用JAVA 設(shè)計(jì)生成二維碼詳細(xì)教程

更新時(shí)間：2016年08月07日 09:37:21 作者：人生設(shè)計(jì)師

本文主要介紹用JAVA 設(shè)計(jì)生成二維碼,這里一步一步詳細(xì)介紹用 java 如何設(shè)計(jì)二維碼，并附有代碼示例以便參考，有需要的小伙伴可以參考下

教你一步一步用 java 設(shè)計(jì)生成二維碼

在物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的時(shí)代，二維碼是個(gè)很重要的東西了，現(xiàn)在無(wú)論什么東西都要搞個(gè)二維碼標(biāo)志，唯恐落伍，就差人沒(méi)有用二維碼識(shí)別了。也許有一天生分證或者戶(hù)口本都會(huì)用二維碼識(shí)別了。今天心血來(lái)潮，看見(jiàn)別人都為自己的博客添加了二維碼，我也想搞一個(gè)測(cè)試一下.

主要用來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)兩點(diǎn)：

1. 生成任意文字的二維碼.

2. 在二維碼的中間加入圖像.

一、準(zhǔn)備工作。

準(zhǔn)備QR二維碼3.0 版本的core包和一張jpg圖片。

下載QR二維碼包。

首先得下載 zxing.jar 包, 我這里用的是3.0 版本的core包

下載地址: 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)遷移到了github: https://github.com/zxing/zxing/wiki/Getting-Started-Developing,

當(dāng)然你也可以從maven倉(cāng)庫(kù)下載jar 包: http://central.maven.org/maven2/com/google/zxing/core/

二、程序設(shè)計(jì)

1、啟動(dòng)eclipse，新建一個(gè)java項(xiàng)目，命好項(xiàng)目名（本例取名為QRCodeSoft）。點(diǎn)下一步：

2、導(dǎo)入zxing.jar 包, 我這里用的是3.0 版本的core包：點(diǎn)“添加外部JAR(X)…”。

3、新建兩個(gè)類(lèi)，分別是：

BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java

QRCodeUtil.java

關(guān)鍵代碼在于：BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java 和QRCodeUtil.java , 其中測(cè)試的main 方法位于 QRCodeUtil.java 中。

BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java程序代碼：

package com.yihaomen.barcode;


import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;

public class BufferedImageLuminanceSource extends LuminanceSource {
	private final BufferedImage image;
	private final int left;
	private final int top;

	public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image) {
		this(image, 0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight());
	}

	public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image, int left,
			int top, int width, int height) {
		super(width, height);

		int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
		int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
		if (left + width > sourceWidth || top + height > sourceHeight) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException(
					"Crop rectangle does not fit within image data.");
		}

		for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++) {
			for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++) {
				if ((image.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFF000000) == 0) {
					image.setRGB(x, y, 0xFFFFFFFF); // = white
				}
			}
		}

		this.image = new BufferedImage(sourceWidth, sourceHeight,
				BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
		this.image.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
		this.left = left;
		this.top = top;
	}

	
	public byte[] getRow(int y, byte[] row) {
		if (y < 0 || y >= getHeight()) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException(
					"Requested row is outside the image: " + y);
		}
		int width = getWidth();
		if (row == null || row.length < width) {
			row = new byte[width];
		}
		image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top + y, width, 1, row);
		return row;
	}

	
	public byte[] getMatrix() {
		int width = getWidth();
		int height = getHeight();
		int area = width * height;
		byte[] matrix = new byte[area];
		image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top, width, height, matrix);
		return matrix;
	}

	
	public boolean isCropSupported() {
		return true;
	}

	
	public LuminanceSource crop(int left, int top, int width, int height) {
		return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image, this.left + left,
				this.top + top, width, height);
	}

	
	public boolean isRotateSupported() {
		return true;
	}

	
	public LuminanceSource rotateCounterClockwise() {
		int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
		int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
		AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform(0.0, -1.0, 1.0,
				0.0, 0.0, sourceWidth);
		BufferedImage rotatedImage = new BufferedImage(sourceHeight,
				sourceWidth, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
		Graphics2D g = rotatedImage.createGraphics();
		g.drawImage(image, transform, null);
		g.dispose();
		int width = getWidth();
		return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(rotatedImage, top,
				sourceWidth - (left + width), getHeight(), width);
	}
}

QRCodeUtil.java的程序代碼：

package com.yihaomen.barcode;



import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.Shape;
import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;
import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.Result;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;

/**
 * 二維碼工具類(lèi)
 * 
 */
public class QRCodeUtil {

	private static final String CHARSET = "utf-8";
	private static final String FORMAT_NAME = "JPG";
	// 二維碼尺寸
	private static final int QRCODE_SIZE = 300;
	// LOGO寬度
	private static final int WIDTH = 60;
	// LOGO高度
	private static final int HEIGHT = 60;

	private static BufferedImage createImage(String content, String imgPath,
			boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
		Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object>();
		hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
		hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
		hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
		BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content,
				BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QRCODE_SIZE, QRCODE_SIZE, hints);
		int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
		int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();
		BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,
				BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
		for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
			for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
				image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000
						: 0xFFFFFFFF);
			}
		}
		if (imgPath == null || "".equals(imgPath)) {
			return image;
		}
		// 插入圖片
		QRCodeUtil.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress);
		return image;
	}

	/**
	 * 插入LOGO
	 * 
	 * @param source
	 *   二維碼圖片
	 * @param imgPath
	 *   LOGO圖片地址
	 * @param needCompress
	 *   是否壓縮
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	private static void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath,
			boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
		File file = new File(imgPath);
		if (!file.exists()) {
			System.err.println(""+imgPath+" 該文件不存在！");
			return;
		}
		Image src = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));
		int width = src.getWidth(null);
		int height = src.getHeight(null);
		if (needCompress) { // 壓縮LOGO
			if (width > WIDTH) {
				width = WIDTH;
			}
			if (height > HEIGHT) {
				height = HEIGHT;
			}
			Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height,
					Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
			BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height,
					BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
			Graphics g = tag.getGraphics();
			g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // 繪制縮小后的圖
			g.dispose();
			src = image;
		}
		// 插入LOGO
		Graphics2D graph = source.createGraphics();
		int x = (QRCODE_SIZE - width) / 2;
		int y = (QRCODE_SIZE - height) / 2;
		graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null);
		Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6, 6);
		graph.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));
		graph.draw(shape);
		graph.dispose();
	}

	/**
	 * 生成二維碼(內(nèi)嵌LOGO)
	 * 
	 * @param content
	 *   內(nèi)容
	 * @param imgPath
	 *   LOGO地址
	 * @param destPath
	 *   存放目錄
	 * @param needCompress
	 *   是否壓縮LOGO
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath,
			boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
		BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath,
				needCompress);
		mkdirs(destPath);
		String file = new Random().nextInt(99999999)+".jpg";
		ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath+"/"+file));
	}

	/**
	 * 當(dāng)文件夾不存在時(shí)，mkdirs會(huì)自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建多層目錄，區(qū)別于mkdir．(mkdir如果父目錄不存在則會(huì)拋出異常)
	 * @author lanyuan
	 * Email: mmm333zzz520@163.com
	 * @date 2013-12-11 上午10:16:36
	 * @param destPath 存放目錄
	 */
	public static void mkdirs(String destPath) {
		File file =new File(destPath); 
		//當(dāng)文件夾不存在時(shí)，mkdirs會(huì)自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建多層目錄，區(qū)別于mkdir．(mkdir如果父目錄不存在則會(huì)拋出異常)
		if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {
			file.mkdirs();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 生成二維碼(內(nèi)嵌LOGO)
	 * 
	 * @param content
	 *   內(nèi)容
	 * @param imgPath
	 *   LOGO地址
	 * @param destPath
	 *   存儲(chǔ)地址
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath)
			throws Exception {
		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, imgPath, destPath, false);
	}

	/**
	 * 生成二維碼
	 * 
	 * @param content
	 *   內(nèi)容
	 * @param destPath
	 *   存儲(chǔ)地址
	 * @param needCompress
	 *   是否壓縮LOGO
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static void encode(String content, String destPath,
			boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, needCompress);
	}

	/**
	 * 生成二維碼
	 * 
	 * @param content
	 *   內(nèi)容
	 * @param destPath
	 *   存儲(chǔ)地址
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static void encode(String content, String destPath) throws Exception {
		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, false);
	}

	/**
	 * 生成二維碼(內(nèi)嵌LOGO)
	 * 
	 * @param content
	 *   內(nèi)容
	 * @param imgPath
	 *   LOGO地址
	 * @param output
	 *   輸出流
	 * @param needCompress
	 *   是否壓縮LOGO
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static void encode(String content, String imgPath,
			OutputStream output, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
		BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath,
				needCompress);
		ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, output);
	}

	/**
	 * 生成二維碼
	 * 
	 * @param content
	 *   內(nèi)容
	 * @param output
	 *   輸出流
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static void encode(String content, OutputStream output)
			throws Exception {
		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, output, false);
	}

	/**
	 * 解析二維碼
	 * 
	 * @param file
	 *   二維碼圖片
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String decode(File file) throws Exception {
		BufferedImage image;
		image = ImageIO.read(file);
		if (image == null) {
			return null;
		}
		BufferedImageLuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(
				image);
		BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));
		Result result;
		Hashtable<DecodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<DecodeHintType, Object>();
		hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
		result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints);
		String resultStr = result.getText();
		return resultStr;
	}

	/**
	 * 解析二維碼
	 * 
	 * @param path
	 *   二維碼圖片地址
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String decode(String path) throws Exception {
		return QRCodeUtil.decode(new File(path));
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		String text = "http://www.yihaomen.com";
		QRCodeUtil.encode(text, "c:/me.jpg", "c:/barcode", true);
	}
}

生成不帶logo 的二維碼

程序代碼如下：

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
  String text = "http://www.dans88.com.cn";
  QRCodeUtil.encode(text,"","d:/MyWorkDoc",true);
}

運(yùn)行這個(gè)測(cè)試方法，生成的二維碼不帶 logo , 樣式如下:

有興趣可以用手機(jī)掃描一下

生成帶logo 的二維碼

logo 可以用自己的頭像，或者自己喜歡的一個(gè)圖片都可以 , 采用如下代碼，程序代碼如下：

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
  String text = "http://www.dans88.com.cn";
  QRCodeUtil.encode(text, "d:/MyWorkDoc/my180.jpg", "d:/MyWorkDoc", true);
 }

唯一的區(qū)別是，在前面的基礎(chǔ)上指定了logo 的地址，這里測(cè)試都用了c盤(pán)的圖片文件