nginx+tomcat實現(xiàn)負載均衡，使用redis session共享
更新時間：2016年12月02日 08:33:31 作者：程序人生0407
這篇文章主要介紹了nginx tomcat負載均衡 使用redis session共享,有興趣的同學可以了解一下。
環(huán)境準備
1、準備一臺nginx服務器 ip192.168.1.133 端口81
安裝過程：
＃首先安裝依賴： yum -y install gcc-c++ yum -y install pcre pcre-devel yum -y install zlib zlib-devel yum -y install openssl openssl—devel #注意 ： 安裝nginx必須使用 root 用戶安裝 #創(chuàng)建一個nginx目錄 mkdir /usr/local/src/nginx #進入到nginx目錄 cd /usr/local/src/nginx #下載或上傳安裝包 wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx.tar.gz 或 rz上傳 #解壓安裝包 tar -xvf nginx.tar.gz #進入到解壓后的目錄 cd nginx # 下面 才開始正式安裝 #把nginx安裝到指定用戶的目錄 mkdir -p /ucenter/soft/nginx #安裝配置 prefix為安裝目錄 user為用戶 group為 組 ./configure --prefix=/ucenter/soft/nginx --user=ucenter --group=ucenter #編譯 make #安裝 make install #在linux系統(tǒng)中由于非root用戶不能占用80端口，所以需要使普通用戶以root身份啟動nginx。 cd /ucenter/soft/nginx/sbin #把soft文件下所有的文件所屬者修改為ucener -R 表示遞歸 chown ucenter:ucenter ./soft/ -R #修改 ./nginx 的所屬為root chown root nginx #讓普通用戶可以使用80端口，可以使用root權限啟用nginx chmod u+s nginx #修改配置文件 在修改配置文件之前 ，要備份該文件 cd conf/ # 要注意nginx 的工作進程，一般根據(jù)cpu的核數(shù)去修改 vim nginx.conf #關閉防火墻，打開80端口 service iptables stop #啟動nginx ./nginx #重啟nginx ./nginx -s reload #關閉nginx ./nginx -s stop
準備一臺tomcat服務器，先準備java環(huán)境，安裝jdk步驟省略
然后分別安裝3個tomcat 服務器ip地址：192.168.1.143，tomcat1 8080端口，tomcat2 8081端口，tomcat3 8082端口。
apache-tomcat-7.0.64/conf/server.xml配置文件修改這三個地方，這樣端口就不會沖突
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /> <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
修改tomcat ROOT目錄下index.jsp，分別增加每個tomcat的標識，以及在頁面上顯示session ID
<%--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
--%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<%@ page session="true" %>
<%
java.text.SimpleDateFormat sdf = new java.text.SimpleDateFormat("yyyy");
request.setAttribute("year", sdf.format(new java.util.Date()));
request.setAttribute("tomcatUrl", "http://tomcat.apache.org/");
request.setAttribute("tomcatDocUrl", "/docs/");
request.setAttribute("tomcatExamplesUrl", "/examples/");
%>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title><%=request.getServletContext().getServerInfo() %></title>
<link href="favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" />
<link href="favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" />
<link href="tomcat.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<div id="navigation" class="curved container">
<span id="nav-home"><a href="${tomcatUrl}">Home--<%=request.getSession().getId() %></a></span>
<span id="nav-hosts"><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}">Documentation</a></span>
<span id="nav-config"><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}config/">Configuration</a></span>
<span id="nav-examples"><a href="${tomcatExamplesUrl}">Examples</a></span>
<span id="nav-wiki"><a >Wiki</a></span>
<span id="nav-lists"><a href="${tomcatUrl}lists.html">Mailing Lists</a></span>
<span id="nav-help"><a href="${tomcatUrl}findhelp.html">Find Help</a></span>
<br class="separator" />
</div>
<div id="asf-box">
<h1>${pageContext.servletContext.serverInfo}--8080</h1>
</div>
<div id="upper" class="curved container">
<div id="congrats" class="curved container">
<h2>If you're seeing this, you've successfully installed Tomcat. Congratulations!</h2>
</div>
<div id="notice">
<img src="tomcat.png" alt="[tomcat logo]" />
<div id="tasks">
<h3>Recommended Reading:</h3>
<h4><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}security-howto.html">Security Considerations HOW-TO</a></h4>
<h4><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}manager-howto.html">Manager Application HOW-TO</a></h4>
<h4><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}cluster-howto.html">Clustering/Session Replication HOW-TO</a></h4>
</div>
</div>
<div id="actions">
<div class="button">
<a class="container shadow" href="/manager/status"><span>Server Status</span></a>
</div>
<div class="button">
<a class="container shadow" href="/manager/html"><span>Manager App</span></a>
</div>
<div class="button">
<a class="container shadow" href="/host-manager/html"><span>Host Manager</span></a>
</div>
</div>
<!--
<br class="separator" />
-->
<br class="separator" />
</div>
<div id="middle" class="curved container">
<h3>Developer Quick Start</h3>
<div class="col25">
<div class="container">
<p><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}setup.html">Tomcat Setup</a></p>
<p><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}appdev/">First Web Application</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col25">
<div class="container">
<p><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}realm-howto.html">Realms & AAA</a></p>
<p><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">JDBC DataSources</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col25">
<div class="container">
<p><a href="${tomcatExamplesUrl}">Examples</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col25">
<div class="container">
<p><a >Servlet Specifications</a></p>
<p><a >Tomcat Versions</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<br class="separator" />
</div>
<div id="lower">
<div id="low-manage" class="">
<div class="curved container">
<h3>Managing Tomcat</h3>
<p>For security, access to the <a href="/manager/html">manager webapp</a> is restricted.
Users are defined in:</p>
<pre>$CATALINA_HOME/conf/tomcat-users.xml</pre>
<p>In Tomcat 7.0 access to the manager application is split between
different users. <a href="${tomcatDocUrl}manager-howto.html">Read more...</a></p>
<br />
<h4><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></h4>
<h4><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}changelog.html">Changelog</a></h4>
<h4><a href="${tomcatUrl}migration.html">Migration Guide</a></h4>
<h4><a href="${tomcatUrl}security.html">Security Notices</a></h4>
</div>
</div>
<div id="low-docs" class="">
<div class="curved container">
<h3>Documentation</h3>
<h4><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}">Tomcat 7.0 Documentation</a></h4>
<h4><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}config/">Tomcat 7.0 Configuration</a></h4>
<h4><a >Tomcat Wiki</a></h4>
<p>Find additional important configuration information in:</p>
<pre>$CATALINA_HOME/RUNNING.txt</pre>
<p>Developers may be interested in:</p>
<ul>
<li><a >Tomcat 7.0 Bug Database</a></li>
<li><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}api/index.html">Tomcat 7.0 JavaDocs</a></li>
<li><a >Tomcat 7.0 SVN Repository</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="low-help" class="">
<div class="curved container">
<h3>Getting Help</h3>
<h4><a href="${tomcatUrl}faq/">FAQ</a> and <a href="${tomcatUrl}lists.html">Mailing Lists</a></h4>
<p>The following mailing lists are available:</p>
<ul>
<li id="list-announce"><strong><a href="${tomcatUrl}lists.html#tomcat-announce">tomcat-announce</a><br />
Important announcements, releases, security vulnerability notifications. (Low volume).</strong>
</li>
<li><a href="${tomcatUrl}lists.html#tomcat-users">tomcat-users</a><br />
User support and discussion
</li>
<li><a href="${tomcatUrl}lists.html#taglibs-user">taglibs-user</a><br />
User support and discussion for <a href="${tomcatUrl}taglibs/">Apache Taglibs</a>
</li>
<li><a href="${tomcatUrl}lists.html#tomcat-dev">tomcat-dev</a><br />
Development mailing list, including commit messages
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br class="separator" />
</div>
<div id="footer" class="curved container">
<div class="col20">
<div class="container">
<h4>Other Downloads</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="${tomcatUrl}download-connectors.cgi">Tomcat Connectors</a></li>
<li><a href="${tomcatUrl}download-native.cgi">Tomcat Native</a></li>
<li><a href="${tomcatUrl}taglibs/">Taglibs</a></li>
<li><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}deployer-howto.html">Deployer</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col20">
<div class="container">
<h4>Other Documentation</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="${tomcatUrl}connectors-doc/">Tomcat Connectors</a></li>
<li><a href="${tomcatUrl}connectors-doc/">mod_jk Documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="${tomcatUrl}native-doc/">Tomcat Native</a></li>
<li><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}deployer-howto.html">Deployer</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col20">
<div class="container">
<h4>Get Involved</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="${tomcatUrl}getinvolved.html">Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="${tomcatUrl}svn.html">SVN Repositories</a></li>
<li><a href="${tomcatUrl}lists.html">Mailing Lists</a></li>
<li><a >Wiki</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col20">
<div class="container">
<h4>Miscellaneous</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="${tomcatUrl}contact.html">Contact</a></li>
<li><a href="${tomcatUrl}legal.html">Legal</a></li>
<li><a >Sponsorship</a></li>
<li><a >Thanks</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col20">
<div class="container">
<h4>Apache Software Foundation</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="${tomcatUrl}whoweare.html">Who We Are</a></li>
<li><a href="${tomcatUrl}heritage.html">Heritage</a></li>
<li><a >Apache Home</a></li>
<li><a href="${tomcatUrl}resources.html">Resources</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br class="separator" />
</div>
<p class="copyright">Copyright ©1999-${year} Apache Software Foundation. All Rights Reserved</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
這時候 修改nginx配置文件nginx.conf，把三臺tomcat的ip地址以及端口號加入進去，使用nginx做代理
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
upstream localhost1 {
#ip_hash;
server 192.168.1.143:8080;
server 192.168.1.143:8081;
server 192.168.1.143:8082;
}
server {
listen 81;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
proxy_connect_timeout 3;
proxy_send_timeout 30;
proxy_read_timeout 30;
proxy_pass http://localhost1;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl on;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
這時候，分別啟動三臺tomcat以及nginx，訪問http://192.168.1.133:81，這時候每次刷新頁面，都會隨機訪問8080或者8081或者8082，而且頁面上出現(xiàn)的session id也都是不一樣的，我們應該如何讓這三臺tomcat共享session呢，我們使用redis來做。
這時候，在已經(jīng)按照三臺tomcat的服務器192.168.1.143上，安裝redis，安裝步驟如下：
$ wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.2.3.tar.gz $ tar xzf redis-3.2.3.tar.gz $ cd redis-3.2.3 $ make MALLOC=libc #啟動redis src前面是安裝的路徑 $ src/redis-server & #關閉redis src/redis-cli shutdown #使用redis 放入鍵值對 key value $ src/redis-cli 127.0.0.1:6379> set foo bar OK 127.0.0.1:6379> get foo "bar" $
安裝完redis之后，在三個tomcat的lib文件夾內分別上傳這五個所依賴的jar，分別是
commons-pool2-2.0.jar
jedis-2.5.2.jar
tomcat-redis-session-manager1.2.jar
tomcat-juli.jar
tomcat-juli-adapters.jar
所有jar在這里了，下載地址
然后分別修個三個tomcat的context.xml文件，增加如下的配置
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <Context> <!-- Default set of monitored resources --> <WatchedResource>WEB-INF/web.xml</WatchedResource> <!-- 這里增加redis session共享的配置 6379是redis的端口--> <Valve className="com.orangefunction.tomcat.redissessions.RedisSessionHandlerValve" /> <Manager className="com.orangefunction.tomcat.redissessions.RedisSessionManager" host="127.0.0.1" port="6379" database="0" maxInactiveInterval="60" /> </Context>
這時候，分別重啟三個tomcat以及nginx，查看tomcat日志之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有任何異常報錯，說明我們成功了，接下來開始測試。
我們訪問nginx服務器地址：http://192.168.1.133:81/
得到的是8080端口的 tomcat1 ，session id為1A0625767F27BA95EF4D5F061FE0568D
這時候按F5刷新頁面，得到的是8081端口的 tomcat2 ，session id依舊是 1A0625767F27BA95EF4D5F061FE0568D
再次刷新頁面，得到的是8082端口的 tomcat3，session id依舊是 1A0625767F27BA95EF4D5F061FE0568D。 、
這時候，說明我們搭建tomcat + nginx負載均衡 + redis session同步成功啦！
nginx幫助把我們的請求均勻的分發(fā)給三個tomcat --》tomcat1 、tomcat2以及tomcat3
redis幫助我們同步session，這樣一來，我們的服務器性能就會提高許多，任何一臺tomcat發(fā)生故障后，對整體的服務都不會有影響了。
以上就是本文的全部內容，希望對大家的學習有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
相關文章
Nginx的location路徑與proxy_pass匹配規(guī)則說明
這篇文章主要介紹了Nginx的location路徑與proxy_pass匹配規(guī)則說明,具有很好的參考價值,希望對大家有所幫助,如有錯誤或未考慮完全的地方,望不吝賜教2024-06-06
本文詳解的介紹了 Nginx 的 ngx_http_limit_conn_module 和 ngx_http_limit_req_module 模塊，對請求訪問量進行控制。非常具有實用價值，需要的朋友可以參考下2018-12-12
Nginx限制某個IP同一時間段的訪問次數(shù)和請求數(shù)示例代碼
nginx可以通過ngx_http_limit_conn_module和ngx_http_limit_req_module配置來限制ip在同一時間段的訪問次數(shù).具體示例代碼大家參考下本文2017-08-08
在Nginx中,可以使用"allow"和"deny"指令來實現(xiàn)IP訪問限制,本文給大家介紹Nginx實現(xiàn)基于請求頭的訪問控制配置,感興趣的朋友一起看看吧2023-11-11
使用Nginx限制IP請求和并發(fā)連接數(shù)的實現(xiàn)方法
本文主要介紹了使用Nginx限制IP請求和并發(fā)連接數(shù)的實現(xiàn)方法,通過使用Nginx的限制模塊,我們可以輕松地實現(xiàn)對IP請求和并發(fā)連接數(shù)的限制,具體就跟小編一起來了解一下2024-03-03
Nginx 1.9.13 及以上版本支持TCP/UDP代理功能,通過配置監(jiān)聽端口、后端服務器地址等參數(shù),實現(xiàn)客戶端請求的轉發(fā)和響應的返回,下面就來介紹一下如何實現(xiàn),感興趣的可以了解一下2024-12-12
這篇文章主要介紹了Nginx跨域使用字體文件的配置方法,使用HttpHeadersModule模塊實現(xiàn),需要的朋友可以參考下2014-06-06
使用Nginx?+?Keepalived?實現(xiàn)高可用?Web?負載均衡筆記(虛擬機)
這篇文章主要介紹了使用Nginx?+?Keepalived?實現(xiàn)高可用?Web?負載均衡筆記,需要的朋友可以參考下2023-08-08
這篇文章主要介紹了使用Nginx實現(xiàn)HTTPS雙向驗證的方法,涉及到單向驗證和雙向驗證的區(qū)別介紹，本文介紹的非常詳細，具有參考借鑒價值，感興趣的朋友一起學習吧2016-06-06
這篇文章主要介紹了Nginx中的主要應用場景解讀，具有很好的參考價值，希望對大家有所幫助。如有錯誤或未考慮完全的地方，望不吝賜教2023-04-04