CREATE DATABASE atguigudb2;
USE atguigudb2;

#############    class 表    #################
CREATE TABLE `class` (
`id` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`className` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`address` VARCHAR(40) DEFAULT NULL,
`monitor` INT NULL ,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

#############    student 表    #################
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`stuno` INT NOT NULL ,
`name` VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`age` INT(3) DEFAULT NULL,
`classId` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
#CONSTRAINT `fk_class_id` FOREIGN KEY (`classId`) REFERENCES `t_class` (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

#################################

SET GLOBAL log_bin_trust_function_creators=1; # 不加global只是當(dāng)前窗口有效。

#隨機(jī)產(chǎn)生字符串
DELIMITER //
CREATE FUNCTION rand_string(n INT) RETURNS VARCHAR(255)
BEGIN
DECLARE chars_str VARCHAR(100) DEFAULT
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFJHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
DECLARE return_str VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT '';
DECLARE i INT DEFAULT 0;
WHILE i < n DO
SET return_str =CONCAT(return_str,SUBSTRING(chars_str,FLOOR(1+RAND()*52),1));
SET i = i + 1;
END WHILE;
RETURN return_str;
END //
DELIMITER ;
#假如要?jiǎng)h除
#drop function rand_string;

#用于隨機(jī)產(chǎn)生多少到多少的編號(hào)
DELIMITER //
CREATE FUNCTION rand_num (from_num INT ,to_num INT) RETURNS INT(11)
BEGIN
DECLARE i INT DEFAULT 0;
SET i = FLOOR(from_num +RAND()*(to_num - from_num+1)) ;
RETURN i;
END //
DELIMITER ;
#假如要?jiǎng)h除
#drop function rand_num;

#創(chuàng)建往stu表中插入數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程
DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE insert_stu( START INT , max_num INT )
BEGIN
DECLARE i INT DEFAULT 0;
SET autocommit = 0; #設(shè)置手動(dòng)提交事務(wù)
REPEAT #循環(huán)
SET i = i + 1; #賦值
INSERT INTO student (stuno, NAME ,age ,classId ) VALUES
((START+i),rand_string(6),rand_num(1,50),rand_num(1,1000));
UNTIL i = max_num
END REPEAT;
COMMIT; #提交事務(wù)
END //
DELIMITER ;

#執(zhí)行存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程，往class表添加隨機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)
DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE `insert_class`( max_num INT )
BEGIN
DECLARE i INT DEFAULT 0;
SET autocommit = 0;
REPEAT
SET i = i + 1;
INSERT INTO class ( classname,address,monitor ) VALUES
(rand_string(8),rand_string(10),rand_num(1,100000));
UNTIL i = max_num
END REPEAT;
COMMIT;
END //
DELIMITER ;

#執(zhí)行存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程，往class表添加1萬(wàn)條數(shù)據(jù)
CALL insert_class(10000);

#執(zhí)行存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程，往stu表添加50萬(wàn)條數(shù)據(jù)
CALL insert_stu(100000,500000);

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM class;
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM student;

############################### 刪除索引的存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程 ########################
DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE `proc_drop_index`(dbname VARCHAR(200),tablename VARCHAR(200))
BEGIN
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE ct INT DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE _index VARCHAR(200) DEFAULT '';
DECLARE _cur CURSOR FOR SELECT index_name FROM
information_schema.STATISTICS WHERE table_schema=dbname AND table_name=tablename AND
seq_in_index=1 AND index_name <>'PRIMARY' ;
#每個(gè)游標(biāo)必須使用不同的declare continue handler for not found set done=1來(lái)控制游標(biāo)的結(jié)束
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done=2 ;
#若沒(méi)有數(shù)據(jù)返回,程序繼續(xù),并將變量done設(shè)為2
OPEN _cur;
FETCH _cur INTO _index;
WHILE _index<>'' DO
SET @str = CONCAT("drop index " , _index , " on " , tablename );
PREPARE sql_str FROM @str ;
EXECUTE sql_str;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE sql_str;
SET _index='';
FETCH _cur INTO _index;
END WHILE;
CLOSE _cur;
END //
DELIMITER ;
# 執(zhí)行存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程
CALL proc_drop_index("dbname","tablename");

# 【1】. 全值匹配
# student表,主鍵id,此時(shí)無(wú)索引,耗時(shí)大
EXPLAIN SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM student WHERE age = 30;
EXPLAIN SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM student WHERE age = 30 AND classId = 4;
EXPLAIN SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM student WHERE age = 30 AND classId = 4 AND NAME = 'abcd';

# 注：SQL_NO_CACHE 不使用查詢緩存

# 建立索引
CREATE INDEX idx_age ON student(age);
CREATE INDEX idx_age_classid ON student(age,classId);
CREATE INDEX idx_age_classid_name ON student(age,classId,NAME);	
# 此時(shí)第三條查詢語(yǔ)句默認(rèn)使用最后一條索引,而不是前兩個(gè)

# 【2】. 最佳左前綴法則
EXPLAIN SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM student WHERE student.age = 30 AND student.name = 'abcd';	
# 查age&name，用age的索引

EXPLAIN SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM student WHERE student.classid = 1 AND student.name = 'abcd';	
# 查classid&name，classid在前，有索引的話先找classid相同的，再找name，
#但現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有這樣的索引，idx_age_classid_name的字段順序是先找age，所以不符合，所以此時(shí)不能用索引

EXPLAIN SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM student 
WHERE classid = 4 AND student.age = 30 AND student.name = 'abcd';	
#idx_age_classid_name 聯(lián)合索引中所有字段均出現(xiàn)，可以使用該索引

EXPLAIN SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM student
WHERE student.age = 30 AND student.name = 'abcd';
# 現(xiàn)在，刪除idx_age和idx_age_classid，發(fā)現(xiàn)用到idx_age_classid_name，而key_len=5,即只用到age字段，int(4)+null(1)
#因?yàn)樗饕阛ge后沒(méi)有classid了，不能再查找到name

# 【4】. 計(jì)算、函數(shù)、類(lèi)型轉(zhuǎn)換(自動(dòng)或手動(dòng))導(dǎo)致索引失效
##### 例1：
EXPLAIN SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM student WHERE student.name LIKE 'abc%';	#更好，能夠使用上索引
# type=range 使用了索引中的排序

EXPLAIN SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM student WHERE LEFT(student.name,3) = 'abc';	# left(text,num_chars):截取左側(cè)n個(gè)字符
# type = all 全表的訪問(wèn)
# 該語(yǔ)句的執(zhí)行過(guò)程：針對(duì)每一條數(shù)據(jù)，一個(gè)一個(gè)取出，先作用一遍函數(shù)，再拿函數(shù)結(jié)果與abc對(duì)比，用不上b+樹(shù)

CREATE INDEX idx_name ON student(NAME);

##### 例2：
CREATE INDEX idx_sno ON student(stuno);
EXPLAIN SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE id,stuno,NAME FROM student WHERE stuno+1 = 900001; 	# type = all 需要做運(yùn)算，無(wú)法直接用索引找值

EXPLAIN SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE id,stuno,NAME FROM student WHERE stuno = 900000; 	# type = ref

# 【5】. 類(lèi)型轉(zhuǎn)換導(dǎo)致索引失效
# 未使用到索引
EXPLAIN SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM student WHERE NAME=123;	# 這里使用了隱式轉(zhuǎn)換
# 使用到索引
EXPLAIN SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM student WHERE NAME='123'; 	# name本身就是字符串類(lèi)型

# 【6】. 范圍條件右邊的列索引失效 （ > < >= <= between 等）
SHOW INDEX FROM student;
CALL proc_drop_index('atguigudb2','student');

CREATE INDEX idx_age_classid_name ON student(age,classId,NAME);

EXPLAIN SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM student
WHERE student.age = 30 AND student.classId > 20 AND student.name = 'abc';	# 這三個(gè)and先寫(xiě)誰(shuí)無(wú)所謂，優(yōu)化器會(huì)調(diào)優(yōu)
# key_len = 10, age=5,classId=5,name用不上。classId 是范圍，索引右側(cè)的name用不上

# 改寫(xiě)索引：
CREATE INDEX idx_age_name_cid ON student(age,NAME,classId); 	#把需要排序的classid放到最后
# 此時(shí)在執(zhí)行上面的語(yǔ)句，就使用了這個(gè)索引，key_len=73

# 【7】. 不等于(!= 或者<>)索引失效
CREATE INDEX idx_name ON student(NAME);

EXPLAIN SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM student WHERE student.name <> 'abc';	# 索引失效 索引查的是等于

# 【8】. is null可以使用索引，is not null無(wú)法使用索引
EXPLAIN SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM student WHERE age IS NULL;	# type=ref 相當(dāng)于等于某個(gè)值
EXPLAIN SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM student WHERE age IS NOT NULL;	# 索引失效 相當(dāng)于不等于

# 【9】. like以通配符%開(kāi)頭索引失效
EXPLAIN SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM student WHERE NAME LIKE 'ab%';	# 可用索引

EXPLAIN SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM student WHERE NAME LIKE '%ab';	# type = all 索引失效

# 【10】. OR 前后存在非索引的列，索引失效 

CALL proc_drop_index('atguigudb2','student');
SHOW INDEX FROM student;
# 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)age的索引
CREATE INDEX idx_age ON student(age);

EXPLAIN SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM student WHERE age = 10 OR classid = 100;	# 未使用索引，索引+全表掃描->全表掃描
# 再加一個(gè)字段的單獨(dú)索引
CREATE INDEX idx_cid ON student(classid);
# 再執(zhí)行上條語(yǔ)句，此時(shí) type = index_merge ，key = idx_age,idx_cid。