在winform下實(shí)現(xiàn)左右布局多窗口界面的方法

更新時(shí)間：2016年02月29日 09:48:25 作者：夢(mèng)在旅途

在web頁(yè)面上我們可以通過(guò)frameset,iframe嵌套框架很容易實(shí)現(xiàn)各種導(dǎo)航+內(nèi)容的布局界面，而在winform、WPF中實(shí)現(xiàn)其實(shí)也很容易，通過(guò)本文給大家介紹在winform下實(shí)現(xiàn)左右布局多窗口界面的方法，本文介紹的非常詳細(xì)，對(duì)winform布局相關(guān)知識(shí)感興趣的朋友一起學(xué)習(xí)吧

在web頁(yè)面上我們可以通過(guò)frameset,iframe嵌套框架很容易實(shí)現(xiàn)各種導(dǎo)航+內(nèi)容的布局界面，而在winform、WPF中實(shí)現(xiàn)其實(shí)也很容易，我這里就分享一個(gè)：在winform下實(shí)現(xiàn)左右布局多窗口界面。

我這里說(shuō)的多窗口是指一個(gè)父窗口包含多個(gè)子窗口，在winform中實(shí)現(xiàn)這種效果很簡(jiǎn)單，即將某個(gè)窗口的IsMdiContainer設(shè)為true,然后將其它子窗口的MdiParent設(shè)為其父窗口對(duì)象即可，這樣就完成了一個(gè)多窗口界面，效果如下：

點(diǎn)擊NEW新打開(kāi)一個(gè)窗口，其效果如下：

請(qǐng)看我上圖紅色標(biāo)注的地方，Windows菜單項(xiàng)下面顯示的是當(dāng)前所有已打開(kāi)的子窗口，點(diǎn)擊某個(gè)菜單，即可快速切換到其它窗口，若關(guān)閉某個(gè)子窗口，與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的菜單項(xiàng)也會(huì)自動(dòng)被移除，實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)功能也很簡(jiǎn)單，只需要將菜單的MdiWindowListItem屬性設(shè)為需要顯示活動(dòng)窗口列表的菜單項(xiàng)即可，如：this.menuStrip1.MdiWindowListItem = this.windowsToolStripMenuItem;

上述示例完整的實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼如下：

public partial class FormMdi : Form
{
private int formCount = 0;
public FormMdi()
{
InitializeComponent();
this.menuStrip1.MdiWindowListItem = this.windowsToolStripMenuItem;
}
private void newToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
ShowChildForm<FormChild>();
}
private void ShowChildForm<TForm>() where TForm : Form, new()
{
TForm childForm = new TForm();
childForm.Name = "frm" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");
childForm.Text = string.Format("Child Form -{0}", ++formCount);
childForm.MdiParent = this;
childForm.WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized;
childForm.Show();
}
}

相信實(shí)現(xiàn)上面這部份功能一般用過(guò)winform的人都會(huì)操作，我這里就當(dāng)是復(fù)習(xí)順便給新手一個(gè)參考，同時(shí)也為下面要實(shí)現(xiàn)的左右布局功能做一個(gè)鋪墊吧。

要實(shí)現(xiàn)左右布局，并且能夠支持可動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整左右占比的功能，非SplitContainer控件莫屬了，如果不了解該控件用法請(qǐng)自行在網(wǎng)上查找相關(guān)資料，我這里就不作說(shuō)明，如果要顯示W(wǎng)INDOWS已打開(kāi)的子窗口情況，同樣也需要用到MenuStrip控件，

最終設(shè)計(jì)的主窗口（FormMain）效果如下：

我這里因?yàn)橹皇茄菔?，所以菜單控件上我只添加了兩個(gè)菜單項(xiàng)，分別為：WINDOWS，用于顯示W(wǎng)INDOWS已打開(kāi)的子窗口列表，NEW，用于打開(kāi)一個(gè)子窗口；SplitContainer控件全部采用默認(rèn)的，沒(méi)有放置任何控件在其中，如果用在正式系統(tǒng)中，一般左邊Panel1中會(huì)放置一個(gè)樹(shù)形菜單，右邊Panel2中保持空即可，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)是用來(lái)作為子窗口的容器。

控件層次結(jié)構(gòu)如下圖示：

界面設(shè)計(jì)好了，下面就實(shí)現(xiàn)最重要的兩個(gè)功能。

第一個(gè)功能：在右邊Panel2中顯示子窗口，實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼如下：

public FormMain()
｛
this.IsMdiContainer = true;
｝
private void ShowChildForm<TForm>() where TForm : Form, new()
{
TForm childForm = new TForm();
childForm.Name = "frm" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");
childForm.Text = string.Format("Child Form -{0}", ++formCount);
childForm.MdiParent = this;
childForm.Parent = splitContainer1.Panel2;
childForm.WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized;
childForm.Show();
}

簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明:

1.在窗口構(gòu)造函數(shù)中動(dòng)態(tài)的將IsMdiContainer設(shè)為true,當(dāng)然也可以設(shè)計(jì)視圖中設(shè)置；

2.編寫(xiě)一個(gè)顯示寫(xiě)子窗口的方法，方法中需注意的地方：childForm.MdiParent = this；childForm.Parent = splitContainer1.Panel2，意思是：將當(dāng)前窗口作為子窗口的父窗口，同時(shí)將Panel2指定為子窗口的父對(duì)象，這樣就能實(shí)現(xiàn)子窗口在Panel2中打開(kāi)了。

第二個(gè)功能：在WINDOWS菜單項(xiàng)下顯示已打開(kāi)的子窗口列表，這里實(shí)現(xiàn)就沒(méi)有像文章一開(kāi)始介紹的那樣簡(jiǎn)單，使用那個(gè)方法是無(wú)效的，需要我們來(lái)自行實(shí)現(xiàn)，稍微有點(diǎn)復(fù)雜，但如果明白其實(shí)現(xiàn)原理，也就簡(jiǎn)單明白了。

實(shí)現(xiàn)思路：當(dāng)childForm加載到Panel2時(shí)，會(huì)觸發(fā)Panel2.ControlAdded事件，當(dāng)childForm被關(guān)閉時(shí)，會(huì)觸發(fā)Panel2.ControlRemoved事件，我們可以統(tǒng)一訂閱這兩個(gè)事件，當(dāng)childForm加載時(shí)，那么就在WINDOWS菜單項(xiàng)下增加一個(gè)菜單項(xiàng)，反之則移除該菜單項(xiàng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼如下：

this.splitContainer1.Panel2.ControlAdded += Panel2_ControlChanged;
this.splitContainer1.Panel2.ControlRemoved += Panel2_ControlChanged;
void Panel2_ControlChanged(object sender, ControlEventArgs e)
{
var frm = e.Control as Form;
string menuName = "menu_" + frm.Name;
bool exists = this.splitContainer1.Panel2.Controls.Contains(frm);
if (exists)
{
var menuItem = GetMenuItem(menuName);
if (menuItem != null)
{
menuItem.Checked = true;
frm.BringToFront();
frm.Focus();
}
else
{
windowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.Add(new ToolStripMenuItem() { Text = frm.Text, Name = menuName, Tag = frm, Checked = true });
}
}
else
{
var menuItem = GetMenuItem(menuName);
if (menuItem != null)
{
windowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.Remove(menuItem);
menuItem.Dispose();
}
}
}
private ToolStripMenuItem GetMenuItem(string menuName)
{
var menuItems = windowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.Cast<ToolStripMenuItem>();
menuItems.ToList().ForEach(m => m.Checked = false);
return menuItems.Where(m => m.Name == menuName).SingleOrDefault();
}

同時(shí)為了實(shí)現(xiàn)點(diǎn)擊WINDOWS菜單項(xiàng)的子菜單能夠快速切換子窗口，需要訂閱WINDOWS菜單項(xiàng)的DropDownItemClicked事件，當(dāng)然也可以為新增的子菜單項(xiàng)訂閱Click事件，實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼如下：

windowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItemClicked += windowsToolStripMenuItem_DropDownItemClicked;
void windowsToolStripMenuItem_DropDownItemClicked(object sender, ToolStripItemClickedEventArgs e)
{
var menuItem = GetMenuItem(e.ClickedItem.Name);
menuItem.Checked = true;
var childForm = menuItem.Tag as Form;
childForm.BringToFront();
childForm.Focus();
}
private void CheckWindowsMenuItem(string menuName)
{
var menuItem = GetMenuItem(menuName);
if (menuItem != null)
{
menuItem.Checked = true;
}
}

這樣就基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了在WINDOWS菜單項(xiàng)下顯示已打開(kāi)的子窗口列表，并點(diǎn)擊指定的菜單項(xiàng)能夠切換當(dāng)前活動(dòng)的子窗口，但仍有一個(gè)不足的地方，那就是，當(dāng)直接點(diǎn)擊子窗口來(lái)切換當(dāng)前活動(dòng)窗口時(shí)（說(shuō)白了就是當(dāng)點(diǎn)擊某個(gè)子窗口標(biāo)題欄，該窗口就顯示在其它所有的子窗口最前面），WINDOWS菜單項(xiàng)下的子菜單勾選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有同步更新，一開(kāi)始想到的是用Activated事件來(lái)進(jìn)行處理，結(jié)果經(jīng)測(cè)試發(fā)現(xiàn)有效，該Activated事件在點(diǎn)擊子窗口標(biāo)題欄時(shí)并不會(huì)被觸發(fā)，所以只能換種方法，經(jīng)過(guò)多次測(cè)試，發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)窗口從后面切換到前面時(shí)（稱(chēng)為Z順序改變），子窗口就會(huì)發(fā)生重繪，從而觸發(fā)Paint方法，我們可以訂閱該事件，并進(jìn)行處理，實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼如下：

private string currentChildFormName = null; //記錄當(dāng)前活動(dòng)子窗口名稱(chēng)
childForm.Paint += (s, e) => { 
var frm=s as Form;
if (!frm.Name.Equals(currentChildFormName) && this.splitContainer1.Panel2.Controls[0].Equals(frm)) //當(dāng)容器中第一個(gè)控件就是當(dāng)前的窗口，則表明該窗口處于所有窗口之上
{
CheckWindowsMenuItem("menu_" + frm.Name);
currentChildFormName = frm.Name;
}
};

最后貼出完整的實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WindowsFormsApplication1
{
public partial class FormMain : Form
{
private int formCount = 0;
private string currentChildFormName = null;
public FormMain()
{
InitializeComponent();
this.IsMdiContainer = true;
this.splitContainer1.Panel2.ControlAdded += Panel2_ControlChanged;
this.splitContainer1.Panel2.ControlRemoved += Panel2_ControlChanged;
windowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItemClicked += windowsToolStripMenuItem_DropDownItemClicked;
}
void windowsToolStripMenuItem_DropDownItemClicked(object sender, ToolStripItemClickedEventArgs e)
{
var menuItem = GetMenuItem(e.ClickedItem.Name);
menuItem.Checked = true;
var childForm = menuItem.Tag as Form;
childForm.BringToFront();
childForm.Focus();
}
private void FormMain_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
ShowChildForm<FormChild>();
}
private void ShowChildForm<TForm>() where TForm : Form, new()
{
TForm childForm = new TForm();
childForm.Name = "frm" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");
childForm.Text = string.Format("Child Form -{0}", ++formCount);
childForm.MdiParent = this;
childForm.Parent = splitContainer1.Panel2;
childForm.WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized;
childForm.Paint += (s, e) => { 
var frm=s as Form;
if (!frm.Name.Equals(currentChildFormName) && this.splitContainer1.Panel2.Controls[0].Equals(frm)) //當(dāng)容器中第一個(gè)控件就是當(dāng)前的窗口，則表明該窗口處于所有窗口之上
{
CheckWindowsMenuItem("menu_" + frm.Name);
currentChildFormName = frm.Name;
}
};
childForm.Show();
}
private void CheckWindowsMenuItem(string menuName)
{
var menuItem = GetMenuItem(menuName);
if (menuItem != null)
{
menuItem.Checked = true;
}
}
void Panel2_ControlChanged(object sender, ControlEventArgs e)
{
var frm = e.Control as Form;
string menuName = "menu_" + frm.Name;
bool exists = this.splitContainer1.Panel2.Controls.Contains(frm);
if (exists)
{
var menuItem = GetMenuItem(menuName);
if (menuItem != null)
{
menuItem.Checked = true;
frm.BringToFront();
frm.Focus();
}
else
{
windowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.Add(new ToolStripMenuItem() { Text = frm.Text, Name = menuName, Tag = frm, Checked = true });
}
}
else
{
var menuItem = GetMenuItem(menuName);
if (menuItem != null)
{
windowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.Remove(menuItem);
menuItem.Dispose();
}
}
}
private ToolStripMenuItem GetMenuItem(string menuName)
{
var menuItems = windowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.Cast<ToolStripMenuItem>();
menuItems.ToList().ForEach(m => m.Checked = false);
return menuItems.Where(m => m.Name == menuName).SingleOrDefault();
}
private void newToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
ShowChildForm<FormChild>();
}
}
}

以下是系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)生成的代碼：

namespace WindowsFormsApplication1
{
partial class FormMain
{
/// <summary>
/// 必需的設(shè)計(jì)器變量。
/// </summary>
private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;
/// <summary>
/// 清理所有正在使用的資源。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="disposing">如果應(yīng)釋放托管資源，為 true；否則為 false。</param>
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing && (components != null))
{
components.Dispose();
}
base.Dispose(disposing);
}
#region Windows 窗體設(shè)計(jì)器生成的代碼
/// <summary>
/// 設(shè)計(jì)器支持所需的方法 - 不要
/// 使用代碼編輯器修改此方法的內(nèi)容。
/// </summary>
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.menuStrip1 = new System.Windows.Forms.MenuStrip();
this.windowsToolStripMenuItem = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem();
this.newToolStripMenuItem = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem();
this.splitContainer1 = new System.Windows.Forms.SplitContainer();
this.menuStrip1.SuspendLayout();
((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.splitContainer1)).BeginInit();
this.splitContainer1.SuspendLayout();
this.SuspendLayout();
// 
// menuStrip1
// 
this.menuStrip1.Items.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripItem[] {
this.windowsToolStripMenuItem,
this.newToolStripMenuItem});
this.menuStrip1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0);
this.menuStrip1.MdiWindowListItem = this.windowsToolStripMenuItem;
this.menuStrip1.Name = "menuStrip1";
this.menuStrip1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(1069, 25);
this.menuStrip1.TabIndex = 1;
this.menuStrip1.Text = "menuStrip1";
// 
// windowsToolStripMenuItem
// 
this.windowsToolStripMenuItem.Name = "windowsToolStripMenuItem";
this.windowsToolStripMenuItem.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(73, 21);
this.windowsToolStripMenuItem.Text = "Windows";
this.windowsToolStripMenuItem.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.windowsToolStripMenuItem_Click);
// 
// newToolStripMenuItem
// 
this.newToolStripMenuItem.Name = "newToolStripMenuItem";
this.newToolStripMenuItem.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(46, 21);
this.newToolStripMenuItem.Text = "New";
this.newToolStripMenuItem.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.newToolStripMenuItem_Click);
// 
// splitContainer1
// 
this.splitContainer1.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ActiveCaption;
this.splitContainer1.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill;
this.splitContainer1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 25);
this.splitContainer1.Name = "splitContainer1";
// 
// splitContainer1.Panel2
// 
this.splitContainer1.Panel2.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ScrollBar;
this.splitContainer1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(1069, 526);
this.splitContainer1.SplitterDistance = 356;
this.splitContainer1.TabIndex = 2;
// 
// FormMain
// 
this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F);
this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(1069, 551);
this.Controls.Add(this.splitContainer1);
this.Controls.Add(this.menuStrip1);
this.MainMenuStrip = this.menuStrip1;
this.Name = "FormMain";
this.Text = "FormMain";
this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.FormMain_Load);
this.menuStrip1.ResumeLayout(false);
this.menuStrip1.PerformLayout();
((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.splitContainer1)).EndInit();
this.splitContainer1.ResumeLayout(false);
this.ResumeLayout(false);
this.PerformLayout();
}
#endregion
private System.Windows.Forms.MenuStrip menuStrip1;
private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem windowsToolStripMenuItem;
private System.Windows.Forms.SplitContainer splitContainer1;
private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem newToolStripMenuItem;
}
}

以下是效果演示截圖：

以上內(nèi)容給大家分享了在winform下實(shí)現(xiàn)左右布局多窗口界面的方法，有什么更好的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法可以在下方評(píng)論，不足之處也歡迎指出，謝謝！下面將給大家介紹在winform下實(shí)現(xiàn)左右布局多窗口界面的方法之續(xù)篇，感興趣的朋友繼續(xù)關(guān)注。

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