vue與django(drf)實(shí)現(xiàn)文件上傳下載功能全過(guò)程

更新時(shí)間：2023年02月23日 10:08:40 作者：尓雅貓123

最近簡(jiǎn)單的學(xué)習(xí)了django和drf上傳文件(主要是圖片),做一個(gè)記錄,下面這篇文章主要給大家介紹了關(guān)于vue與django(drf)實(shí)現(xiàn)文件上傳下載功能的相關(guān)資料,需要的朋友可以參考下

文件上傳功能

上傳后端部分

（一）Models.py

from django.db import models

class FilesModel(models.Model):                         //模型名（默認(rèn)表名）
	name = models.CharField(max_length=20, default='')      //name，fle是字段名（file為上傳的文件）
    file = models.FileField(upload_to='uploads/')         //upload上傳功能實(shí)現(xiàn)，to上傳后保存的路徑

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'files_storage'             //自定義的表名
        ordering = ['-id']                     //按順序排列

（二）Serializer.py

使用 Django REST framework 實(shí)現(xiàn)后端 REST API，需創(chuàng)建序列化器 serializers.py，內(nèi)容如下：

from rest_framework import serializers
from files import models                           //files 是 app 的名字

class FilesSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.FilesModel                      //指定模型
        fields = '__all__'                             //指定序列化的字段名

（三）views.py

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from files import models, serializers

class FileViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = models.FilesModel.objects.all()             //返回全部字段
    serializer_class = serializers.FilesSerializer         //指定序列化器類型

（四）urls

1.項(xiàng)目總配置路徑下（settings.py 所在的路徑）編輯根路由配置文件 urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('storage/', include('files.urls'))         //網(wǎng)址前綴及指定某子app的url
]

2.app為files 的路徑下新建 urls.py 文件，填寫路由配置：

from django.urls import include, path
from rest_framework import routers
from files import views

router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'files', views.FileViewSet)                   //注冊(cè)路徑

urlpatterns = [
    path('', include(router.urls))
]

（五）測(cè)試后端api

運(yùn)行后臺(tái)服務(wù) python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000，訪問(wèn) http://xx.xx.xx.xx:8000/storage/files/，界面如下：

上傳前端部分（vue添加vue.js和node.js，設(shè)置eslint）

<template>
  <div>
    <el-label>名稱</el-label>
    <el-input v-model="fileData.name" style="width: 20%" />
    <el-upload
      ref="upload"
      drag
      class="upload-demo"
      action="http://xx.xx.xx.xx:8000/storage/files/"
      :data="fileData"
      :auto-upload="false"
      :on-success="onSuccess"
      style="padding: 30px"
    >
      <i class="el-icon-upload" />
      <div class="el-upload__text">將文件拖到此處，或<em>點(diǎn)擊上傳</em></div>
    </el-upload>
    <el-button style="margin-left: 10px;" size="small" type="success" @click="submitUpload">上傳到服務(wù)器</el-button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>

export default {
  name: 'UploadDemo',
  data() {
    return {
      fileData: {
        name: ''
      }
    }
  },
  methods: {
    submitUpload() {
      this.$refs.upload.submit()
    },
    onSuccess() {
      this.$message.success('上傳成功')
    }
  }
}
</script>

其中 el-upload 組件的 action 屬性用于指定后臺(tái) API 的 URI；

:auto-upload 屬性用于設(shè)置是否自動(dòng)上傳（這里設(shè)置為 false，手動(dòng)觸發(fā)上傳動(dòng)作）；

:on-success 屬性用于指定上傳成功后觸發(fā)的方法。

submitUpload() 中的 this.$refs.upload.submit() 方法觸發(fā)文件上傳動(dòng)作。

其中 el-upload 組件的 :data 屬性用于指定文件上傳時(shí)附加的數(shù)據(jù)（類型為 JavaScript 對(duì)象）。

注意：

1.env.development文件里改成BASE_API = ‘/api’

2.除增刪改查外，上傳的接口在index.vue文件里寫了，不用額外在api文件夾里加接口

3.route里的函數(shù)調(diào)用后端接口

4.前端一個(gè)頁(yè)面可對(duì)應(yīng)后端多個(gè)接口

上傳完成，后臺(tái)數(shù)據(jù)如下：

[
    {
        "file": "http://172.20.23.34:8000/storage/files/uploads/AnyDesk.exe",
        "id": 19,
        "name": "測(cè)試文件"
    },
    {
        "file": "http://172.20.23.34:8000/storage/files/uploads/template.html",
        "id": 18,
        "name": ""
    },
    {
        "file": "http://172.20.23.34:8000/storage/files/uploads/20171215091830_55126_hSnPtZR.png",
        "id": 17,
        "name": ""
    }
]

文件下載功能

下載后端部分

views.py

    @action(methods=['get', 'post'], detail=True)
    def download(self, request, pk=None, *args, **kwargs):
        file_obj = self.get_object()
        response = FileResponse(open(file_obj.file.path, 'rb'))
        return response

下載前端部分

download.vue

<template>
  <el-table
    :data="filelist.filter(data => !search || data.name.toLowerCase().includes(search.toLowerCase()))"
    style="width: 100%"
  >
    <el-table-column
      label="序號(hào)"
      prop="id"
    />
    <el-table-column
      label="上傳時(shí)間"
      prop="date"
    />
    <el-table-column
      label="上傳用戶"
      prop="auther"
    />
    <el-table-column
      label="文件名"
      prop="filename"
    />
    <el-table-column
      align="right"
    >
      <template slot="header">
        <el-input
          v-model="search"
          size="mini"
          placeholder="輸入關(guān)鍵字搜索"
        />
      </template>
      <template slot-scope="scope">
        <el-button
          size="mini"
          @click="handleDown(scope.$index, scope.row)"
        >Down</el-button>
        <el-button
          size="mini"
          type="danger"
          @click="handleDelete(scope.$index, scope.row)"
        >Delete</el-button>
      </template>
    </el-table-column>
  </el-table>
</template>

<script>
import { getPkgsList } from '@/api/user'
import { getToken } from '@/utils/auth'
import { delpkg } from '@/api/user'
import axios from 'axios'

export default {
  data() {
    return {
      headers: {
        Authorization: 'Bearer ' + getToken()
      },
      // addForm: {
      //   // 文件的數(shù)組
      //   pics: []
      // },
      filelist: [],
      search: '',
      listLoading: true
    }
  },
  created() {
    this.fetchPkgsList()
  },
  methods: {
    handleChange(file, filelist) {
      this.filelist = filelist.slice(-3)
    },
    onSuccess() {
      this.$message.success('上傳成功')
    },
    fetchPkgsList() {
      this.listLoading = true
      getPkgsList().then(response => {
        console.log('getPkgsList ========> ', response)
        this.filelist = response.data.results
        this.listLoading = false
      })
    },
    downloadFile(url, options = {}) {
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        // console.log(`${url} 請(qǐng)求數(shù)據(jù)，參數(shù)=>`, JSON.stringify(options))
        axios.defaults.headers['Authorization'] = 'Bearer ' + getToken()
        axios({
          method: 'post',
          url: url, // 請(qǐng)求地址
          data: options, // 參數(shù)
          responseType: 'blob' // 表明返回服務(wù)器返回的數(shù)據(jù)類型
        }).then(
          response => {
            // console.log("下載響應(yīng)",response)
            resolve(response.data.result)
            debugger
            const blob = new Blob([response.data])
            // console.log(blob)
            // let fileName = Date.parse(new Date()) + '.xlsx'
            // 切割出文件名
            const fileNameEncode = options.filename
            // 解碼
            const fileName = decodeURIComponent(fileNameEncode)
            // console.log("fileName",fileName)
            if (window.navigator.msSaveOrOpenBlob) {
              // console.log(2)
              navigator.msSaveBlob(blob, fileName)
            } else {
              // console.log(3)
              var link = document.createElement('a')
              link.href = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob)
              link.download = fileName
              link.click()
              // 釋放內(nèi)存
              window.URL.revokeObjectURL(link.href)
            }
          },
          err => {
            reject(err)
          }
        )
      })
    },
    handleDown(index, row) {
      const postUrl = '/api/files/' + (row.id) + '/download/'
      const params = { filename: row.filename }
      this.downloadFile(postUrl, params)
    },
    handleDelete(index, row) {
      this.listLoading = true
      // const i = this.addForm.pics.findIndex((x) => x.pic === row.file)
      // this.addForm.pics.splice(i, 1)
      this.$confirm(`確定移除 ${row.filename}？`)
      delpkg(row.id).then(response => {
        // console.log('getPkgsList ========> ', response)
        // console.log(index)
        // console.log(this.filelist.length)
        this.filelist = this.filelist.slice(index, 1)
        this.fetchPkgsList()
        // console.log(this.filelist)
        this.listLoading = false
      })
    }
  }

}
</script>