#include <iostream>  
#include <functional>  

void myFunction(int x) {  
    std::cout << "Function called with: " << x << std::endl;  
}  

int main() {  
    std::function<void(int)> func = myFunction; // 包裝普通函數(shù)  

    func(10); // 輸出: Function called with: 10  

    // 也可以包裝 Lambda 表達(dá)式  
    func = [](int y) {  
        std::cout << "Lambda called with: " << y << std::endl;  
    };  

    func(20); // 輸出: Lambda called with: 20  

    return 0;  
}

#include <iostream>  
#include <functional>  

int add(int a, int b) {  
    return a + b;  
}  

struct Multiply {  
    int operator()(int a, int b) const {  
        return a * b;  
    }  
};  

int main() {  
    std::function<int(int, int)> func;  

    // 包裝普通函數(shù)  
    func = add;  
    std::cout << "Add: " << func(3, 4) << std::endl; // 輸出: Add: 7  

    // 包裝函數(shù)對(duì)象  
    func = Multiply();  
    std::cout << "Multiply: " << func(3, 4) << std::endl; // 輸出: Multiply: 12  

    // 包裝 Lambda 表達(dá)式  
    func = [](int a, int b) { return a - b; };  
    std::cout << "Subtract: " << func(10, 4) << std::endl; // 輸出: Subtract: 6  

    return 0;  
}

#include <iostream>  
#include <functional>  

int main() {  
    // 使用 Lambda 表達(dá)式的類型推導(dǎo)  
    auto lambda = [](int x) { return x * 2; };  
    std::function<int(int)> func = lambda;  

    std::cout << "Lambda result: " << func(5) << std::endl; // 輸出: Lambda result: 10  

    return 0;  
}

#include <iostream>  
#include <functional>  

void print(int x, int y) {  
    std::cout << "x: " << x << ", y: " << y << std::endl;  
}  

int main() {  
    // 使用 std::bind 綁定部分參數(shù)  
    auto boundFunc = std::bind(print, 10, std::placeholders::_1);  
    
    // `boundFunc` 現(xiàn)在只需要一個(gè)參數(shù)  
    boundFunc(20); // 輸出: x: 10, y: 20  

    return 0;  
}

#include <iostream>  
#include <functional>  
#include <thread>  

void asyncTask(int id) {  
    std::cout << "Task " << id << " is running." << std::endl;  
}  

int main() {  
    // 聲明 std::function  
    std::function<void(int)> task = asyncTask;  

    // 創(chuàng)建新線程  
    std::thread t(task, 1);  
    t.join(); // 等待線程結(jié)束  

    return 0;  
}