Python3中使用urllib的方法詳解(header,代理,超時(shí),認(rèn)證,異常處理)

更新時(shí)間：2016年09月21日 11:37:59 作者：ifso

這篇文章整理了一些關(guān)于urllib使用中的一些關(guān)于header,代理,超時(shí),認(rèn)證,異常處理處理方法，對(duì)大家學(xué)習(xí)python具有一定的參考借鑒價(jià)值，有需要的朋友們下面來(lái)一起看看吧。

我們可以利用urllib來(lái)抓取遠(yuǎn)程的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行保存哦，以下是python3 抓取網(wǎng)頁(yè)資源的多種方法，有需要的可以參考借鑒。

1、最簡(jiǎn)單

import urllib.request
response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://python.org/')
html = response.read()

2、使用 Request

import urllib.request
req = urllib.request.Request('http://python.org/')
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
the_page = response.read()

3、發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)

#! /usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request
url = 'http://localhost/login.php'
user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'
values = {
'act' : 'login',
'login[email]' : 'yzhang@i9i8.com',
'login[password]' : '123456'
}
data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)
req = urllib.request.Request(url, data)
req.add_header('Referer', 'http://www.python.org/')
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
the_page = response.read()
print(the_page.decode("utf8"))

4、發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)和header

#! /usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request
url = 'http://localhost/login.php'
user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'
values = {
'act' : 'login',
'login[email]' : 'yzhang@i9i8.com',
'login[password]' : '123456'
}
headers = { 'User-Agent' : user_agent }
data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)
req = urllib.request.Request(url, data, headers)
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
the_page = response.read()
print(the_page.decode("utf8"))

5、http 錯(cuò)誤

#! /usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.request
req = urllib.request.Request('http://www.dhdzp.com ')
try:
urllib.request.urlopen(req)
except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
print(e.code)
print(e.read().decode("utf8"))

6、異常處理1

#! /usr/bin/env python3
from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
from urllib.error import URLError, HTTPError
req = Request("http://www.dhdzp.com /")
try:
response = urlopen(req)
except HTTPError as e:
print('The server couldn't fulfill the request.')
print('Error code: ', e.code)
except URLError as e:
print('We failed to reach a server.')
print('Reason: ', e.reason)
else:
print("good!")
print(response.read().decode("utf8"))

7、異常處理2

#! /usr/bin/env python3
from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
from urllib.error import URLError
req = Request("http://www.dhdzp.com /")
try:
response = urlopen(req)
except URLError as e:
if hasattr(e, 'reason'):
print('We failed to reach a server.')
print('Reason: ', e.reason)
elif hasattr(e, 'code'):
print('The server couldn't fulfill the request.')
print('Error code: ', e.code)
else:
print("good!")
print(response.read().decode("utf8"))

8、HTTP 認(rèn)證

#! /usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.request
# create a password manager
password_mgr = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
# Add the username and password.
# If we knew the realm, we could use it instead of None.
top_level_url = "http://www.dhdzp.com /"
password_mgr.add_password(None, top_level_url, 'rekfan', 'xxxxxx')
handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_mgr)
# create "opener" (OpenerDirector instance)
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)
# use the opener to fetch a URL
a_url = "http://www.dhdzp.com /"
x = opener.open(a_url)
print(x.read())
# Install the opener.
# Now all calls to urllib.request.urlopen use our opener.
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
a = urllib.request.urlopen(a_url).read().decode('utf8')
print(a)

9、使用代理

#! /usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.request
proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'sock5': 'localhost:1080'})
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support)
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)

a = urllib.request.urlopen("http://www.dhdzp.com ").read().decode("utf8")
print(a)

10、超時(shí)

#! /usr/bin/env python3
import socket
import urllib.request
# timeout in seconds
timeout = 2
socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout)
# this call to urllib.request.urlopen now uses the default timeout
# we have set in the socket module
req = urllib.request.Request('http://www.dhdzp.com /')
a = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read()
print(a)

總結(jié)

以上就是這篇文章的全部?jī)?nèi)容，希望本文的內(nèi)容對(duì)大家學(xué)習(xí)或使用python能有所幫助，如果有疑問(wèn)大家可以留言交流。

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