MySQL 庫的操作案例之從創(chuàng)建配置到備份恢復
更新時間：2025年10月10日 11:09:16 作者：“.Yuki.～”
主要介紹MySQL庫創(chuàng)建、字符集配置、查改刪備及監(jiān)控,附實戰(zhàn)案例與避坑要點,覆蓋核心操作,本文就從實戰(zhàn)角度出發(fā),把MySQL庫操作的核心知識點講透,感興趣的朋友跟隨小編一起看看吧
1 創(chuàng)建數據庫
1.1 語法
創(chuàng)建數據庫的語法如下：
CREATE DATABASE [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name [create_specification [, create_specification] ...] create_specification: [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET charset_name [DEFAULT] COLLATE collation_name
其中，大寫部分為關鍵字，[]內的內容為可選項；CHARACTER SET用于指定數據庫采用的字符集，COLLATE用于指定數據庫字符集的校驗規(guī)則。
2 創(chuàng)建數據庫案例
- 創(chuàng)建名為
db1的數據庫，語句為create database db1;。當創(chuàng)建數據庫未指定字符集和校驗規(guī)則時，系統(tǒng)默認使用字符集utf8，校驗規(guī)則為utf8_general_ci。 - 創(chuàng)建使用
utf8字符集的db2數據庫，語句為create database db2 charset=utf8;。 - 創(chuàng)建使用
utf8字符集且?guī)σ?guī)則的db3數據庫，語句為create database db3 charset=utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;。
這里新建一個test數據庫，采用utf8編碼：
3 字符集和校驗規(guī)則
3.1 查看系統(tǒng)默認字符集以及校驗規(guī)則
查看系統(tǒng)默認字符集的語句為show variables like 'character_set_database';，查看系統(tǒng)默認校驗規(guī)則的語句為show variables like 'collation_database';。
3.2 查看數據庫支持的字符集
查看數據庫支持的字符集的語句為show charset;，字符集主要用于控制使用的語言，例如utf8可支持中文。
mysql> show charset;show collation; +----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen | +----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 | | dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 | | cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 | | hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 | | koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 | | latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 | | latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 | | swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 | | ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 | | ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 | | sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 | | hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 | | tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 | | euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 | | koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 | | gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 | | greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 | | cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 | | gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 | | latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 | | armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 | | utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 | | ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 | | cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 | | keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 | | macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 | | macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 | | cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 | | latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 | | utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 | | cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 | | utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 | | utf16le | UTF-16LE Unicode | utf16le_general_ci | 4 | | cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 | | cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 | | utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 | | binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 | | geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 | | cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 | | eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 | | gb18030 | China National Standard GB18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci | 4 | +----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+ 41 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.3 查看數據庫支持的字符集校驗規(guī)則
查看數據庫支持的字符集校驗規(guī)則的語句為show collation;。
mysql> show collation; +--------------------------+----------+-----+---------+----------+---------+ | Collation | Charset | Id | Default | Compiled | Sortlen | +--------------------------+----------+-----+---------+----------+---------+ | big5_chinese_ci | big5 | 1 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | big5_bin | big5 | 84 | | Yes | 1 | | dec8_swedish_ci | dec8 | 3 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | dec8_bin | dec8 | 69 | | Yes | 1 | | cp850_general_ci | cp850 | 4 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | cp850_bin | cp850 | 80 | | Yes | 1 | | hp8_english_ci | hp8 | 6 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | hp8_bin | hp8 | 72 | | Yes | 1 | | koi8r_general_ci | koi8r | 7 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | koi8r_bin | koi8r | 74 | | Yes | 1 | | latin1_german1_ci | latin1 | 5 | | Yes | 1 | | latin1_swedish_ci | latin1 | 8 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | latin1_danish_ci | latin1 | 15 | | Yes | 1 | | latin1_german2_ci | latin1 | 31 | | Yes | 2 | | latin1_bin | latin1 | 47 | | Yes | 1 | | latin1_general_ci | latin1 | 48 | | Yes | 1 | | latin1_general_cs | latin1 | 49 | | Yes | 1 | | latin1_spanish_ci | latin1 | 94 | | Yes | 1 | | latin2_czech_cs | latin2 | 2 | | Yes | 4 | | latin2_general_ci | latin2 | 9 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | latin2_hungarian_ci | latin2 | 21 | | Yes | 1 | | latin2_croatian_ci | latin2 | 27 | | Yes | 1 | | latin2_bin | latin2 | 77 | | Yes | 1 | | swe7_swedish_ci | swe7 | 10 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | swe7_bin | swe7 | 82 | | Yes | 1 | | ascii_general_ci | ascii | 11 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | ascii_bin | ascii | 65 | | Yes | 1 | | ujis_japanese_ci | ujis | 12 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | ujis_bin | ujis | 91 | | Yes | 1 | | sjis_japanese_ci | sjis | 13 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | sjis_bin | sjis | 88 | | Yes | 1 | | hebrew_general_ci | hebrew | 16 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | hebrew_bin | hebrew | 71 | | Yes | 1 | | tis620_thai_ci | tis620 | 18 | Yes | Yes | 4 | | tis620_bin | tis620 | 89 | | Yes | 1 | | euckr_korean_ci | euckr | 19 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | euckr_bin | euckr | 85 | | Yes | 1 | | koi8u_general_ci | koi8u | 22 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | koi8u_bin | koi8u | 75 | | Yes | 1 | | gb2312_chinese_ci | gb2312 | 24 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | gb2312_bin | gb2312 | 86 | | Yes | 1 | | greek_general_ci | greek | 25 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | greek_bin | greek | 70 | | Yes | 1 | | cp1250_general_ci | cp1250 | 26 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | cp1250_czech_cs | cp1250 | 34 | | Yes | 2 | | cp1250_croatian_ci | cp1250 | 44 | | Yes | 1 | | cp1250_bin | cp1250 | 66 | | Yes | 1 | | cp1250_polish_ci | cp1250 | 99 | | Yes | 1 | | gbk_chinese_ci | gbk | 28 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | gbk_bin | gbk | 87 | | Yes | 1 | | latin5_turkish_ci | latin5 | 30 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | latin5_bin | latin5 | 78 | | Yes | 1 | | armscii8_general_ci | armscii8 | 32 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | armscii8_bin | armscii8 | 64 | | Yes | 1 | | utf8_general_ci | utf8 | 33 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | utf8_bin | utf8 | 83 | | Yes | 1 | | utf8_unicode_ci | utf8 | 192 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_icelandic_ci | utf8 | 193 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_latvian_ci | utf8 | 194 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_romanian_ci | utf8 | 195 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_slovenian_ci | utf8 | 196 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_polish_ci | utf8 | 197 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_estonian_ci | utf8 | 198 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_spanish_ci | utf8 | 199 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_swedish_ci | utf8 | 200 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_turkish_ci | utf8 | 201 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_czech_ci | utf8 | 202 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_danish_ci | utf8 | 203 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_lithuanian_ci | utf8 | 204 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_slovak_ci | utf8 | 205 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_spanish2_ci | utf8 | 206 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_roman_ci | utf8 | 207 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_persian_ci | utf8 | 208 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_esperanto_ci | utf8 | 209 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_hungarian_ci | utf8 | 210 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_sinhala_ci | utf8 | 211 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_german2_ci | utf8 | 212 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_croatian_ci | utf8 | 213 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_unicode_520_ci | utf8 | 214 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_vietnamese_ci | utf8 | 215 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_general_mysql500_ci | utf8 | 223 | | Yes | 1 | | ucs2_general_ci | ucs2 | 35 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | ucs2_bin | ucs2 | 90 | | Yes | 1 | | ucs2_unicode_ci | ucs2 | 128 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_icelandic_ci | ucs2 | 129 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_latvian_ci | ucs2 | 130 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_romanian_ci | ucs2 | 131 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_slovenian_ci | ucs2 | 132 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_polish_ci | ucs2 | 133 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_estonian_ci | ucs2 | 134 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_spanish_ci | ucs2 | 135 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_swedish_ci | ucs2 | 136 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_turkish_ci | ucs2 | 137 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_czech_ci | ucs2 | 138 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_danish_ci | ucs2 | 139 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_lithuanian_ci | ucs2 | 140 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_slovak_ci | ucs2 | 141 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_spanish2_ci | ucs2 | 142 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_roman_ci | ucs2 | 143 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_persian_ci | ucs2 | 144 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_esperanto_ci | ucs2 | 145 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_hungarian_ci | ucs2 | 146 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_sinhala_ci | ucs2 | 147 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_german2_ci | ucs2 | 148 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_croatian_ci | ucs2 | 149 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_unicode_520_ci | ucs2 | 150 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_vietnamese_ci | ucs2 | 151 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_general_mysql500_ci | ucs2 | 159 | | Yes | 1 | | cp866_general_ci | cp866 | 36 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | cp866_bin | cp866 | 68 | | Yes | 1 | | keybcs2_general_ci | keybcs2 | 37 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | keybcs2_bin | keybcs2 | 73 | | Yes | 1 | | macce_general_ci | macce | 38 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | macce_bin | macce | 43 | | Yes | 1 | | macroman_general_ci | macroman | 39 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | macroman_bin | macroman | 53 | | Yes | 1 | | cp852_general_ci | cp852 | 40 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | cp852_bin | cp852 | 81 | | Yes | 1 | | latin7_estonian_cs | latin7 | 20 | | Yes | 1 | | latin7_general_ci | latin7 | 41 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | latin7_general_cs | latin7 | 42 | | Yes | 1 | | latin7_bin | latin7 | 79 | | Yes | 1 | | utf8mb4_general_ci | utf8mb4 | 45 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | utf8mb4_bin | utf8mb4 | 46 | | Yes | 1 | | utf8mb4_unicode_ci | utf8mb4 | 224 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_icelandic_ci | utf8mb4 | 225 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_latvian_ci | utf8mb4 | 226 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_romanian_ci | utf8mb4 | 227 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_slovenian_ci | utf8mb4 | 228 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_polish_ci | utf8mb4 | 229 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_estonian_ci | utf8mb4 | 230 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_spanish_ci | utf8mb4 | 231 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_swedish_ci | utf8mb4 | 232 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_turkish_ci | utf8mb4 | 233 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_czech_ci | utf8mb4 | 234 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_danish_ci | utf8mb4 | 235 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_lithuanian_ci | utf8mb4 | 236 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_slovak_ci | utf8mb4 | 237 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_spanish2_ci | utf8mb4 | 238 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_roman_ci | utf8mb4 | 239 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_persian_ci | utf8mb4 | 240 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_esperanto_ci | utf8mb4 | 241 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_hungarian_ci | utf8mb4 | 242 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_sinhala_ci | utf8mb4 | 243 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_german2_ci | utf8mb4 | 244 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_croatian_ci | utf8mb4 | 245 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci | utf8mb4 | 246 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_vietnamese_ci | utf8mb4 | 247 | | Yes | 8 | | cp1251_bulgarian_ci | cp1251 | 14 | | Yes | 1 | | cp1251_ukrainian_ci | cp1251 | 23 | | Yes | 1 | | cp1251_bin | cp1251 | 50 | | Yes | 1 | | cp1251_general_ci | cp1251 | 51 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | cp1251_general_cs | cp1251 | 52 | | Yes | 1 | | utf16_general_ci | utf16 | 54 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | utf16_bin | utf16 | 55 | | Yes | 1 | | utf16_unicode_ci | utf16 | 101 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_icelandic_ci | utf16 | 102 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_latvian_ci | utf16 | 103 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_romanian_ci | utf16 | 104 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_slovenian_ci | utf16 | 105 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_polish_ci | utf16 | 106 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_estonian_ci | utf16 | 107 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_spanish_ci | utf16 | 108 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_swedish_ci | utf16 | 109 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_turkish_ci | utf16 | 110 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_czech_ci | utf16 | 111 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_danish_ci | utf16 | 112 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_lithuanian_ci | utf16 | 113 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_slovak_ci | utf16 | 114 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_spanish2_ci | utf16 | 115 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_roman_ci | utf16 | 116 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_persian_ci | utf16 | 117 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_esperanto_ci | utf16 | 118 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_hungarian_ci | utf16 | 119 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_sinhala_ci | utf16 | 120 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_german2_ci | utf16 | 121 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_croatian_ci | utf16 | 122 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_unicode_520_ci | utf16 | 123 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_vietnamese_ci | utf16 | 124 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16le_general_ci | utf16le | 56 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | utf16le_bin | utf16le | 62 | | Yes | 1 | | cp1256_general_ci | cp1256 | 57 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | cp1256_bin | cp1256 | 67 | | Yes | 1 | | cp1257_lithuanian_ci | cp1257 | 29 | | Yes | 1 | | cp1257_bin | cp1257 | 58 | | Yes | 1 | | cp1257_general_ci | cp1257 | 59 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | utf32_general_ci | utf32 | 60 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | utf32_bin | utf32 | 61 | | Yes | 1 | | utf32_unicode_ci | utf32 | 160 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_icelandic_ci | utf32 | 161 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_latvian_ci | utf32 | 162 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_romanian_ci | utf32 | 163 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_slovenian_ci | utf32 | 164 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_polish_ci | utf32 | 165 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_estonian_ci | utf32 | 166 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_spanish_ci | utf32 | 167 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_swedish_ci | utf32 | 168 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_turkish_ci | utf32 | 169 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_czech_ci | utf32 | 170 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_danish_ci | utf32 | 171 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_lithuanian_ci | utf32 | 172 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_slovak_ci | utf32 | 173 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_spanish2_ci | utf32 | 174 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_roman_ci | utf32 | 175 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_persian_ci | utf32 | 176 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_esperanto_ci | utf32 | 177 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_hungarian_ci | utf32 | 178 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_sinhala_ci | utf32 | 179 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_german2_ci | utf32 | 180 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_croatian_ci | utf32 | 181 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_unicode_520_ci | utf32 | 182 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_vietnamese_ci | utf32 | 183 | | Yes | 8 | | binary | binary | 63 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | geostd8_general_ci | geostd8 | 92 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | geostd8_bin | geostd8 | 93 | | Yes | 1 | | cp932_japanese_ci | cp932 | 95 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | cp932_bin | cp932 | 96 | | Yes | 1 | | eucjpms_japanese_ci | eucjpms | 97 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | eucjpms_bin | eucjpms | 98 | | Yes | 1 | | gb18030_chinese_ci | gb18030 | 248 | Yes | Yes | 2 | | gb18030_bin | gb18030 | 249 | | Yes | 1 | | gb18030_unicode_520_ci | gb18030 | 250 | | Yes | 8 | +--------------------------+----------+-----+---------+----------+---------+ 222 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.4 校驗規(guī)則對數據庫的影響
不區(qū)分大小寫
- 創(chuàng)建校驗規(guī)則使用
utf8_general_ci（不區(qū)分大小寫）的數據庫test1，語句為create database test1 collate utf8_general_ci;； - 之后使用該數據庫，語句為
use test1;；創(chuàng)建person表，語句為create table person(name varchar(20));； - 向表中插入數據，語句為
insert into person values('a'); insert into person values('A'); insert into person values('b'); insert into person values('B');。 - 查詢時，使用
use test1;切換到test1數據庫，執(zhí)行select * from person where name='a';，會返回name為a和A的兩條數據；排序時，執(zhí)行select * from person order by name;，a和A會歸為一組，b和B會歸為一組。
mysql> create database test1 charset=utf8 collate=utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test1;
Database changed
mysql> create table person(name varchar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into person values('a'); insert into person values('A'); insert into person values('b'); insert into person values('B');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from person where name='a';
+------+
| name |
+------+
| a |
| A |
+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from person order by name;
+------+
| name |
+------+
| a |
| A |
| b |
| B |
+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)區(qū)分大小寫
- 創(chuàng)建校驗規(guī)則使用
utf8_bin（區(qū)分大小寫）的數據庫test2，語句為create database test2 collate utf8_bin;； - 之后使用該數據庫，語句為
use test2;；創(chuàng)建person表，語句為create table person(name varchar(20));；向表中插入與test1數據庫相同的數據。 - 查詢時，使用
use test2;切換到test2數據庫，執(zhí)行select * from person where name='a';，僅會返回name為a的一條數據；排序時，執(zhí)行select * from person order by name;，會按照ASCII碼順序排列，結果為A、B、a、b。
mysql> create database test2 charset=utf8 collate=utf8_bin;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test2;
Database changed
mysql> create table person(name varchar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into person values('a'); insert into person values('A'); insert into person values('b'); insert into person values('B');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from person where name='a';
+------+
| name |
+------+
| a |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from person order by name;
+------+
| name |
+------+
| A |
| B |
| a |
| b |
+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)4 操縱數據庫
4.1 查看數據庫
查看數據庫的語句為show databases;：
4.2 顯示創(chuàng)建語句
顯示數據庫創(chuàng)建語句的語法為show create database 數據庫名;。例如，查看mytest數據庫創(chuàng)建語句的示例為：
mysql> show create database mytest; | Database | Create | mysql | CREATE DATABASE `mytest` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
其中，MySQL建議關鍵字使用大寫，但非必須；數據庫名字的反引號``用于防止數據庫名與關鍵字重復；/*!40100 default.... */并非注釋，其表示當前MySQL版本大于4.01版本時，執(zhí)行該語句。
4.3 修改數據庫
修改數據庫的語法為：
ALTER DATABASE db_name [alter_spacification [,alter_spacification]...] alter_spacification: [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET charset_name [DEFAULT] COLLATE collation_name
對數據庫的修改主要是修改數據庫的字符集和校驗規(guī)則。例如，將mytest數據庫字符集改成gbk的語句為mysql> alter database mytest charset=gbk;，執(zhí)行后查詢結果為Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)，再次查看mytest數據庫創(chuàng)建語句，會顯示CREATE DATABASE mytest /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */。
4.4 數據庫刪除
刪除數據庫的語法為DROP DATABASE [IF EXISTS] db_name;。執(zhí)行刪除操作后，在數據庫內部無法看到對應的數據庫，且對應的數據庫文件夾會被刪除，內部數據表也會被級聯刪除，因此不要隨意刪除數據庫。
4.5 備份和恢復
4.5.1 備份
備份數據庫的語法為mysqldump -P 3306 -u root -p -B 'your database name' > '希望保存路徑' （注意這不是SQL語句?。?/code>。例如，將test庫備份到C:\Users\19624\Desktop的語句為 mysqldump -P 3306 -u root -p -B test > C:\Users\19624\Desktop\test.sql，備份文件中包含創(chuàng)建數據庫、建表、導入數據的語句。
這里演示將test數據庫備份到桌面：
#文件內容如下
-- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.7.44, for Win64 (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost Database: test
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version 5.7.44-log
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
--
-- Current Database: `test`
--
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `test` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;
USE `test`;
--
-- Table structure for table `person`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `person`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `person` (
`name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
--
-- Dumping data for table `person`
--
LOCK TABLES `person` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `person` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `person` VALUES ('a'),('A'),('b'),('B');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `person` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
-- Dump completed on 2025-10-05 23:57:154.5.2 還原
還原數據庫的語句為mysql> source C:\Users\19624\Desktop\test.sql;。
4.5.3 注意事項
- 若備份的是數據庫中的某張表，語法為
# mysqldump -u root -p 數據庫名 表名1 表名2 > D:/mytest.sql。 - 若同時備份多個數據庫，語法為
# mysqldump -u root -p -B 數據庫名1 數據庫名2 ... > 數據庫存放路徑。 - 若備份一個數據庫時未帶上
-B參數，在恢復數據庫時，需先創(chuàng)建空數據庫，然后使用該數據庫，再使用source命令還原。
4.6 查看連接情況
查看數據庫連接情況的語法為show processlist。例如：
mysql> show processlist; +----+------+-----------------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+ | 3 | root | localhost:51366 | NULL | Query | 0 | starting | show processlist | +----+------+-----------------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
該命令可查看當前連接MySQL的用戶，若發(fā)現非正常登錄的用戶，可能數據庫被入侵；當數據庫運行較慢時，也可通過該指令查看連接情況。
到此這篇關于MySQL 庫的操作案例之從創(chuàng)建配置到備份恢復的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關mysql備份恢復內容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！
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