在阿里云的CentOS環(huán)境中安裝配置MySQL的教程
更新時(shí)間：2015年12月16日 11:21:03 作者：fengyqf
這篇文章主要介紹了在阿里云的CentOS環(huán)境中安裝配置MySQL的教程,注意一下文章開頭所提到的系統(tǒng)自帶MariaDB的問(wèn)題,需要的朋友可以參考下
1 常規(guī)錯(cuò)誤的yum安裝方法：
在前文中記述了CentOS 6.5系統(tǒng)中通過(guò)yum方式快速地搭建了LNMP環(huán)境，那么是否也能在CentOS 7或CentOS 7.1系統(tǒng)中依葫蘆畫瓢安裝MySql5.6.24呢？答案是否定的。
[root@typecodes ~]# yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel .....................。 ....省略部分安裝過(guò)程.... .....................。 Installed: mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 Dependency Installed: keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.12.2-14.el7 libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.42.9-7.el7 libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.2.2-6.el7 libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.1.9-3.el7 libverto-devel.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7 openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-42.el7.4 pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-14.el7 zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-13.el7 Complete!
從上面的安裝結(jié)果可以看出，沒(méi)有安裝mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，而是安裝了mariadb數(shù)據(jù)！因?yàn)樵贑entOS 7和CentOS 7.1系統(tǒng)中，默認(rèn)安裝的mysql是它的分支mariadb。這里引用下百度百科關(guān)于mariadb的描述：
MariaDB數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)是MySQL的一個(gè)分支，主要由開源社區(qū)在維護(hù)，采用GPL授權(quán)許可 MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL，包括API和命令行，使之能輕松成為MySQL的代替品。
因此，下面這些正常的MySQL操作都是無(wú)效的：
#######無(wú)法把mysql服務(wù)加入系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng) [root@typecodes ~]# chkconfig mysqld on error reading information on service mysqld: No such file or directory #######啟動(dòng)不了mysql [root@typecodes ~]# service mysqld start Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service Failed to issue method call: Unit mysqld.service failed to load: No such file or directory. #######沒(méi)有安裝mysql相關(guān)包 [root@typecodes ~]# rpm -qa |grep mysql php-mysql-5.4.16-23.el7_0.3.x86_64 [root@typecodes ~]#
2 正確的安裝方法：
眾所周知，Linux系統(tǒng)自帶的repo是不會(huì)自動(dòng)更新每個(gè)軟件的最新版本（基本都是比較靠后的穩(wěn)定版），所以無(wú)法通過(guò)yum方式安裝MySQL的高級(jí)版本。所以我們需要先安裝帶有當(dāng)前可用的mysql5系列社區(qū)版資源的rpm包。
#######安裝rpm包 [root@typecodes ~]# rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
Retrieving http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-release-el7-5 ################################# [100%]
這時(shí)查看當(dāng)前可用的mysql安裝資源：
[root@typecodes ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 14 mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 17 mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server 139
從上面的列表可以看出， mysql56-community/x86_64 和 MySQL 5.6 Community Server 可以使用。
因此，我們就可以直接用yum方式安裝了MySQL5.6版本了。
[root@typecodes ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server
Loaded plugins: axelget, langpacks No metadata available for base No metadata available for epel No metadata available for extras (Failed to load module fastestmirror: No module named fastestmirror) repomd.xml | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 update mysql-connectors-community metadata successfully (Failed to load module fastestmirror: No module named fastestmirror) repomd.xml | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 update mysql-tools-community metadata successfully (Failed to load module fastestmirror: No module named fastestmirror) repomd.xml | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 update mysql56-community metadata successfully No metadata available for updates mysql-connectors-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 mysql-tools-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 mysql56-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 (1/3): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/primary_db | 7.3 kB 00:00:00 (2/3): mysql56-community/x86_64/primary_db | 83 kB 00:00:01 mysql-tools-community/x86_64/p FAILED ============================================== ] 19 kB/s | 92 kB 00:00:00 ETA http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/x86_64/repodata/3301d2eb425f300dec5a46c4201d08f2cf9232a6-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/x86_64/repodata/3301d2eb425f300dec5a46c4201d08f2cf9232a6-primary.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 3 seconds') Trying other mirror. (3/3): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/primary_db | 15 kB 00:00:00 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.6.24-3.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) = 5.6.24-3.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 will be obsoleted ---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be obsoleting --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) = 5.6.24-3.el7 for package: mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 ---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlServer) >= 0.2001 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlClient) >= 0.2000 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 will be obsoleted --> Processing Dependency: mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 for package: 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 ---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be obsoleting ---> Package perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon) >= 0.13 for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Test) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Log) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Zlib) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 will be obsoleted ---> Package mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be obsoleting ---> Package perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Zlib) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Bzip2) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch ---> Package perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================================================================= Installing: mysql-community-client x86_64 5.6.24-3.el7 mysql56-community 19 M replacing mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mysql-community-devel x86_64 5.6.24-3.el7 mysql56-community 3.4 M replacing mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.6.24-3.el7 mysql56-community 2.0 M replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mysql-community-server x86_64 5.6.24-3.el7 mysql56-community 58 M Installing for dependencies: mysql-community-common x86_64 5.6.24-3.el7 mysql56-community 256 k perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2 x86_64 2.061-3.el7 base 32 k perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 base 57 k perl-DBI x86_64 1.627-4.el7 base 802 k perl-IO-Compress noarch 2.061-2.el7 base 260 k perl-Net-Daemon noarch 0.48-5.el7 base 51 k perl-PlRPC noarch 0.2020-14.el7 base 36 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================================================= Install 4 Packages (+7 Dependent packages) Total download size: 83 M Downloading packages: mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 3.4 MB 00:00:03 mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 19 MB 00:00:05 mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 58 MB 00:00:11 mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.0 MB 00:00:02 perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 0 B 00:00:01 ... perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 802 kB 00:00:00 (1/6): perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 57 kB 00:00:00 (2/6): perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch.rpm | 51 kB 00:00:00 (3/6): perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch.rpm | 36 kB 00:00:00 (4/6): perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 32 kB 00:00:00 (5/6): perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 260 kB 00:00:00 warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql56-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY 00:00:01 ETA Public key for mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed (6/6): mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 256 kB 00:00:01 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 388 kB/s | 692 kB 00:00:01 Retrieving key from file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5: Userid : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>" Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5 Package : mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch (installed) From : file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum. Installing : mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 1/14 Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 2/14 Installing : mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 3/14 Installing : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 4/14 Installing : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 5/14 Installing : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 6/14 Installing : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 7/14 Installing : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 8/14 Installing : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 9/14 Installing : mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 10/14 Installing : mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 11/14 Erasing : 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 12/14 Erasing : 1:mariadb-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 13/14 Erasing : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 14/14 Verifying : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 1/14 Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 2/14 Verifying : mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 3/14 Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 4/14 Verifying : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 5/14 Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 6/14 Verifying : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 7/14 Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 8/14 Verifying : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 9/14 Verifying : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 10/14 Verifying : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 11/14 Verifying : 1:mariadb-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 12/14 Verifying : 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 13/14 Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 14/14 Installed: mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 Dependency Installed: mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 Replaced: mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 Complete!
3 MySQL安裝完成后，進(jìn)行相關(guān)配置
安裝完MySQL后，需要進(jìn)行一些基礎(chǔ)配置工作：
#######安裝成功后，將其加入開機(jī)啟動(dòng) [root@typecodes ~]# systemctl enable mysqld #######啟動(dòng)mysql服務(wù)進(jìn)程 [root@typecodes ~]# systemctl start mysqld #######配置mysql（設(shè)置密碼等） [root@typecodes ~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on... Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y [設(shè)置root用戶密碼] New password: Re-enter new password: Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success! By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y [刪除匿名用戶] ... Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y [禁止root遠(yuǎn)程登錄](méi) ... Success! By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y [刪除test數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)] - Dropping test database... ERROR 1008 (HY000) at line 1: Can't drop database 'test'; database doesn't exist ... Failed! Not critical, keep moving... - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y [刷新權(quán)限] ... Success! All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MySQL! Cleaning up...
4.可能有效的MySQL配置優(yōu)化
在原始配置文件 /etc/my.cnf 基礎(chǔ)上，在 [mysqld] 節(jié)內(nèi)增加配置參數(shù)。實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，請(qǐng)按硬件及負(fù)載酌情修改。
#add by feng 120418 -------------------------- #skip-locking skip-name-resolve skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 256M #table_cache = 3072 table_open_cache = 3072 read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M sort_buffer_size = 2M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 256M thread_cache_size = 8 query_cache_size= 512M query_cache_limit= 5M tmp_table_size=1024M max_heap_table_size=3000M max_allowed_packet = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=512M innodb_log_buffer_size=64M max_connections=2000 max_user_connections=800 join_buffer_size = 8M open_files_limit = 65535 #tmpdir=/dev/shm max_connect_errors=1000 #add by feng 120418 end ---------------------
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