng)求url：http://shop-xo.hctestedu.com/index.php?s=api/user/login&application=app&application_client_type=weixin
請(qǐng)求方法：POST
請(qǐng)求Header：{'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.28.1', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Length': '69', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
請(qǐng)求路徑：/index.php?s=api/user/login&application=app&application_client_type=weixin

十、json=data 和 data=data 參數(shù)區(qū)別

接口電商項(xiàng)目后臺(tái)代碼（PHP）中，json=data以及data=data這2種參數(shù)類型都可以接收。在實(shí)際項(xiàng)目應(yīng)用中，常見(jiàn)的報(bào)文格式是application/json。因此最常使用的是json=data

1、json=data

請(qǐng)求頭默認(rèn)為:Content-Type=application/json

url = 'http://shop-xo.hctestedu.com/index.php?s=api/user/login'
res = requests.post(url=url, json=data, params=param_data)
# 查看請(qǐng)求中的請(qǐng)求頭信息，Content-Type=application/json
print(res.request.headers)
print(res.text)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

{'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.28.1', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Length': '69', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
{"msg":"登錄成功","code":0,"data":{"id":"22299","username":"xxxxx","nickname":"","mobile":"","email":"","avatar":"http:\/\/shop-xo.hctestedu.com\/static\/index\/default\/images\/default-user-avatar.jpg","alipay_openid":"","weixin_openid":"","weixin_unionid":"","weixin_web_openid":"","baidu_openid":"","toutiao_openid":"","qq_openid":"","qq_unionid":"","integral":"0","locking_integral":"0","referrer":"0","add_time":"1678005098","add_time_text":"2023-03-05 16:31:38","mobile_security":"","email_security":"","user_name_view":"xxxxx","is_mandatory_bind_mobile":0,"token":"d653d78ac417f65e1cd38c6f3e220341"}}

2、data=data

請(qǐng)求頭默認(rèn)為：application/x-www-form-urlencoded

url = 'http://shop-xo.hctestedu.com/index.php?s=api/user/login'
res = requests.post(url=url, data=data, params=param_data)
# 查看請(qǐng)求中的請(qǐng)求頭信息，Content-Type=application/x-www-form-urlencoded
print(res.request.headers)
print(res.text)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

{'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.28.1', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Length': '50', 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
{"msg":"登錄成功","code":0,"data":{"id":"22299","username":"xxxxx","nickname":"","mobile":"","email":"","avatar":"http:\/\/shop-xo.hctestedu.com\/static\/index\/default\/images\/default-user-avatar.jpg","alipay_openid":"","weixin_openid":"","weixin_unionid":"","weixin_web_openid":"","baidu_openid":"","toutiao_openid":"","qq_openid":"","qq_unionid":"","integral":"0","locking_integral":"0","referrer":"0","add_time":"1678005098","add_time_text":"2023-03-05 16:31:38","mobile_security":"","email_security":"","user_name_view":"xxxxx","is_mandatory_bind_mobile":0,"token":"d653d78ac417f65e1cd38c6f3e220341"}}

3、設(shè)置請(qǐng)求頭

如果是java項(xiàng)目，spring會(huì)將請(qǐng)求實(shí)體的內(nèi)容自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換為Bean，但前提是請(qǐng)求的Content-Type必須設(shè)置為application/json

在請(qǐng)求頭中定義發(fā)送報(bào)文的格式

1、Content-Type: application/json

headers = {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json'
    # 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
}
url = 'http://shop-xo.hctestedu.com/index.php?s=api/user/login'
res = requests.post(url=url, params=param_data, json=data, headers=headers)
print(res.request.headers)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

{'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.28.1', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Content-Length': '50'}

2、Content-Type：application/x-www-form-urlencoded

headers = {
    # 'Content-Type': 'application/json'
    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
}
url = 'http://shop-xo.hctestedu.com/index.php?s=api/user/login'
res = requests.post(url=url, params=param_data, data=data, headers=headers)

print(res.request.headers)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

{'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.28.1', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', 'Content-Length': '69'}

十一、Json和字典數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換

1、json.dumps()，將字典轉(zhuǎn)換成Json

使用json.dumps()可以將字典轉(zhuǎn)換成Json

test = {
    "msg": "登錄成功",
    "code": 0,
    "data": {
        "id": "22299",
        "username": "Summer",
        "nickname": "",
        "mobile": "",
        "email": "",
        "avatar": "http:\/\/shop-xo.hctestedu.com\/static\/index\/default\/images\/default-user-avatar.jpg",
        "alipay_openid": "",
        "weixin_openid": "",
        "weixin_unionid": "",
        "weixin_web_openid": "",
        "baidu_openid": "",
        "toutiao_openid": "",
        "qq_openid": "",
        "qq_unionid": "",
        "integral": "0",
        "locking_integral": "0",
        "referrer": "0",
        "add_time": "1678005098",
        "add_time_text": "2023-03-05 16:31:38",
        "mobile_security": "",
        "email_security": "",
        "user_name_view": "chengcheng",
        "is_mandatory_bind_mobile": 0,
        "token": "d653d78ac417f65e1cd38c6f3e220341"
    }
}

print(type(test))
print(json.dumps(test))
print(type(json.dumps(test)))

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

<class 'dict'>
{"msg": "\u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f", "code": 0, "data": {"id": "22299", "username": "Summer", "nickname": "", "mobile": "", "email": "", "avatar": "http:\\/\\/shop-xo.hctestedu.com\\/static\\/index\\/default\\/images\\/default-user-avatar.jpg", "alipay_openid": "", "weixin_openid": "", "weixin_unionid": "", "weixin_web_openid": "", "baidu_openid": "", "toutiao_openid": "", "qq_openid": "", "qq_unionid": "", "integral": "0", "locking_integral": "0", "referrer": "0", "add_time": "1678005098", "add_time_text": "2023-03-05 16:31:38", "mobile_security": "", "email_security": "", "user_name_view": "chengcheng", "is_mandatory_bind_mobile": 0, "token": "d653d78ac417f65e1cd38c6f3e220341"}}
<class 'str'>

2、json.loads()，將Json轉(zhuǎn)換成字典

使用json.loads()可以將Json轉(zhuǎn)換成字典

print(json.loads(json.dumps(test)))
print(type(json.loads(json.dumps(test))))

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

{'msg': '登錄成功', 'code': 0, 'data': {'id': '22299', 'username': 'Summer', 'nickname': '', 'mobile': '', 'email': '', 'avatar': 'http:\\/\\/shop-xo.hctestedu.com\\/static\\/index\\/default\\/images\\/default-user-avatar.jpg', 'alipay_openid': '', 'weixin_openid': '', 'weixin_unionid': '', 'weixin_web_openid': '', 'baidu_openid': '', 'toutiao_openid': '', 'qq_openid': '', 'qq_unionid': '', 'integral': '0', 'locking_integral': '0', 'referrer': '0', 'add_time': '1678005098', 'add_time_text': '2023-03-05 16:31:38', 'mobile_security': '', 'email_security': '', 'user_name_view': 'chengcheng', 'is_mandatory_bind_mobile': 0, 'token': 'd653d78ac417f65e1cd38c6f3e220341'}}
<class 'dict'>

3、json格式報(bào)文發(fā)送

方法一：參數(shù)是data，值：將字典data轉(zhuǎn)換成json

url = 'http://shop-xo.hctestedu.com/index.php?s=api/user/login'
headers = {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json'
}
res = requests.post(url=url, data=json.dumps(data), headers=headers)
print(res.text)

方法二：參數(shù)是json，值：字典data

url = 'http://shop-xo.hctestedu.com/index.php?s=api/user/login'
res = requests.post(url=url, json=data)
print(res.text)

print(res.json())
print(type(res.json()))
assert "登錄成功" == res.json()['msg']

十二、獲取接口響應(yīng)時(shí)間

url = 'http://shop-xo.hctestedu.com/index.php?s=api/user/login'
res = requests.post(url=url, json=data)
print(res.text)
# 獲取接口響應(yīng)時(shí)間，單位秒
print(r.elapsed.total_seconds())

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

{"msg":"登錄成功","code":0,"data":{"body_html":""}}
0.078264

十三、接口調(diào)用失敗處理

同一個(gè)用例中有多個(gè)接口調(diào)用，一個(gè)接口調(diào)用失敗如何防止程序終止？
用于判斷接口請(qǐng)求的狀態(tài)碼是否為200，如果是，則返回none，如果不是則返回異常。
調(diào)用接口時(shí)結(jié)合try…except進(jìn)行使用。

# 模擬接口404，使用不存在的request url: login1
url = 'http://shop-xo.hctestedu.com/index.php?s=api/user/login1'
res = requests.post(url=url, json=data)

try:
    assert 200 == res.status_code
except:
    # 異常處理1：直接跳過(guò)，可繼續(xù)執(zhí)行后面代碼
    # pass
    # 異常處理2：打印詳細(xì)異常信息
    print(res.status_code)
    res.raise_for_status()
else:
    print(res.text)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

404
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "E:\Coding\python-workspace\Interface_test\first_requests.py", line 220, in <module>
    assert 200 == res.status_code
AssertionError

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "E:\Coding\python-workspace\Interface_test\first_requests.py", line 226, in <module>
    res.raise_for_status()
  File "D:\Developer\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\models.py", line 1021, in raise_for_status
    raise HTTPError(http_error_msg, response=self)
requests.exceptions.HTTPError: 404 Client Error: Not Found for url: http://shop-xo.hctestedu.com/index.php?s=api/user/login1

十四、接口超時(shí)

url = 'http://shop-xo.hctestedu.com/index.php?s=api/user/login'

try:
    res = requests.post(url=url, json=data, timeout=0.01)  # timeout，單位秒
except (TimeoutError, ReadTimeout, ConnectTimeout):
    # ConnectTimeout：指的是建立連接所用的時(shí)間，適用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀況正常的情況下，兩端連接所用的時(shí)間。
    # ReadTimeout：指的是建立連接后從服務(wù)器讀取到可用資源所用的時(shí)間。
    print("發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)稍后重試")
else:
    # 獲取接口響應(yīng)時(shí)間，單位秒
    print(res.elapsed.total_seconds())
    print(res.text)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)稍后重試

當(dāng)把timeout改成0.1，執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

0.07419
{"msg":"登錄成功","code":0,"data":{"body_html":""}}

總結(jié)

到此這篇關(guān)于使用Python發(fā)送Post請(qǐng)求以及解析響應(yīng)結(jié)果的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Python發(fā)送Post請(qǐng)求內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！