maven父子工程中的依賴引用的實(shí)現(xiàn)

更新時(shí)間：2024年10月29日 09:09:17 作者：峰晨樸樸

本文主要介紹了Maven父子工程中的依賴引用的實(shí)現(xiàn),包括<dependencyManagement>和<dependencies>兩個(gè)標(biāo)簽的使用,以及父子pom文件的配置,感興趣的可以了解一下

簡(jiǎn)述

項(xiàng)目越來越趨向模塊化開發(fā)，使用maven構(gòu)建工程，必然涉及到父子pom的關(guān)聯(lián)，父pom文件的父級(jí)又會(huì)繼承springboot項(xiàng)目，就這樣在開發(fā)中踩坑不少，簡(jiǎn)單記錄一下。

看問題之前先了解maven中的兩個(gè)標(biāo)簽<dependencyManagement>和<dependencies>，明白的直接跳過。

maven標(biāo)簽

1、<dependencyManagement>這里其實(shí)是起到管理依賴jar版本號(hào)的作用，一般只會(huì)在項(xiàng)目的最頂層的pom.xml中使用到，所有子module如果想要使用到這里面聲明的jar，只需要在子module中添加相應(yīng)的groupId和artifactId即可，并不需要聲明版本號(hào)，需要注意的是這里面只是聲明一個(gè)依賴，并不是真實(shí)的下載jar，只有在子module中使用到，才會(huì)去下載依賴。

2、<dependencies>我們是這里引入了一個(gè)jar包之后，這里如果沒有加上version版本號(hào)的話，那么maven就會(huì)去<dependencyManagement>里找對(duì)應(yīng)groupId和artifactId的jar,如果有就繼承他，如果沒有就會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)，這時(shí)候其實(shí)在我們配置的本地倉(cāng)庫(kù)中會(huì)真實(shí)的下載對(duì)應(yīng)的jar包，這時(shí)候所有的子module都會(huì)默認(rèn)繼承這里面所有聲明的jar。

總的來說，就是在中聲明依賴和版本號(hào)，該標(biāo)簽中的依賴不會(huì)被子模塊繼承，僅僅是聲明，子pom中直接引入依賴，具體的版本號(hào)會(huì)在父子中去找。

父pom的packaging都是pom，子項(xiàng)目pom的packaging都是jar。關(guān)于在父子配置pom的引用有兩種方案，這里以springboot項(xiàng)目為例說明問題。

第一種pom配置

我們希望在父pom中引入相關(guān)依賴，都記錄在<dependencies>下，子模塊直接繼承父pom的依賴，在子模塊中開發(fā)中就不必再去引入依賴，但在項(xiàng)目中有模塊可能就是單一的工具包，它并不需要springboot的依賴，這時(shí)候啟動(dòng)就會(huì)沖突?？梢赃@樣解決，在父pom中定義springboot版本號(hào)，子模塊作為項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)的模塊配置springboot插件依賴，普通的dao，serivce，common不必引入。如下配置文件，文件中只列舉個(gè)別依賴包，重在說明問題：

父pom.xml配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.demo</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo-api</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <modules>
        <module>demo-web</module>
        <module>demo-common</module>
        <module>demo-service</module>
    </modules>
    <properties>
        <spring-boot.version>2.1.8.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <fastjson.version>1.2.47</fastjson.version>
        <pagehelper.version>5.1.6</pagehelper.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
		<!--這兩個(gè)依賴都將被子模塊繼承-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>${fastjson.version}</version>
        </dependency>
		<dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
            <artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId>
            <version>${pagehelper.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>8</source>
                    <target>8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>dev</id>
            <properties>
                <package.environment>dev</package.environment>
            </properties>
            <!-- 是否默認(rèn) true表示默認(rèn)-->
            <activation>
                <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
            </activation>
        </profile>
        <profile>
            <!-- 測(cè)試環(huán)境 -->
            <id>test</id>
            <properties>
                <package.environment>test</package.environment>
            </properties>
        </profile>
        <profile>
            <!-- 生產(chǎn)環(huán)境 -->
            <id>prod</id>
            <properties>
                <package.environment>prod</package.environment>
            </properties>
        </profile>
    </profiles>
</project>

普通子模塊pom.xml配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>demo-api</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.demo</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.demo.common</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo-common</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>demo-common</name>
    <description>demo-common project</description>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
</project>

啟動(dòng)類子模塊pom.xml配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.demo</groupId>
        <artifactId>demo-api</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.demo.web</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo-web</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>demo-web</name>
    <description>demo-web project</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
		<!--引入子模塊相關(guān)jar -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.demo.common</groupId>
            <artifactId>demo-common</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.myway.service</groupId>
            <artifactId>share-read-service</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <!--重要 如果不設(shè)置resource 會(huì)導(dǎo)致application.yaml中的@@找不到pom文件中的配置-->
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
        <plugins>
			<!--僅在啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目中引入springboot插件 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>repackage</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

第二種pom配置

將所有的依賴在父pom的中聲明，子模塊把需要的都引入一遍：

父pom.xml配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.demo</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <version>3.0.0</version>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <druid.version>1.1.14</druid.version>
        <pagehelper.boot.version>1.2.5</pagehelper.boot.version>
        <fastjson.version>1.2.70</fastjson.version>
    </properties>
    <!-- 依賴聲明 -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- SpringBoot的依賴配置-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--阿里數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${druid.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- pagehelper 分頁插件 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
                <artifactId>pagehelper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${pagehelper.boot.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <modules>
        <module>demo-web</module>
        <module>demo-common</module>
    </modules>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <dependencies>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>${java.version}</source>
                    <target>${java.version}</target>
                    <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>public</id>
            <name>aliyun nexus</name>
            <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
            <releases>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </releases>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
    <pluginRepositories>
        <pluginRepository>
            <id>public</id>
            <name>aliyun nexus</name>
            <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
            <releases>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </releases>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </pluginRepository>
    </pluginRepositories>
	<profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>dev</id>
            <properties>
                <package.environment>dev</package.environment>
            </properties>
            <!-- 是否默認(rèn) true表示默認(rèn)-->
            <activation>
                <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
            </activation>
        </profile>
        <profile>
            <!-- 測(cè)試環(huán)境 -->
            <id>test</id>
            <properties>
                <package.environment>test</package.environment>
            </properties>
        </profile>
        <profile>
            <!-- 生產(chǎn)環(huán)境 -->
            <id>prod</id>
            <properties>
                <package.environment>prod</package.environment>
            </properties>
        </profile>
    </profiles>
</project>

普通子模塊pom.xml配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.demo</groupId>
        <version>1.0.0</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>demo-system</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.demo</groupId>
            <artifactId>demo-common</artifactId>
        </dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
			<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
			<artifactId>pagehelper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
		</dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

啟動(dòng)類子模塊pom.xml配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.demo</groupId>
        <version>3.0.0</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <artifactId>demo-admin</artifactId>
    <description>
        web服務(wù)
    </description>
    <dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
			<groupId>com.demo</groupId>
			<version>1.0.0</version>
		</dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version>
                <configuration>
                    <fork>true</fork> <!-- 如果沒有該配置，devtools不會(huì)生效 -->
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>repackage</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
                    <warName>${project.artifactId}</warName>
                </configuration>
           </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

以上是個(gè)人在構(gòu)建項(xiàng)目中總結(jié)出來的，可供參考，重在理解。

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