Java實現(xiàn)截取視頻第一幀的示例詳解

更新時間：2025年03月04日 09:31:23 作者：Javaの甘乃迪

在實際項目中,會遇到上傳視頻后,需要截取視頻的首幀或指定幀為圖片,作為展示使用的需求,下面小編就來為大家介紹一下如何使用Java實現(xiàn)截取視頻第一幀吧

前言

在實際項目中，會遇到上傳視頻后，需要截取視頻的首幀或指定幀為圖片，作為展示使用的需求。這個需求本身并不難，而且網(wǎng)上一搜一大把，今天就針對網(wǎng)上的部分方法做個總結(jié)。

一、通過Java借助第三方庫實現(xiàn)

1.引用ffmpeg

使用maven，導(dǎo)入pom依賴：

        <!-- 操作視頻流 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.bytedeco</groupId>
            <artifactId>javacpp</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.bytedeco</groupId>
            <artifactId>javacv</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.bytedeco.javacpp-presets</groupId>
            <artifactId>opencv-platform</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.1-1.4.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.bytedeco.javacpp-presets</groupId>
            <artifactId>ffmpeg-platform</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.2-1.4.1</version>
        </dependency>

工具類

import org.bytedeco.javacpp.opencv_core;
import org.bytedeco.javacpp.opencv_core.IplImage;
import org.bytedeco.javacv.FFmpegFrameGrabber;
import org.bytedeco.javacv.Frame;
import org.bytedeco.javacv.FrameGrabber.Exception;
import org.bytedeco.javacv.Java2DFrameConverter;
import org.bytedeco.javacv.OpenCVFrameConverter;
 
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 
/**
 * 視頻操作工具類
 */
@Slf4j
public class VideoUtils {
 
    /**
     * 截取視頻第一幀為圖片展示
     *
     * @param filePath       視頻路徑
     * @param targetFilePath 第一幀圖片存儲位置
     * @param targetFileName 圖片名稱
     */
    public static void getVideoFirstFrameImage(String filePath, String targetFilePath, String targetFileName) throws Exception {
        FFmpegFrameGrabber ff = FFmpegFrameGrabber.createDefault(filePath);
        ff.start();
        String rotate = ff.getVideoMetadata("rotate");
        Frame f;
        int i = 0;
        while (i < 1) {
            f = ff.grabImage();
            IplImage src;
            if (null != rotate && rotate.length() > 1) {
                OpenCVFrameConverter.ToIplImage converter = new OpenCVFrameConverter.ToIplImage();
                src = converter.convert(f);
                f = converter.convert(rotate(src, Integer.parseInt(rotate)));
            }
            doExecuteFrame(f, targetFilePath, targetFileName);
            i++;
        }
        ff.stop();
    }
 
    /**
     * 進(jìn)行旋轉(zhuǎn)角度操作（為了保證截取到的第一幀圖片與視頻中的角度方向保持一致）
     */
    public static IplImage rotate(IplImage src, int angle) {
        IplImage img = IplImage.create(src.height(), src.width(), src.depth(), src.nChannels());
        opencv_core.cvTranspose(src, img);
        opencv_core.cvFlip(img, img, angle);
        return img;
    }
 
    public static void doExecuteFrame(Frame f, String targetFilePath, String targetFileName) {
        if (null == f || null == f.image) {
            return;
        }
        Java2DFrameConverter converter = new Java2DFrameConverter();
        String imageMat = "jpg";
        String fileName = targetFilePath + File.separator + targetFileName + "." + imageMat;
        BufferedImage bi = converter.getBufferedImage(f);
        File output = new File(fileName);
        try {
            ImageIO.write(bi, imageMat, output);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String url = "C:\\Users\\admin\\Desktop\\test.mp4";
        getVideoFirstFrameImage(url, "C:\\Users\\admin\\Desktop", "first");
    }
 
}

2.引用jcodec

網(wǎng)上視頻截取第一幀的案例還是比較多的，普遍的方法主要是使用ffmpeg對其截取。在實踐過程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)在自己本地或在window上截取都是成功的。但在Linux 環(huán)境中截取失敗，這里將失敗內(nèi)容貼出來，供他人查看失敗原因

#
# A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment:
#
#  SIGSEGV (0xb) at pc=0x000000000000d1f6, pid=14, tid=0x00007fe8b67e6b10
#
# JRE version: OpenJDK Runtime Environment (8.0_212-b04) (build 1.8.0_212-b04)
# Java VM: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (25.212-b04 mixed mode linux-amd64 compressed oops)
# Derivative: IcedTea 3.12.0
# Distribution: Custom build (Sat May  4 17:33:35 UTC 2019)
# Problematic frame:
# C  0x000000000000d1f6
#
# Core dump written. Default location: //core or core.14
#
# If you would like to submit a bug report, please include
# instructions on how to reproduce the bug and visit:
#   https://icedtea.classpath.org/bugzilla
# The crash happened outside the Java Virtual Machine in native code.
# See problematic frame for where to report the bug.
#
 
---------------  T H R E A D  ---------------
 
Current thread (0x00005565ead9c800):  JavaThread "http-nio-8889-exec-9" daemon [_thread_in_native, id=109, stack(0x00007fe8b66e6000,0x00007fe8b67e6ad0)]
 
siginfo: si_signo: 11 (SIGSEGV), si_code: 1 (SEGV_MAPERR), si_addr: 0x000000000000d1f6
 
（省略部分）
 
Stack: [0x00007fe8b66e6000,0x00007fe8b67e6ad0],  sp=0x00007fe8b67e1558,  free space=1005k
Native frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code, C=native code)
C  0x000000000000d1f6
 
Java frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code)
j  org.bytedeco.javacpp.avformat.avformat_open_input(Lorg/bytedeco/javacpp/avformat$AVFormatContext;Ljava/lang/String;Lorg/bytedeco/javacpp/avformat$AVInputFormat;Lorg/bytedeco/javacpp/avutil$AVDictionary;)I+0
j  org.bytedeco.javacv.FFmpegFrameGrabber.startUnsafe()V+624
j  org.bytedeco.javacv.FFmpegFrameGrabber.start()V+1
j  com.megvii.qingqiu.middle.platform.provider.util.VideoFrameUtil.fetchFrame(Ljava/io/File;Ljava/io/File;)V+26
j  com.megvii.qingqiu.middle.platform.provider.util.VideoFrameUtil.fetchFrame(Lorg/springframework/web/multipart/MultipartFile;)Ljava/io/File;+148
j  
 
（省略部分）

現(xiàn)在將 ffmpeg 截取的方式改為 jcodec 和 jcodec-javase 來處理。

導(dǎo)入pom依賴：

  <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jcodec</groupId>
            <artifactId>jcodec</artifactId>
            <version>0.2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jcodec</groupId>
            <artifactId>jcodec-javase</artifactId>
            <version>0.2.5</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!--<dependency>
            <groupId>org.bytedeco</groupId>
            <artifactId>javacv</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.bytedeco</groupId>
            <artifactId>javacpp</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.bytedeco.javacpp-presets</groupId>
            <artifactId>opencv-platform</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.1-1.4.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.bytedeco.javacpp-presets</groupId>
            <artifactId>ffmpeg-platform</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.2-1.4.1</version>
        </dependency>-->

工具類

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.jcodec.api.FrameGrab;
import org.jcodec.api.JCodecException;
import org.jcodec.common.model.Picture;
import org.jcodec.scale.AWTUtil;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
 
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.UUID;
 
/**
 * 視頻操作工具類
 */
@Slf4j
public class VideoUtils {
 
    /*** 圖片格式*/
    private static final String FILE_EXT = "jpg";
 
    /*** 幀數(shù)*/
    private static final int THUMB_FRAME = 5;
 
    /**
     * 獲取指定視頻的幀并保存為圖片至指定目錄
     *
     * @param videoFilePath 源視頻文件路徑
     * @param frameFilePath 截取幀的圖片存放路徑
     */
    public static void fetchFrame(String videoFilePath, String frameFilePath) throws Exception {
        File videoFile = new File(videoFilePath);
        File frameFile = new File(frameFilePath);
        getThumbnail(videoFile, frameFile);
    }
 
    /**
     * 獲取指定視頻的幀并保存為圖片至指定目錄
     *
     * @param videoFile  源視頻文件
     * @param targetFile 截取幀的圖片
     */
    public static void fetchFrame(MultipartFile videoFile, File targetFile) throws Exception {
        File file = new File(videoFile.getName());
        FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(videoFile.getInputStream(), file);
        getThumbnail(file, targetFile);
    }
 
    /**
     * 獲取指定視頻的幀并保存為圖片至指定目錄
     *
     * @param videoFile 源視頻文件
     */
    public static File fetchFrame(MultipartFile videoFile) {
        String originalFilename = videoFile.getOriginalFilename();
        File file = new File(originalFilename);
        File targetFile = null;
        try {
            FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(videoFile.getInputStream(), file);
 
            int i = originalFilename.lastIndexOf(".");
            String imageName;
 
            if (i > 0) {
                imageName = originalFilename.substring(0, i);
            } else {
                imageName = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "");
            }
            imageName = imageName + ".jpg";
            targetFile = new File(imageName);
            getThumbnail(file, targetFile);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("獲取視頻指定幀異常：", e);
        } finally {
            if (file.exists()) {
                file.delete();
            }
        }
        log.debug("視頻文件 - 幀截取 - 處理結(jié)束");
        return targetFile;
    }
 
    /**
     * 獲取第一幀縮略圖
     *
     * @param videoFile  視頻路徑
     * @param targetFile 縮略圖目標(biāo)路徑
     */
    public static void getThumbnail(File videoFile, File targetFile) {
        try {
            // 根據(jù)擴(kuò)展名創(chuàng)建一個新文件路徑
            Picture picture = FrameGrab.getFrameFromFile(videoFile, THUMB_FRAME);
            BufferedImage bufferedImage = AWTUtil.toBufferedImage(picture);
            ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, FILE_EXT, targetFile);
        } catch (IOException | JCodecException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            log.error("獲取第一幀縮略圖異常：", e);
        }
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            getThumbnail(new File("C:\\Users\\admin\\Desktop\\test.mp4"), new File("C:\\Users\\admin\\Desktop\\test.jpg"));
            System.out.println("截取圖片耗時：" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
}