一、SpringMVC基礎(chǔ)入門(mén)，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)HelloWorld程序

　　1.首先，導(dǎo)入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

　　2.添加Web.xml配置文件中關(guān)于SpringMVC的配置

 <!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
 <servlet>
   <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
   <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
   <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
 </servlet>

 <servlet-mapping>
   <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
   <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>

　　3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">          

  <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
  <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/>

  <!-- don't handle the static resource -->
  <mvc:default-servlet-handler />

  <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
  <mvc:annotation-driven />
  
  <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->
  <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" 
      id="internalResourceViewResolver">
    <!-- 前綴 -->
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
    <!-- 后綴 -->
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
  </bean>
</beans>

　　4.在WEB-INF文件夾下創(chuàng)建名為jsp的文件夾，用來(lái)存放jsp視圖。創(chuàng)建一個(gè)hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。

　　5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

　　6.編寫(xiě)Controller代碼

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/mvc")
public class mvcController {

  @RequestMapping("/hello")
  public String hello(){    
    return "hello";
  }
}

　　7.啟動(dòng)服務(wù)器，鍵入 http://localhost:8080/項(xiàng)目名/mvc/hello

　二、配置解析

　　1.Dispatcherservlet

　　DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。攔截匹配的請(qǐng)求，Servlet攔截匹配規(guī)則要自已定義，把攔截下來(lái)的請(qǐng)求，依據(jù)相應(yīng)的規(guī)則分發(fā)到目標(biāo)Controller來(lái)處理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。

　　2.InternalResourceViewResolver

　　視圖名稱(chēng)解析器

　　3.以上出現(xiàn)的注解

　　@Controller 負(fù)責(zé)注冊(cè)一個(gè)bean 到spring 上下文中

　　@RequestMapping 注解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請(qǐng)求

　三、SpringMVC常用注解

　　@Controller

　　負(fù)責(zé)注冊(cè)一個(gè)bean 到spring 上下文中

　　@RequestMapping

　　注解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請(qǐng)求

　　@RequestBody

　　該注解用于讀取Request請(qǐng)求的body部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，使用系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)配置的HttpMessageConverter進(jìn)行解析，然后把相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)綁定到要返回的對(duì)象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的對(duì)象數(shù)據(jù)綁定到 controller中方法的參數(shù)上

　　@ResponseBody

　　該注解用于將Controller的方法返回的對(duì)象，通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)腍ttpMessageConverter轉(zhuǎn)換為指定格式后，寫(xiě)入到Response對(duì)象的body數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)

　　@ModelAttribute 　　　

　　在方法定義上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在調(diào)用目標(biāo)處理方法前，會(huì)先逐個(gè)調(diào)用在方法級(jí)上標(biāo)注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

　　在方法的入?yún)⑶笆褂?@ModelAttribute 注解：可以從隱含對(duì)象中獲取隱含的模型數(shù)據(jù)中獲取對(duì)象，再將請(qǐng)求參數(shù) –綁定到對(duì)象中，再傳入入?yún)⒎椒ㄈ雲(yún)?duì)象添加到模型中 

　　@RequestParam　

　　在處理方法入?yún)⑻幨褂?@RequestParam 可以把請(qǐng)求參 數(shù)傳遞給請(qǐng)求方法

　　@PathVariable

　　綁定 URL 占位符到入?yún)?/p>

　　@ExceptionHandler

　　注解到方法上，出現(xiàn)異常時(shí)會(huì)執(zhí)行該方法

　　@ControllerAdvice

　　使一個(gè)Contoller成為全局的異常處理類(lèi)，類(lèi)中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以處理所有Controller發(fā)生的異常

　四、自動(dòng)匹配參數(shù)

 //match automatically
 @RequestMapping("/person")
 public String toPerson(String name,double age){
   System.out.println(name+" "+age);
   return "hello";
 }

　五、自動(dòng)裝箱

　　1.編寫(xiě)一個(gè)Person實(shí)體類(lèi)

package test.SpringMVC.model;

public class Person {
  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }
  public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  public int getAge() {
    return age;
  }
  public void setAge(int age) {
    this.age = age;
  }
  private String name;
  private int age;
  
}

　　2.在Controller里編寫(xiě)方法

 //boxing automatically
 @RequestMapping("/person1")
 public String toPerson(Person p){
   System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());
   return "hello";
 }

　六、使用InitBinder來(lái)處理Date類(lèi)型的參數(shù)

 //the parameter was converted in initBinder
 @RequestMapping("/date")
 public String date(Date date){
   System.out.println(date);
   return "hello";
 }
  
 //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"
 @InitBinder
 public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
   binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),
       true));
 }

　七、向前臺(tái)傳遞參數(shù)

 //pass the parameters to front-end
 @RequestMapping("/show")
 public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){
   Person p =new Person();
   map.put("p", p);
   p.setAge(20);
   p.setName("jayjay");
   return "show";
 }

　　前臺(tái)可在Request域中取到"p"

　八、使用Ajax調(diào)用

 //pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
 @RequestMapping("/getPerson")
 public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){
   pw.write("hello,"+name);    
 }
 @RequestMapping("/name")
 public String sayHello(){
   return "name";
 }

　　前臺(tái)用下面的Jquery代碼調(diào)用

 $(function(){
   $("#btn").click(function(){
    $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){
       alert(data);
     });
   });
 });

　九、在Controller中使用redirect方式處理請(qǐng)求

 //redirect 
 @RequestMapping("/redirect")
 public String redirect(){
   return "redirect:hello";
 }

　十、文件上傳

　　1.需要導(dǎo)入兩個(gè)jar包

　　2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

 <!-- upload settings -->
 <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
   <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property>
 </bean>

　　3.方法代碼

  @RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)
  public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{
    MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
    MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");
    String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
    SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");    
    FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+
        "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));
    fos.write(file.getBytes());
    fos.flush();
    fos.close();
    
    return "hello";
  }

　　4.前臺(tái)form表單

  <form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <input type="file" name="file"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="submit">
  </form>

　十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定參數(shù)的name

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class mvcController1 {
  @RequestMapping(value="/param")
  public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,
      @RequestParam(value="name")String name){
    System.out.println(id+" "+name);
    return "/hello";
  }  
}

　十二、RESTFul風(fēng)格的SringMVC

　　1.RestController

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/rest")
public class RestController {
  @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
  public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
    System.out.println("get"+id);
    return "/hello";
  }
  
  @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
  public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
    System.out.println("post"+id);
    return "/hello";
  }
  
  @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
  public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
    System.out.println("put"+id);
    return "/hello";
  }
  
  @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
  public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
    System.out.println("delete"+id);
    return "/hello";
  }
  
}

　　2.form表單發(fā)送put和delete請(qǐng)求

　　在web.xml中配置

 <!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->
 <filter>
   <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
   <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
 </filter>
 <filter-mapping>
   <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
   <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
 </filter-mapping>

　　在前臺(tái)可以用以下代碼產(chǎn)生請(qǐng)求

  <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
    <input type="submit" value="put">
  </form>
  
  <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
    <input type="submit" value="post">
  </form>
  
  <form action="rest/user/1" method="get">
    <input type="submit" value="get">
  </form>
  
  <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
    <input type="submit" value="delete">
  </form>

　十三、返回json格式的字符串

　　1.導(dǎo)入以下jar包

　　2.方法代碼

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/json")
public class jsonController {
  
  @ResponseBody
  @RequestMapping("/user")
  public User get(){
    User u = new User();
    u.setId(1);
    u.setName("jayjay");
    u.setBirth(new Date());
    return u;
  }
}

　十四、異常的處理

　　1.處理局部異常（Controller內(nèi)）

 @ExceptionHandler
 public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
   ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
   mv.addObject("exception", ex);
   System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");
   return mv;
 }
  
 @RequestMapping("/error")
 public String error(){
   int i = 5/0;
   return "hello";
 }

　　2.處理全局異常（所有Controller）

@ControllerAdvice
public class testControllerAdvice {
  @ExceptionHandler
  public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
    ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
    mv.addObject("exception", ex);
    System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");
    return mv;
  }
}

　　3.另一種處理全局異常的方法

　　在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

 <!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->
 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
   <property name="exceptionMappings">
     <props>
       <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
     </props>
   </property>
 </bean>

　　error是出錯(cuò)頁(yè)面

　十五、設(shè)置一個(gè)自定義攔截器

　　1.創(chuàng)建一個(gè)MyInterceptor類(lèi)，并實(shí)現(xiàn)HandlerInterceptor接口

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

  @Override
  public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
      HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
      throws Exception {
    System.out.println("afterCompletion");
  }

  @Override
  public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
      Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {
    System.out.println("postHandle");
  }

  @Override
  public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
      Object arg2) throws Exception {
    System.out.println("preHandle");
    return true;
  }

}

　　2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

  <!-- interceptor setting -->
  <mvc:interceptors>
    <mvc:interceptor>
      <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/>
      <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>gt;
    </mvc:interceptor>    
  </mvc:interceptors>

　　3.攔截器執(zhí)行順序

　十六、表單的驗(yàn)證（使用Hibernate-validate）及國(guó)際化

　　1.導(dǎo)入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未選中不用導(dǎo)入)

　　2.編寫(xiě)實(shí)體類(lèi)User并加上驗(yàn)證注解

public class User {
  public int getId() {
    return id;
  }
  public void setId(int id) {
    this.id = id;
  }
  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }
  public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  public Date getBirth() {
    return birth;
  }
  public void setBirth(Date birth) {
    this.birth = birth;
  }
  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
  }  
  private int id;
  @NotEmpty
  private String name;

  @Past
  @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
  private Date birth;
}

　　ps:@Past表示時(shí)間必須是一個(gè)過(guò)去值

　　3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表單

  <form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user">
    id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>
    name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>
    birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>
    <input type="submit" value="submit">
  </form:form> 

　　ps:path對(duì)應(yīng)name

　　4.Controller中代碼

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/form")
public class formController {
  @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)  
  public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){
    if(br.getErrorCount()>0){      
      return "addUser";
    }
    return "showUser";
  }
  
  @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)
  public String add(Map<String,Object> map){
    map.put("user",new User());
    return "addUser";
  }
}

　　ps:

　　1.因?yàn)閖sp中使用了modelAttribute屬性，所以必須在request域中有一個(gè)"user".

　　2.@Valid 表示按照在實(shí)體上標(biāo)記的注解驗(yàn)證參數(shù)

　　3.返回到原頁(yè)面錯(cuò)誤信息回回顯，表單也會(huì)回顯

　　5.錯(cuò)誤信息自定義

　　在src目錄下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty
Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

　　在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

  <!-- configure the locale resource -->
  <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
    <property name="basename" value="locale"></property>
  </bean>

　　6.國(guó)際化顯示

　　在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

username=賬號(hào)
password=密碼

　　locale.properties中添加

username=user name
password=password

　　創(chuàng)建一個(gè)locale.jsp

 <body>
  <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message>
  <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message>
 </body>

　　在SpringMVC中配置

  <!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->
  <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

　　讓locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接訪問(wèn)

　　最后，訪問(wèn)locale.jsp，切換瀏覽器語(yǔ)言，能看到賬號(hào)和密碼的語(yǔ)言也切換了

　十七、壓軸大戲--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

　　1.創(chuàng)建一個(gè)test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用來(lái)演示整合，并創(chuàng)建各類(lèi)

　　2.User實(shí)體類(lèi)

public class User {
  public int getId() {
    return id;
  }
  public void setId(int id) {
    this.id = id;
  }
  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }
  public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  public Date getBirth() {
    return birth;
  }
  public void setBirth(Date birth) {
    this.birth = birth;
  }
  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
  }  
  private int id;
  @NotEmpty
  private String name;

  @Past
  @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
  private Date birth;
}

　　3.UserService類(lèi)

@Component
public class UserService {
  public UserService(){
    System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");
  }
  
  public void save(){
    System.out.println("save");
  }
}

　　4.UserController

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/integrate")
public class UserController {
  @Autowired
  private UserService userService;
  
  @RequestMapping("/user")
  public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){
    System.out.println(u);
    userService.save();
    return "hello";
  }
}

　　5.Spring配置文件

　　在src目錄下創(chuàng)建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    "
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    >
  <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
    <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" 
      expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" 
      expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>    
  </context:component-scan>
  
</beans>

　　在Web.xml中添加配置

 <!-- configure the springIOC -->
 <listener>
   <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
 </listener>
 <context-param> 
  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 
  <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
 </context-param>

　　6.在SpringMVC中進(jìn)行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC對(duì)同一個(gè)對(duì)象的管理重合

<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
  <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
    <context:include-filter type="annotation" 
      expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    <context:include-filter type="annotation" 
      expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
  </context:component-scan>

　十八、SpringMVC詳細(xì)運(yùn)行流程圖

　十九、SpringMVC與struts2的區(qū)別

　　1、springmvc基于方法開(kāi)發(fā)的，struts2基于類(lèi)開(kāi)發(fā)的。springmvc將url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一個(gè)Handler對(duì)象，對(duì)象中只包括了一個(gè)method。方法執(zhí)行結(jié)束，形參數(shù)據(jù)銷(xiāo)毀。springmvc的controller開(kāi)發(fā)類(lèi)似web service開(kāi)發(fā)。

　　2、springmvc可以進(jìn)行單例開(kāi)發(fā)，并且建議使用單例開(kāi)發(fā)，struts2通過(guò)類(lèi)的成員變量接收參數(shù)，無(wú)法使用單例，只能使用多例。

　　3、經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)際測(cè)試，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts標(biāo)簽，如果使用struts建議使用jstl。