Java創(chuàng)建型模式之建造者模式詳解

更新時(shí)間：2023年02月17日 15:45:28 作者：非凡的小笨魚(yú)

建造者模式，是一種對(duì)象構(gòu)建模式它可以將復(fù)雜對(duì)象的建造過(guò)程抽象出來(lái)，使這個(gè)抽象過(guò)程的不同實(shí)現(xiàn)方法可以構(gòu)造出不同表現(xiàn)的對(duì)象。本文將通過(guò)示例講解建造者模式，需要的可以參考一下

一.介紹

建造者模式（Builder Pattern）屬于創(chuàng)建型模式。如果一個(gè)對(duì)象具有復(fù)雜的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)或者內(nèi)部屬性本身相互依賴(有順序要求)，甚至對(duì)象中的某些屬性的創(chuàng)建也有一個(gè)很復(fù)雜的過(guò)程，就可以使用建造者模式

二.UML類(lèi)圖

三.具體代碼

業(yè)務(wù)代碼

public class Product {
    private String part1;
    private String part2;
    public Product(String part1, String part2) {
        this.part1 = part1;
        this.part2 = part2;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Product{" +
                "part1='" + part1 + '\'' +
                ", part2='" + part2 + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
//控制每個(gè)部件的具體創(chuàng)建
interface Builder {
    void buildPart1(String part1);
    void buildPart2(String part2);
    Product build();
}
class ChinaBuilder implements Builder{
    private String part1;
    private String part2;
    @Override
    public void buildPart1(String part1) {
        this.part1 = "國(guó)產(chǎn)" + part1;
    }
    @Override
    public void buildPart2(String part2) {
         this.part2 = "國(guó)產(chǎn)" + part2;
    }
    @Override
    public Product build() {
        return new Product(part1, part2);
    }
}
//控制組裝部件的順序
class Director{
    private Builder builder;
    public Director(Builder builder) {
        this.builder = builder;
    }
    public Product construct(String part1, String part2){
        builder.buildPart1(part1);
        builder.buildPart2(part2);
        return builder.build();
    }
}

測(cè)試代碼

public class BuilderTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Director director = new Director(new ChinaBuilder());
        Product product = director.construct("傳感器", "芯片");
        System.out.println(product); //Product{part1='國(guó)產(chǎn)傳感器', part2='國(guó)產(chǎn)芯片'}
    }
}

四.lombok的@Builder注解(拓展)

我們先以靜態(tài)內(nèi)部類(lèi)的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單場(chǎng)景下的建造者模式(以優(yōu)雅的鏈?zhǔn)秸{(diào)用代替set)

業(yè)務(wù)代碼

public class Product {
    private String part1;
    private String part2;
    public Product(String part1, String part2) {
        this.part1 = part1;
        this.part2 = part2;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Product{" +
                "part1='" + part1 + '\'' +
                ", part2='" + part2 + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
    static class Builder {
        private String part1;
        private String part2;
        public Builder part1(String part1) {
            this.part1 = part1;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder part2(String part2) {
            this.part2 = part2;
            return this;
        }
        public Product build(){
            return new Product(part1, part2);
        }
    }
}

測(cè)試類(lèi)

public class ProductTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Product product = new Product.Builder().part1("傳感器").part2("芯片").build();
        System.out.println(product); //Product{part1='傳感器', part2='芯片'}
    }
}

下面看看lombok的@Builder注解的實(shí)現(xiàn)

業(yè)務(wù)代碼

@Builder
public class Product {
    private String part1;
    private String part2;
}

在IDEA中打開(kāi)Product.class文件，可以看出實(shí)際就是使用的簡(jiǎn)單場(chǎng)景的建造者模式

//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by FernFlower decompiler)
//
package com.designpattern.create.builder.lombok;
public class Product {
    private String part1;
    private String part2;
    Product(String part1, String part2) {
        this.part1 = part1;
        this.part2 = part2;
    }
    public static Product.ProductBuilder builder() {
        return new Product.ProductBuilder();
    }
    public static class ProductBuilder {
        private String part1;
        private String part2;
        ProductBuilder() {
        }
        public Product.ProductBuilder part1(String part1) {
            this.part1 = part1;
            return this;
        }
        public Product.ProductBuilder part2(String part2) {
            this.part2 = part2;
            return this;
        }
        public Product build() {
            return new Product(this.part1, this.part2);
        }
        public String toString() {
            return "Product.ProductBuilder(part1=" + this.part1 + ", part2=" + this.part2 + ")";
        }
    }
}