1.對(duì)象適合于收集和管理數(shù)據(jù)，容易形成樹型結(jié)構(gòu)。
Javascript包括一個(gè)原型鏈特性，允許對(duì)象繼承另一對(duì)象的屬性。正確的使用它能減少對(duì)象的初始化時(shí)間和內(nèi)存消耗。
2.函數(shù)它們是javascript的基礎(chǔ)模塊單元，用于代碼復(fù)用、信息隱藏和組合調(diào)用。函數(shù)用于指定對(duì)象的行為。一般來說，編程就是將一組需求分解成一組函數(shù)和數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的技能。
3.模塊我們可以使用函數(shù)和閉包來構(gòu)造模塊。模塊是一個(gè)提供接口卻隱藏實(shí)現(xiàn)狀態(tài)和實(shí)現(xiàn)的函數(shù)或?qū)ο蟆?

function Person (name, age, job) {
  // 實(shí)例變量
  this.name = name;
  this.age = age;
  this.job = job;
}
Person.prototype.sayName = function () {
  alert(this.name);
}

var person1 = new Person('Nicholas', 29, 'Software Engineer');
var person2 = new Person('Greg', 27, 'Doctor');
function SuperType (name) {
  this.name = name;
  this.colors = ['red','blue', 'green'];
}

SuperType.prototype.sayName = function () {
  console.log(this.name);
}

function SubType (name, age) {
  // 繼承屬性
  SuperType.call(this,name);
  this.age = age;
}

// 繼承方法
SubType.prototype = new SuperType();

SubType.prototype.sayAge = function () {
  console.log(this.age)
}

var instance1 = new SubType('Nicholas', 29);
instance1.colors.push('black')
console.log(instance1.colors);
instance1.sayName();
instance1.sayAge();

var instance2 = new SubType('Greg', 27)
console.log(instance2.colors);
instance2.sayName();
instance2.sayAge();

function inheritPrototype (subType,superType) {
  var prototype = Object.creat(superType.prototype);
  prototype.constructor = subType;
  subType.prototype = prototype;
};

function SuperType (name) {
  this.name = name;
  this.colors = ['red', 'blue', 'green'];
}
SuperType.prototype.sayName = function () {
  console.log(this.name);
}
function SubType(name, age) {
  //繼承屬性
  SuperType.call(this,name);
  this.age = age;
}
//繼承方法
inheritPrototype(SubType,SuperType);
SubType.prototype.sayAge = function () {
  console.log(this.age);
}

var instance = new SubType();

function myMammal = {
  name : 'Herb the Mammal',
  get_name : function () {
    return this.name;
  },
  says : function () {
    return this.saying || '';
  }
}

var myCat = Object.create(myMammal);
myCat.name = 'Henrietta';
myCat.saying = 'meow';
myCat.purr = function (n) {
  var i, s = '';
  for (i = 0;i < n; i += 1) {
    if(s) {
      s += '-'
    }
    s += 'r';
  }
  return s;
}

myCat.get_name = function () {
  return this.says + ' ' + this.name + this.says;
}

Function.prototype.method = function (name,func) {
  this.prototype[name] = func;
  return this; 
}
// 工廠mammal函數(shù)
var mammal = function (spec) {
  var that = {};

  that.get_name = function () {
    return spec.name;
  }
  that.says = function (spec) {
    return spec.saying || '';
  } 

  return that;
}

// 工廠cat函數(shù)(基于mammal的函數(shù))
var cat = function (spec) {
  spec.saying = spec.saying || 'meow';
  var that = mammal(spec);
  that.purr = function (n) {
    var i, s = '';
    for (i = 0; i < n; i += 1) {
      if(s) {
        s += '-';
      }
      s += 'r';
    }
  }
  that.get_name = function () {
    return that.says() + ' ' + spec.name + ' ' + that.says();
  }
  return that;
}

// 創(chuàng)建myCat對(duì)象
var myCat = cat({name: 'Henrietta'});

Object.method('superior',function (name) {
  var that = this,
    method = that[name];
  return function () {
    return method.apply(that, arguments)
  }
})

// 工廠coolcat函數(shù)(基于cat函數(shù))
var coolcat = function (spec) {
  var that = cat(spec),
    super_get_name = that.superior('get_name');
  that.get_name = function (n) {
    return 'like ' + super_get_name() + ' baby';
  }
  return that;
}

var myCoolCat = coolcat({name : 'Bix'});

var name = myCoolCat.get_name();

var singleton = function () {
  // 私有變量和函數(shù)
  var privateVariable = 10;

  function privateFunction () {
    return false;
  }
  //特權(quán)/公有方法和屬性
  return {
    publicProvperty: true;

    publicMethod: function () {
      privateVariable++;
      return privateFunction();
    }
  }
}

var singleton = function () {
  // 私有變量和函數(shù)
  var privateVariable = 10;

  function privateFunction () {
    return false
  }
  // 創(chuàng)建對(duì)象
  var object = new CustomType();

  // 添加特權(quán)/公有屬性和方法
  object.publicProperty = true;
  object.publicMethod = function () {
    privateVariable++;
    return privateFunction();
  }

  return object;
}()