int main(){ 
  try{ 
    throw ‘H'; 
  } 
  catch (int){ 
    cout << "int exception.\n"; 
  } 
  cout << "That's ok.\n"; 
 
  return 0; 
} 

#include <iostream> 
#include <cstdio> 
using namespace std; 
 
 
class MyException {}; 
 
class Test 
{ 
public: 
  Test(int a = 0, int b = 0) 
  { 
    this->a = a; 
    this->b = b; 
    cout << "Test 構造函數(shù)執(zhí)行" << "a:" << a << " b: " << b << endl; 
  } 
  void printT() 
  { 
    cout << "a:" << a << " b: " << b << endl; 
  } 
  ~Test() 
  { 
    cout << "Test 析構函數(shù)執(zhí)行" << "a:" << a << " b: " << b << endl; 
  } 
private: 
  int a; 
  int b; 
}; 
 
void myFunc() throw (MyException) 
{ 
  Test t1; 
  Test t2; 
 
  cout << "定義了兩個棧變量,異常拋出后測試棧變量的如何被析構" << endl; 
 
  throw MyException(); 
} 
 
int main() 
{ 
  //異常被拋出后，從進入try塊起，到異常被拋擲前，這期間在棧上的構造的所有對象， 
  //都會被自動析構。析構的順序與構造的順序相反。 
  //這一過程稱為棧的解旋(unwinding) 
  try 
  { 
    myFunc(); 
  } 
  //catch(MyException &e) //這里不能訪問異常對象 
  catch (MyException) //這里不能訪問異常對象 
  { 
    cout << "接收到MyException類型異常" << endl; 
  } 
  catch (...) 
  { 
    cout << "未知類型異常" << endl; 
  } 
 
  return 0; 
} 

#include <iostream> 
#include <cstdio> 
using namespace std; 
 
// 傳統(tǒng)的錯誤處理機制 
int myStrcpy(char *to, char *from) 
{ 
  if (from == NULL) { 
    return 1; 
  } 
  if (to == NULL) { 
    return 2; 
  } 
 
  // copy時的場景檢查 
  if (*from == 'a') { 
    return 3; // copy時錯誤 
  } 
  while (*from != '\0') { 
    *to = *from; 
    to++; 
    from++; 
  } 
  *to = '\0'; 
 
  return 0; 
} 
 
int main() 
{ 
  int ret = 0; 
  char buf1[] = "zbcdefg"; 
  char buf2[1024] = { 0 }; 
 
  ret = myStrcpy(buf2, buf1); 
  if (ret != 0) { 
    switch (ret) { 
    case 1: 
      cout << "源buf出錯!\n"; 
      break; 
    case 2: 
      cout << "目的buf出錯!\n"; 
      break; 
    case 3: 
      cout << "copy過程出錯!\n"; 
      break; 
    default: 
      cout << "未知錯誤!\n"; 
      break; 
    } 
  } 
  cout << "buf2:\n" << buf2; 
  cout << endl; 
 
  return 0; 
} 

#include <iostream> 
#include <cstdio> 
using namespace std; 
 
// throw char * 
void myStrcpy(char *to, char *from) 
{ 
  if (from == NULL) { 
    throw "源buf出錯"; 
  } 
  if (to == NULL) { 
    throw "目的buf出錯"; 
  } 
 
  // copy時的場景檢查 
  if (*from == 'a') { 
    throw "copy過程出錯"; // copy時錯誤 
  } 
  while (*from != '\0') { 
    *to = *from; 
    to++; 
    from++; 
  } 
  *to = '\0'; 
 
  return; 
} 
 
int main() 
{ 
  int ret = 0; 
  char buf1[] = "abcdefg"; 
  char buf2[1024] = { 0 }; 
 
  try 
  { 
    myStrcpy(buf2, buf1); 
  } 
  catch (int e) // e可以寫可以不寫 
  { 
    cout << e << "int類型異常" << endl; 
  } 
  catch (char *e) 
  { 
    cout << "char* 類型異常" << endl; 
  } 
  catch (...) 
  { 
  }; 
  cout << endl; 
 
  return 0; 
} 

#include <iostream> 
#include <cstdio> 
using namespace std; 
 
class BadSrcType {}; 
class BadDestType {}; 
class BadProcessType 
{ 
public: 
  BadProcessType() 
  { 
    cout << "BadProcessType構造函數(shù)do \n"; 
  } 
 
 
  BadProcessType(const BadProcessType &obj) 
  { 
    cout << "BadProcessType copy構造函數(shù)do \n"; 
  } 
 
  ~BadProcessType() 
  { 
    cout << "BadProcessType析構函數(shù)do \n"; 
  } 
 
}; 

void my_strcpy3(char *to, char *from) 
{ 
  if (from == NULL) 
  { 
    throw BadSrcType(); 
  } 
  if (to == NULL) 
  { 
    throw BadDestType(); 
  } 
 
  //copy是的 場景檢查 
  if (*from == 'a') 
  { 
    printf("開始 BadProcessType類型異常 \n"); 
    throw BadProcessType(); //會不會產(chǎn)生一個匿名對象? 
  } 
 
  if (*from == 'b') 
  { 
    throw &(BadProcessType()); //會不會產(chǎn)生一個匿名對象? 
  } 
 
  if (*from == 'c') 
  { 
    throw new BadProcessType; //會不會產(chǎn)生一個匿名對象? 
  } 
  while (*from != '\0') 
  { 
    *to = *from; 
    to++; 
    from++; 
  } 
  *to = '\0'; 
} 
 
int main() 
{ 
  int ret = 0; 
  char buf1[] = "cbbcdefg"; 
  char buf2[1024] = { 0 }; 
 
  try 
  { 
    //my_strcpy1(buf2, buf1); 
    //my_strcpy2(buf2, buf1); 
    my_strcpy3(buf2, buf1); 
  } 
  catch (int e) //e可以寫 也可以不寫 
  { 
    cout << e << " int類型異常" << endl; 
  } 
  catch (char *e) 
  { 
    cout << e << " char* 類型異常" << endl; 
  } 
 
  //--- 
  catch (BadSrcType e) 
  { 
    cout << " BadSrcType 類型異常" << endl; 
  } 
  catch (BadDestType e) 
  { 
    cout << " BadDestType 類型異常" << endl; 
  } 
  //結(jié)論1: 如果 接受異常的時候 使用一個異常變量,則copy構造異常變量.  
  /* 
  catch( BadProcessType e) //是把匿名對象copy給e 還是e還是那個匿名對象 
  { 
  cout << " BadProcessType 類型異常" << endl; 
  } 
  */ 
  /*結(jié)論2: 使用引用的話 會使用throw時候的那個對象 
  catch( BadProcessType &e) //是把匿名對象copy給e 還是e還是那個匿名對象 
  { 
  cout << " BadProcessType 類型異常" << endl; 
  } 
  */ 
 
  //結(jié)論3: 指針可以和引用/元素寫在一塊 但是引用和元素不能寫在一塊 
  catch (BadProcessType *e) //是把匿名對象copy給e 還是e還是那個匿名對象 
  { 
    cout << " BadProcessType 類型異常" << endl; 
    delete e; 
  } 
 
  //結(jié)論4: 類對象時, 使用引用比較合適  
 
  // -- 
  catch (...) 
  { 
    cout << "未知 類型異常" << endl; 
  } 
 
  return 0; 
}