關(guān)于URL最大長度限制的相關(guān)資料查證

更新時(shí)間：2014年12月23日 09:24:23 投稿：hebedich

這篇文章主要介紹了關(guān)于URL最大長度限制的相關(guān)資料查證，這里記錄一下，方便以后使用。

在開發(fā)調(diào)試支付寶接口時(shí)，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)支付寶接口的URL很長，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于之前自己印象中的255個(gè)字符。趕緊搜索查證了一番，理解如下：

URL不能大于255bytes的說法確實(shí)存在，在RFC2616中提到：

The HTTP protocol does not place any a priori limit on the length of a URI. Servers MUST be able to handle the URI of any resource they serve, and SHOULD be able to handle URIs of unbounded length if they provide GET-based forms that could generate such URIs. A server SHOULD return 414 (Request-URI Too Long) status if a URI is longer than the server can handle (see section 10.4.15).

Note: Servers ought to be cautious about depending on URI lengths above 255 bytes, because some older client or proxy implementations might not properly support these lengths.

從上一點(diǎn)也可以看出，255bytes的說法也是為了兼容性考慮。實(shí)際上現(xiàn)代瀏覽器的限制如下：

復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:

Microsoft Internet Explorer (Browser)
Microsoft states that the maximum length of a URL in Internet Explorer is 2,083 characters, with no more than 2,048 characters in the path portion of the URL. In my tests, attempts to use URLs longer than this produced a clear error message in Internet Explorer.

Firefox (Browser)
After 65,536 characters, the location bar no longer displays the URL in Windows Firefox 1.5.x. However, longer URLs will work. I stopped testing after 100,000 characters.

Safari (Browser)
At least 80,000 characters will work. I stopped testing after 80,000 characters.

Opera (Browser)
At least 190,000 characters will work. I stopped testing after 190,000 characters. Opera 9 for Windows continued to display a fully editable, copyable and pasteable URL in the location bar even at 190,000 characters.

Apache (Server)
My early attempts to measure the maximum URL length in web browsers bumped into a server URL length limit of approximately 4,000 characters, after which Apache produces a “413 Entity Too Large” error. I used the current up to date Apache build found in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4. The official Apache documentation only mentions an 8,192-byte limit on an individual field in a request.

Microsoft Internet Information Server
The default limit is 16,384 characters (yes, Microsoft's web server accepts longer URLs than Microsoft's web browser). This is configurable.

Perl HTTP::Daemon (Server)
Up to 8,000 bytes will work. Those constructing web application servers with Perl's HTTP::Daemon module will encounter a 16,384 byte limit on the combined size of all HTTP request headers. This does not include POST-method form data, file uploads, etc., but it does include the URL. In practice this resulted in a 413 error when a URL was significantly longer than 8,000 characters. This limitation can be easily removed. Look for all occurrences of 16×1024 in Daemon.pm and replace them with a larger value. Of course, this does increase your exposure to denial of service attacks.

另外值得注意的是，有文章提到作為<a>的href屬性時(shí)，URL不能超過1024bytes，這點(diǎn)沒有詳細(xì)查證

綜上，URL還是不適合太長，不是不得已，盡量不要通過GET方式提交大量參數(shù)，可以考慮用POST方式（大約在2M左右，應(yīng)該是和服務(wù)器及設(shè)定有關(guān)）。另外這么長的URL在訪問和收藏（有文章提到有些瀏覽器在收藏超長地址時(shí)也是會(huì)出現(xiàn)問題）時(shí)也是相當(dāng)不友好的。當(dāng)然，之前數(shù)據(jù)庫字段設(shè)置時(shí)還是作為255bytes處理，現(xiàn)在可能要考慮擴(kuò)充一下了。

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