Springboot集成SpringBatch批處理組件

更新時(shí)間：2025年06月30日 08:51:03 作者：豬悟道

這篇文章主要介紹了Springboot集成SpringBatch批處理組件,用于處理大規(guī)模數(shù)據(jù)作業(yè),提供ItemReader/Processor/Writer核心組件,支持任務(wù)持久化與H2數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)配置,具有一定的參考價(jià)值,感興趣的可以了解一下

1.Spring Batch 簡(jiǎn)介

Spring Batch 是 Spring 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的??企業(yè)級(jí)批處理框架??，專門(mén)設(shè)計(jì)用于處理大規(guī)模數(shù)據(jù)作業(yè)。它提供了批處理應(yīng)用所需的核心功能，解決了傳統(tǒng)批處理應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)中的重復(fù)性問(wèn)題，使開(kāi)發(fā)人員能夠?qū)Ｗ⒂跇I(yè)務(wù)邏輯而非基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。

核心價(jià)值與定位??

??問(wèn)題解決??：自動(dòng)化處理??周期性的、數(shù)據(jù)密集型的??任務(wù)（如報(bào)表生成、數(shù)據(jù)遷移、對(duì)賬結(jié)算）
??典型場(chǎng)景??：
每月財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表生成
銀行日終批量交易處理
電商平臺(tái)每日用戶行為分析
百萬(wàn)級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)遷移（如舊系統(tǒng)到新系統(tǒng)）

2.批處理工具架構(gòu)和示例

項(xiàng)	接口
讀	ItemReader
處理	ItemProcessor
寫(xiě)	ItemWriter

項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)

在這里插入圖片描述

依賴包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringBatcher</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>21</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>21</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <spring-boot.version>3.5.3</spring-boot.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-batch</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.38</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.3</version>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope> <!-- 通常只需運(yùn)行時(shí)依賴 -->
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

啟動(dòng)類

package org.example;

import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.EnableBatchProcessing;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@EnableBatchProcessing
@SpringBootApplication
public class BatchApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(BatchApp.class, args);
    }
}

2.1 批處理任務(wù)持久化控制

示例代碼基于 H2 存儲(chǔ)

package org.example.config;

import org.springframework.batch.core.repository.JobRepository;
import org.springframework.batch.core.repository.support.JobRepositoryFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

/**
 * @Author zhx && moon
 * @Since 21
 * @Date 2025-06-20 PM 4:21
 */
@Configuration
public class BatchJobConfig {

    @Bean
    public JobRepository jobRepository(DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
        JobRepositoryFactoryBean bean = new JobRepositoryFactoryBean();
        bean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        bean.setDatabaseType("H2");
        bean.setTransactionManager(new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource));
        bean.afterPropertiesSet();
        return bean.getObject();
    }

}

2.2 實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)讀取器

以 Excel 文件讀取為例

package org.example.job.common;

import com.alibaba.excel.EasyExcel;
import org.springframework.batch.item.ItemReader;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Author zhx && moon
 * @Since 21
 * @Date 2025-06-24 PM 2:16
 */
public class EasyExcelItemReader<T> implements ItemReader<T>, InitializingBean {

    private final Class<T> clazz;
    private final String filePath;
    private List<T> cacheList;
    private int index = 0;

    public EasyExcelItemReader(Class<T> clazz, String filePath) {
        this.clazz = clazz;
        this.filePath = filePath;
    }

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() {
        try {
            // 一次性讀取Excel所有數(shù)據(jù)（適用于中小文件）
            cacheList = EasyExcel.read(new File(filePath))
                    .head(clazz)
                    .sheet()
                    .headRowNumber(1) // 跳過(guò)標(biāo)題行
                    .doReadSync();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("read excel failed ", e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public T read() {
        if (index < cacheList.size()) {
            return cacheList.get(index++);
        }
        // 重置讀取的位置
        index = 0;
        return null;
    }
}

2.3 定義批處理JOB

package org.example.job;

import org.example.entity.User;
import org.example.job.common.EasyExcelItemReader;
import org.springframework.batch.core.*;
import org.springframework.batch.core.job.builder.JobBuilder;
import org.springframework.batch.core.launch.support.RunIdIncrementer;
import org.springframework.batch.core.repository.JobRepository;
import org.springframework.batch.core.step.builder.StepBuilder;
import org.springframework.batch.item.ItemProcessor;
import org.springframework.batch.item.ItemWriter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

/**
 * @Author zhx && moon
 * @Since 21
 * @Date 2025-06-24 PM 2:08
 */
@Component
public class SVCJob {

    /**
     * Excel 讀取
     * @return
     */
    @Bean("easyExcelItemReader")
    public EasyExcelItemReader<User> easyExcelItemReader() {
        return new EasyExcelItemReader<>(User.class, "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\Test.xlsx");
    }

    /**
     * 數(shù)據(jù)處理器 對(duì)讀取的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行加工
     * @return
     */
    @Bean("getNameProcessors")
    public ItemProcessor<User, String> getNameProcessors() {
        return item -> {
            return item.getName();
        };
    }

    /**
     * 配置寫(xiě)入器（保持不變）
     * @return
     */
    @Bean("nameWriter")
    public ItemWriter<String> nameWriter() {
        return items -> {
            for (String item : items) {
                System.out.println("User Name: " + item);
            }
        };
    }

    /**
     * 配置批處理步驟（使用新版API）
     * @param jobRepository
     * @param transactionManager
     * @param reader
     * @param processor
     * @param writer
     * @return
     */
    @Bean("easyExcelStep")
    public Step easyExcelStep(JobRepository jobRepository,
                           PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager,
                           @Qualifier("easyExcelItemReader") EasyExcelItemReader<User> reader,
                           @Qualifier("getNameProcessors") ItemProcessor<User, String> processor,
                           @Qualifier("nameWriter") ItemWriter<String> writer) {

        return new StepBuilder("easyExcelStep", jobRepository)
                .<User, String>chunk(100, transactionManager)
                .reader(reader)
                .processor(processor)
                .writer(writer)
                .faultTolerant()
                .skipLimit(1)
                .skip(IllegalArgumentException.class)
                .listener(new StepExecutionListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void beforeStep(StepExecution stepExecution) {
                        System.out.println("start to processor data ...");
                    }
                })
                .build();
    }


    /**
     * 配置批處理作業(yè)
     * @param jobRepository
     * @param importStep
     * @return
     */
    @Bean("easyExcelImportJobs")
    public Job customerImportJob(JobRepository jobRepository, @Qualifier("easyExcelStep") Step importStep) {

        return new JobBuilder("easyExcelImportJobs", jobRepository)
                .incrementer(new RunIdIncrementer())
                .start(importStep)
                .listener(new JobExecutionListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void afterJob(JobExecution jobExecution) {
                        System.out.println("Job Finished！State: " + jobExecution.getStatus());
                    }
                })
                .build();
    }

}

2.4數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)體

package org.example.entity;

import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.ExcelProperty;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

/**
 * @Author zhx && moon
 * @Since 21
 * @Date 2025-06-24 PM 2:20
 */
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {

    @ExcelProperty("姓名")
    private String name;

    @ExcelProperty("編號(hào)")
    private String employeeId;

    @ExcelProperty("年齡")
    private Integer age;

}

2.5 接口類

package org.example.controller;

import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.batch.core.Job;
import org.springframework.batch.core.JobParameters;
import org.springframework.batch.core.JobParametersBuilder;
import org.springframework.batch.core.launch.JobLauncher;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Author zhx && moon
 * @Since 21
 * @Date 2025-06-23 PM 4:40
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/job")
public class JobManage {

    @Autowired
    private JobLauncher jobLauncher;

    @Resource(name = "easyExcelImportJobs")
    Job job;

    @GetMapping("/start")
    public void start(){
        try {
            JobParameters params = new JobParametersBuilder()
                    .addLong("uniqueId", System.nanoTime())
                    .toJobParameters();
            jobLauncher.run(job, params);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }

    }

}

2.6 H2 配置

spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:h2:file:Z:/IdeaProjects/SpringBatcher/SpringBatcher/springbatchdb  #jdbc:h2:tcp://localhost/mem:springbatchdb;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1 #jdbc:h2:mem:springbatchdb
    driver-class-name: org.h2.Driver
    username: sa
    password: sa
  h2:
    console:
      enabled: true
      path: /h2/db-console
      settings:
        web-allow-others: true
  batch:
    jdbc:
      initialize-schema: always

2.7 H2 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)腳本

-- Autogenerated: do not edit this file

CREATE TABLE BATCH_JOB_INSTANCE  (
	JOB_INSTANCE_ID BIGINT GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY ,
	VERSION BIGINT ,
	JOB_NAME VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
	JOB_KEY VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
	constraint JOB_INST_UN unique (JOB_NAME, JOB_KEY)
) ;

CREATE TABLE BATCH_JOB_EXECUTION  (
	JOB_EXECUTION_ID BIGINT GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY ,
	VERSION BIGINT  ,
	JOB_INSTANCE_ID BIGINT NOT NULL,
	CREATE_TIME TIMESTAMP(9) NOT NULL,
	START_TIME TIMESTAMP(9) DEFAULT NULL ,
	END_TIME TIMESTAMP(9) DEFAULT NULL ,
	STATUS VARCHAR(10) ,
	EXIT_CODE VARCHAR(2500) ,
	EXIT_MESSAGE VARCHAR(2500) ,
	LAST_UPDATED TIMESTAMP(9),
	constraint JOB_INST_EXEC_FK foreign key (JOB_INSTANCE_ID)
	references BATCH_JOB_INSTANCE(JOB_INSTANCE_ID)
) ;

CREATE TABLE BATCH_JOB_EXECUTION_PARAMS  (
	JOB_EXECUTION_ID BIGINT NOT NULL ,
	PARAMETER_NAME VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL ,
	PARAMETER_TYPE VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL ,
	PARAMETER_VALUE VARCHAR(2500) ,
	IDENTIFYING CHAR(1) NOT NULL ,
	constraint JOB_EXEC_PARAMS_FK foreign key (JOB_EXECUTION_ID)
	references BATCH_JOB_EXECUTION(JOB_EXECUTION_ID)
) ;

CREATE TABLE BATCH_STEP_EXECUTION  (
	STEP_EXECUTION_ID BIGINT GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY ,
	VERSION BIGINT NOT NULL,
	STEP_NAME VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
	JOB_EXECUTION_ID BIGINT NOT NULL,
	CREATE_TIME TIMESTAMP(9) NOT NULL,
	START_TIME TIMESTAMP(9) DEFAULT NULL ,
	END_TIME TIMESTAMP(9) DEFAULT NULL ,
	STATUS VARCHAR(10) ,
	COMMIT_COUNT BIGINT ,
	READ_COUNT BIGINT ,
	FILTER_COUNT BIGINT ,
	WRITE_COUNT BIGINT ,
	READ_SKIP_COUNT BIGINT ,
	WRITE_SKIP_COUNT BIGINT ,
	PROCESS_SKIP_COUNT BIGINT ,
	ROLLBACK_COUNT BIGINT ,
	EXIT_CODE VARCHAR(2500) ,
	EXIT_MESSAGE VARCHAR(2500) ,
	LAST_UPDATED TIMESTAMP(9),
	constraint JOB_EXEC_STEP_FK foreign key (JOB_EXECUTION_ID)
	references BATCH_JOB_EXECUTION(JOB_EXECUTION_ID)
) ;

CREATE TABLE BATCH_STEP_EXECUTION_CONTEXT  (
	STEP_EXECUTION_ID BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
	SHORT_CONTEXT VARCHAR(2500) NOT NULL,
	SERIALIZED_CONTEXT LONGVARCHAR ,
	constraint STEP_EXEC_CTX_FK foreign key (STEP_EXECUTION_ID)
	references BATCH_STEP_EXECUTION(STEP_EXECUTION_ID)
) ;

CREATE TABLE BATCH_JOB_EXECUTION_CONTEXT  (
	JOB_EXECUTION_ID BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
	SHORT_CONTEXT VARCHAR(2500) NOT NULL,
	SERIALIZED_CONTEXT LONGVARCHAR ,
	constraint JOB_EXEC_CTX_FK foreign key (JOB_EXECUTION_ID)
	references BATCH_JOB_EXECUTION(JOB_EXECUTION_ID)
) ;

CREATE SEQUENCE BATCH_STEP_EXECUTION_SEQ;
CREATE SEQUENCE BATCH_JOB_EXECUTION_SEQ;
CREATE SEQUENCE BATCH_JOB_SEQ;