Python經(jīng)典面試題與參考答案集錦
一些面試題
1.列表的遍歷問題(0507)
list_1 = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50] # 不能對(duì)一個(gè)列表同時(shí)進(jìn)行 遍歷 和 增刪元素 for element in list_1: print(element) if element == 30 or element == 40: list_1.remove(element) print(list_1)
# 改進(jìn) temp_list = list() # 先遍歷列表,記錄下需要增刪的元素 for element in list_1: print(element) if element == 30 or element == 40: temp_list.append(element) # 遍歷完列表,再對(duì)需要增刪的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行逐一處理 for element in temp_list: list_1.remove(element) print(list_1)
2.字典排序 (0530)
# 題目1
# 按照score的值進(jìn)行排序。
list_a = [
{"name": "p1", "score": 100},
{"name": "p2", "score": 10},
{"name": "p3", "score": 30},
{"name": "p4", "score": 40},
{"name": "p5", "score": 60},
]
print(sorted(list_a, key=lambda a: a["score"], reverse=False))
# 題目2 # 一行代碼 通過filter 和 lambda 函數(shù)輸出以下列表索引為奇數(shù)的對(duì)應(yīng)的元素 list_b = [12, 232, 22, 2, 2, 3, 22, 22, 32]
方法一:
new_list=[x[1] for x in fliter(lambdy x:x[0]%2==1,enumerate(list_b))]
方法二:
for index, element in enumerate(list_b):
print("") if index % 2 == 0 else print(element)
3.給定三個(gè)整數(shù) a, b, c 求和 ,求和之前需要?jiǎng)h除里面相同的整數(shù)
示例:
loneSum(1, 2, 3) -> 6
loneSum(3, 2, 3) -> 2
loneSum(3, 3, 3) -> 0
loneSum1 = (1, 2, 3)
loneSum2 = (3, 2, 3)
loneSum3 = (3, 3, 3)
counter = int()
for element in loneSum1:
if loneSum1.count(element) == 1:
counter += element
print(counter)
4.給出一個(gè)字符串,找出頭尾的鏡像字符串,即從頭正序,從尾倒敘相同的字符串;
示例:
mirrorEnds("abXYZba") -> "ab"
mirrorEnds("abca") -> "a"
mirrorEnds("aba") -> "aba"
def main(source_str):
reverse_str = source_str[::-1]
for i in range(len(source_str)):
if reverse_str[:(i+1)] != source_str[:(i+1)]:
return source_str[:i]
if reverse_str == source_str:
return source_str
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(main(mirrorEnds))
5.給定一個(gè)整數(shù)系列 N1, N2…;以及整數(shù)M, M是整數(shù)系列中的最大數(shù); 從整數(shù)系列中取三個(gè)數(shù), 可以重復(fù)取,要求三個(gè)數(shù)的和為M。 求所有的可能結(jié)果, 并剔除具有相同的結(jié)果,得到排序不同的結(jié)果。
示例:數(shù)列N: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15], 和 M 為17, 返回結(jié)果是
[1, 1, 15], [1, 3, 13], [1, 5, 11], [1, 7, 9], [3, 3, 11], [3, 5, 9], [3, 7, 7], [5, 5, 7]
num_list = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15]
M = 17
for i in range(len(num_list)):
for j in range(i, len(num_list)):
for k in range(j, len(num_list)):
if num_list[i] + num_list[j] + num_list[k] == M:
print((num_list[i], num_list[j], num_list[k]))
6.MRO繼承的問題
求三次輸出的 Parent.x, Child1.x, Child2.x 分別是多少?
lass Parent(object): x = 1 class Child1(Parent): pass class Child2(Parent): pass print(Parent.x, Child1.x, Child2.x) Child1.x = 2 print(Parent.x, Child1.x, Child2.x) Parent.x = 3 print(Parent.x, Child1.x, Child2.x) # 提示:print(Child1.__mro__) #答案:1,1,1 1,2,1 3,2,3
7.參數(shù)傳遞的問題
第一題
class Counter():
def __init__(self, count=0):
self.count = count
def main():
c = Counter()
c.name = "zhangsan"
times = 0
for i in range(10):
increment(c, times)
print("count is {0}".format(c.count))
print("times is {0}".format(times))
def increment(c, times):
times += 1
c.count += 1
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
#答案:
# count is 10
# times is 0
第二題
class Count(object):
def __init__(self, count=0):
self.count = count
def main():
c = Count()
n = 1
m(c, n)
print("count is {0}".format(c.count))
print("n is {0}".format(n))
def m(c, n):
c = Count(5)
n = 3
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
#答案:
# count is 0
# n is 1
8.裝飾器/閉包面試題(0615)
def outFun(a): def inFun(x): return a * x return inFun flist1 = [outFun(a) for a in range(3)] for func in flist1: print(func(1)) # fist2 = [lambda x:a*x for a in range(3)] flist2 = [lambda x:a*x for a in range(4)] for func in flist2: print(func(2)) # 答案: 0 1 2, 6 6 6 6
9.字典排序題(zrc)
s = [{1: "a"}, {3: "c"}, {2: "b"}]
請(qǐng)按照字母acsii碼排序
print(sorted(s, key = lambda x: tuple(x.values())[0]))
或
print(sorted(s, key = lambda x: list(x.values())[0]))
sorted 語法:
sorted(iterable[, cmp[, key[, reverse]]])
參數(shù)說明:
- iterable -- 可迭代對(duì)象。
- cmp -- 比較的函數(shù),這個(gè)具有兩個(gè)參數(shù),參數(shù)的值都是從可迭代對(duì)象中取出,此函數(shù)必須遵守的規(guī)則為,大于則返回1,小于則返回-1,等于則返回0。
- key -- 主要是用來進(jìn)行比較的元素,只有一個(gè)參數(shù),具體的函數(shù)的參數(shù)就是取自于可迭代對(duì)象中,指定可迭代對(duì)象中的一個(gè)元素來進(jìn)行排序。
- reverse -- 排序規(guī)則,reverse = True 降序 , reverse = False 升序(默認(rèn))。
返回重新排序的列表。
10.冒泡排序題(zrc)
def sor():
li=[{1:"b"},{3:"c"},{2:"a"}]
for i in range(len(li)):
for j in range(len(li) - i - 1):
v1 = [value for value in list(li[j].values())][0]
v2 = [value for value in list(li[j+1].values())][0]
print(v1,v2)
if v1 > v2:
li[j],li[j+1] = li[j+1],li[j]
return li
ret = sor()
print(ret)
11.二分法查找(zrc)
def bin_search(data_set, value):
low = 0; high = len(data_set) - 1
while True:
mid = (low + high) // 2
if data_set[mid] > value:
high = mid - 1
elif data_set[mid] < value:
low = mid + 1
else:
a = b = mid
while data_set[a] == value and a >= 0:
a -= 1
while data_set[b] == value and b < len(data_set) - 1:
b += 1
return (a+1, b)
ret = bin_search([8,8,8,8], 8)
print(ret)
12.a=[1,2,3,4,5,6],打印出所有以偶數(shù)為key,奇數(shù)為值的字典
print({key: value for key, value in zip([i for i in a if i % 2 == 0], [i for i in a if i % 2 != 0])})
13.寫一個(gè)函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)階乘
def factorial(num):
counter = 1
for i in range(1, num+1):
counter *= i
return counter
print(factorial(5))
14.有字符串a(chǎn)=‘hsfbsadgasdgvnhhhadhaskdhwqhcjasd’,求出現(xiàn)次數(shù)最多的前四個(gè)
第一種解法:
def search(a):
# 省略校驗(yàn)邏輯
# 生成包含 element 和 count 數(shù)據(jù)的集合
data_set = {(element, count) for element, count in zip(a, [a.count(i) for i in a])}
print(data_set)
# 轉(zhuǎn)換成列表類型,進(jìn)行倒序排序
data_list = list(data_set)
new_data_list = sorted(data_list, key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
# 取出前四名
new_data_list = new_data_list[0:4]
# 拼接字符串
return "".join([i[0] for i in new_data_list])
print(search(a))
第二種簡(jiǎn)單解法:
a = 'hsfbsadgasdgvnhhhadhaskdhwqhcjasd'
# 導(dǎo)入Counter模塊
from collections import Counter
# 創(chuàng)建對(duì)象
count = Counter(a)
# 獲取出現(xiàn)頻率最高的四個(gè)字符
print(count.most_common(4))
# 輸出:[('h', 7), ('s', 5), ('a', 5), ('d', 5)]
15.sorted排序
if other_allocated_amount:
data_list.append({
"shop_id": 0,
"shop_name": "其他",
"destination": 2,
"current_storage": 0,
"demand_amount": 0,
"allocated_amount": other_allocated_amount,
"priority": 0,
"negative_order": 0
})
# 按優(yōu)先級(jí)排序
data_list = sorted(data_list, key=lambda d: d["priority"], reverse=True)
shop_order = {"倉(cāng)庫": -999, "總部": 1, "劉園": 2, "侯臺(tái)": 3,
"咸水沽": 4, "華明": 5,
"大港": 6, "楊村": 7, "新立": 8, "大寺": 9, "漢沽": 10,
"滄州": 11, "靜海": 13, "蘆臺(tái)": 14, "工農(nóng)村": 15, "唐山": 16, "廊坊": 17,
"哈爾濱": 18, "西青道": 19, "雙鴨山": 20, "承德": 21,
"張胖子": 22, "固安": 23, "燕郊": 24, "勝芳": 25, "薊縣": 26, }
data_list = sorted(data_list, key=lambda d: shop_order.get(d["shop_name"], 999))
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