android教程之使用asynctask在后臺運行耗時任務(wù)

更新時間：2014年02月14日 12:53:06 作者：

AsyncTask用在需要在ui線程中調(diào)用、在背景線程中執(zhí)行耗時任務(wù)、并且在ui線程中返回結(jié)果的場合。下面就是一個在背景中運行的AsyncTask的實現(xiàn)DownloadDBTask

， Android中實現(xiàn)了默認的進度提示對話框，即ProgressDialog，通過實例化和一些簡單設(shè)置，就可以使用了。

private class DownloadDBTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, String> {   
        // 可變長的輸入?yún)?shù)，與AsyncTask.exucute()對應(yīng)   
        ProgressDialog pdialog;   
        public DownloadDBTask(Context context){   
            pdialog = new ProgressDialog(context, 0);      
            pdialog.setButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {   
             public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int i) {   
              dialog.cancel();   
             }   
            });   
            pdialog.setOnCancelListener(new DialogInterface.OnCancelListener() {   
             public void onCancel(DialogInterface dialog) {   
              finish();   
             }   
            });
            pdialog.setTitle("第一次使用，正在下載數(shù)據(jù)...");
            pdialog.setCancelable(true);   
            pdialog.setMax(100);   
            pdialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL);   
            pdialog.show();   
        }

        @Override  
        protected String doInBackground(String... params) {   
            try{
                    if (DataOper.GetTopNearestPOIs(1, mDBHelper).size()==0)
                            DataOper.GetAllPtsFromNet(mDBHelper, pdialog); // 從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上下載數(shù)據(jù)記錄的功能
            } catch(Exception e) {   
                    e.printStackTrace();
            }   
            return null;
        }

        @Override  
        protected void onCancelled() {   
            super.onCancelled();   
        }   

        @Override  
        protected void onPostExecute(String result) {   
            pdialog.dismiss();    
        }   

        @Override  
        protected void onPreExecute() {
        }   

        @Override  
        protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {    
        }  
     }   

對于寫好的異步任務(wù)類，調(diào)用方法為：

復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:

DownloadDBTask task = new DownloadDBTask(context);   
task.execute("");

注意AsyncTask為泛型類，具有三個泛型參數(shù)，此處設(shè)計為 <String, Integer, String>，對應(yīng)于運行參數(shù)、進度值類型和返回參數(shù)。
從sdk的文檔中看到，當一個AsyncTask運行的過程中，經(jīng)歷了4個步驟:

1、onPreExecute(), 在excute調(diào)用后立即在ui線程中執(zhí)行。 This step is normally used to setup the task, for instance by showing a progress bar in the user interface.
2、doInBackground, 當 onPreExecute() 完成后, 立即在后臺線程中運行. This step is used to perform background computation that can take a long time. The parameters of the asynchronous task are passed to this step. The result of the computation must be returned by this step and will be passed back to the last step. This step can also use publishProgress to publish one or more units of progress. These values are published on the UI thread, in the onProgressUpdate step.
3、onProgressUpdate, 在調(diào)用publishProgress后，在ui線程中運行. The timing of the execution is undefined. This method is used to display any form of progress in the user interface while the background computation is still executing. For instance, it can be used to animate a progress bar or show logs in a text field.
4、onPostExecute, 后臺運算完成時在ui線程中調(diào)用. The result of the background computation is passed to this step as a parameter.

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