idea使用.env運(yùn)行SpringBoot項(xiàng)目

更新時(shí)間：2026年02月10日 08:22:49 作者：Aric_Jones

在SpringBoot項(xiàng)目中,通過.env文件管理敏感配置和環(huán)境參數(shù)比硬編碼在application.yml中更安全規(guī)范,本文就來介紹一下如何使用,感興趣的可以了解一下

在基于 Spring Boot 開發(fā)的項(xiàng)目中，我們會(huì)接觸到數(shù)據(jù)庫、Redis、OSS、第三方登錄等大量敏感配置和環(huán)境相關(guān)參數(shù)。直接將這些參數(shù)硬編碼在application.yml中存在諸多問題，而通過.env文件管理環(huán)境變量，能讓項(xiàng)目開發(fā)、協(xié)作、部署更規(guī)范、更安全。

修改yml文件

把敏感信息使用占位符代替，例如下面

server:
  port: ${SERVER_PORT:8080}

spring:
  mvc:
    pathmatch:
      matching-strategy: ant_path_matcher
  application:
    name: BlogApplication
  # MySQL
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://${MYSQL_HOST:localhost}:${MYSQL_PORT:3306}/${MYSQL_DB:blog}?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&allowMultiQueries=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=true
    username: ${MYSQL_USER:root}
    password: ${MYSQL_PASSWORD:}
    druid:
      initial-size: 10
      min-idle: 10
      max-active: 150
      max-wait: 60000
      time-between-eviction-runs-millis: 60000
      min-evictable-idle-time-millis: 600000
      max-evictable-idle-time-millis: 900000
      validation-query: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
      validation-query-timeout: 500
      test-while-idle: true
      test-on-borrow: false
      test-on-return: false
  # 文件上傳限制
  servlet:
    multipart:
      max-request-size: 100MB
      max-file-size: 100MB
  # Redis
  redis:
    host: ${REDIS_HOST:localhost}
    port: ${REDIS_PORT:6379}
    password: ${REDIS_PASSWORD:}
    timeout: 10s
    lettuce:
      pool:
        max-active: 150
        max-wait: 5000ms
        max-idle: 100
        min-idle: 50
  # 郵箱
  mail:
    host: ${MAIL_HOST:smtp.qq.com}
    username: ${MAIL_USERNAME:}
    password: ${MAIL_PASSWORD:}
    properties:
      mail:
        smtp:
          auth: true
          starttls:
            enable: true
          ssl:
            enable: true
#  rabbitmq:
#    host: ${RABBITMQ_HOST:localhost}
#    port: ${RABBITMQ_PORT:5672}
#    username: ${RABBITMQ_USER:guest}
#    password: ${RABBITMQ_PASSWORD:guest}

# 博客鏈接
blog:
  url: ${BLOG_URL:http://localhost:1314/}

# 線程池
thread:
  pool:
    core-pool-size: 5
    max-pool-size: 10
    queue-capacity: 50
    keep-alive-seconds: 60

# 搜索模式 elasticsearch、mysql
search:
  mode: ${SEARCH_MODE:mysql}

# 文件上傳策略 local、oss、cos
upload:
  strategy: ${UPLOAD_STRATEGY:oss}
  local:
    url: ${UPLOAD_LOCAL_URL:https://static.ttkwsd.top/}
    path: ${UPLOAD_LOCAL_PATH:/usr/local/upload/}
  oss:
    url: ${OSS_URL:}
    endpoint: ${OSS_ENDPOINT:}
    bucketName: ${OSS_BUCKET:}
    accessKeyId: ${OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:}
    accesskeySecret: ${OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET:}

# MyBatis-Plus
mybatis-plus:
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
  type-aliases-package: com.ican.entity
  configuration:
    log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
  global-config:
    db-config:
      table-prefix: t_

# Elasticsearch
elasticsearch:
  enabled: ${ES_ENABLED:false}
  username: ${ES_USERNAME:elastic}
  password: ${ES_PASSWORD:}
  hostname: ${ES_HOST:localhost}
  port: ${ES_PORT:9200}
  connectTimeout: 3000
  socketTimeout: 30000
  connectionRequestTimeout: 1000

# Sa-Token
sa-token:
  token-name: Authorization
  token-prefix: Bearer
  timeout: -1
  active-timeout: -1
  auto-renew: false
  is-concurrent: true
  token-style: uuid
  is-share: false
  max-login-count: 20
  is-read-cookie: false
  is-read-body: false
  is-read-header: true
  is-log: false

# 第三方登錄
oauth:
  gitee:
    client-id: ${OAUTH_GITEE_CLIENT_ID:}
    client-secret: ${OAUTH_GITEE_CLIENT_SECRET:}
    grant_type: authorization_code
    redirect-uri: ${OAUTH_GITEE_REDIRECT:https://your-domain.com/oauth/login/gitee}
    access-token-url: https://gitee.com/oauth/token
    user-info-url: https://gitee.com/api/v5/user?access_token={access_token}
  github:
    client-id: ${OAUTH_GITHUB_CLIENT_ID:}
    client-secret: ${OAUTH_GITHUB_CLIENT_SECRET:}
    redirect-url: ${OAUTH_GITHUB_REDIRECT:https://your-domain.com/oauth/login/github}
    access-token-url: https://github.com/login/oauth/access_token
    user-info-url: https://api.github.com/user
  qq:
    app-id: ${OAUTH_QQ_APP_ID:}
    app-key: ${OAUTH_QQ_APP_KEY:}
    grant_type: authorization_code
    redirect-url: ${OAUTH_QQ_REDIRECT:https://your-domain.com/oauth/login/qq}
    access-token-url: https://graph.qq.com/oauth2.0/token
    user-openid-url: https://graph.qq.com/oauth2.0/me
    user-info-url: https://graph.qq.com/user/get_user_info

# AI 對(duì)話
ai:
  deepseek:
    api-key: ${AI_API_KEY:}
    api-url: ${AI_API_URL:https://api.deepseek.com/chat/completions}
    model: ${AI_MODEL:deepseek-chat}
    system-prompt: ${AI_SYSTEM_PROMPT:你是一個(gè)博客智能助手，幫助用戶解答技術(shù)問題。請(qǐng)用簡潔、專業(yè)的中文回答，支持 Markdown 格式。如果問題與編程、技術(shù)無關(guān)，也可以友好地回答。}

# B站圖片上傳
bili-url: https://api.bilibili.com/x/dynamic/feed/draw/upload_bfs

這樣就會(huì)把敏感信息隔離了。

把敏感信息寫入另一個(gè)文件

在更目錄創(chuàng)建一個(gè).env，具體的格式如下，初始化你的變量

# ============================================================
#  本地開發(fā)環(huán)境變量模板
#  復(fù)制為 .env 并填入真實(shí)值：cp .env.example .env
#  spring-dotenv 會(huì)自動(dòng)加載 .env 文件
# ============================================================

# -------- MySQL --------
MYSQL_HOST=localhost
MYSQL_PORT=3306
MYSQL_DB=blog
MYSQL_USER=root
MYSQL_PASSWORD=your_password

# -------- Redis --------
REDIS_HOST=localhost
REDIS_PORT=6379
REDIS_PASSWORD=

# -------- 郵箱 --------
MAIL_HOST=smtp.qq.com
MAIL_USERNAME=your_email@qq.com
MAIL_PASSWORD=your_smtp_auth_code

# -------- 博客地址 --------
BLOG_URL=http://localhost:1314/

# -------- 搜索模式 (mysql / elasticsearch) --------
SEARCH_MODE=mysql

# -------- 文件上傳 (local / oss / cos) --------
UPLOAD_STRATEGY=oss
OSS_URL=https://your-bucket.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/
OSS_ENDPOINT=oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com
OSS_BUCKET=your-bucket
OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=your_key
OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET=your_secret

# -------- Elasticsearch --------
ES_ENABLED=false

# -------- 第三方登錄（可選）--------
OAUTH_GITEE_CLIENT_ID=
OAUTH_GITEE_CLIENT_SECRET=
OAUTH_GITHUB_CLIENT_ID=
OAUTH_GITHUB_CLIENT_SECRET=
OAUTH_QQ_APP_ID=
OAUTH_QQ_APP_KEY=

# -------- AI（可選）--------
AI_API_KEY=
AI_API_URL=https://api.deepseek.com/chat/completions
AI_MODEL=deepseek-chat

項(xiàng)目運(yùn)行的時(shí)候使用這個(gè)文件即可。

項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)使用.env

1. 打開Edit Configurations..

2. 打開Modify options

3. 勾選

4. 選擇文件

這樣就可以直接使用.env上傳文件，yml安心上傳到倉庫

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