Python高光譜遙感影像處理問(wèn)題詳細(xì)分析講解

更新時(shí)間：2023年01月28日 09:28:07 作者：傾城一少

這篇文章主要介紹了Python高光譜遙感影像處理問(wèn)題，總的來(lái)說(shuō)這并不是一道難題，那為什么要拿出這道題介紹？拿出這道題真正想要傳達(dá)的是解題的思路，以及不斷優(yōu)化探尋最優(yōu)解的過(guò)程。希望通過(guò)這道題能給你帶來(lái)一種解題優(yōu)化的思路

前言

在寫波段配準(zhǔn)相關(guān)代碼時(shí)經(jīng)常需要用到tif影像的波段合成和分解，雖然可以用ENVI才處理，但是每次都要打開再設(shè)置一些參數(shù)有些麻煩，所以本著“獨(dú)立自主、自力更生”的原則就寫了些腳本來(lái)處理這個(gè)需求。又寫了個(gè)批量裁剪影像的腳本。這里簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)歸納一下。

1.波段合并

# coding=utf-8
import sys
import cv2
import functions as fun
import os
if __name__ == '__main__':
    if sys.argv.__len__() >= 2:
        if sys.argv[1] == 'help' or sys.argv[1] == 'HELP':
            print("Function description:")
            print("Join several bands into one file.")
            print("\nUsage instruction:")
            print("example.exe [img_dir] [img_type] [out_path]")
            print("[img_dir]:The input dir that contains band data.")
            print("[img_type]:The file type of band data,tif or png etc.")
            print("[out_path]:The filename of joined image.")
            print("Please note that these band data should have same height and width.")
            print("\nUsage example:")
            print("Tool_JoinBands.exe C:\\tif tif C:\\tifout\\joined.tif")
            os.system('pause')
        else:
            img_dir = sys.argv[1]
            img_type = sys.argv[2]
            out_path = sys.argv[3]
            paths, names, files = fun.findAllFiles(img_dir, img_type)
            bands_data = []
            # 對(duì)于tif文件，統(tǒng)一用gdal打開并輸出為tif文件
            if img_type.endswith('tif') or img_type.endswith('TIF') or img_type.endswith('TIFF') or img_type.endswith(
                    'tiff'):
                for i in range(files.__len__()):
                    band_data = fun.readTifImage(files[i])
                    bands_data.extend(band_data)
                    print("joined " + (i + 1).__str__() + " bands.")
                print(bands_data.__len__().__str__() + " bands in total.")
                fun.writeTif(bands_data, out_path)
            # 對(duì)于所有其它類型的文件，如jpg、png等，統(tǒng)一用OpenCV處理
            else:
                for i in range(files.__len__()):
                    band_data = cv2.imread(files[i], cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
                    bands_data.append(band_data)
                print("Open image success.")
                data = cv2.merge((bands_data[0], bands_data[1], bands_data[2]))
                cv2.imwrite(out_path, data)
                print("Save image success.")
    else:
        print("Unknown mode, input 'yourExeName.exe help' to get help information.")

這里簡(jiǎn)單介紹下代碼。經(jīng)過(guò)波段配準(zhǔn)后，不同波段的影像已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)齊，所以通過(guò)讀取各波段影像然后利用GDAL疊加即可。

2.波段拆分

# coding=utf-8
import sys
import os
import cv2
import functions as fun
if __name__ == '__main__':
    if sys.argv.__len__() >= 2:
        if sys.argv[1] == 'help' or sys.argv[1] == 'HELP':
            print("Function description:")
            print("Separate and save different band data in one image file.")
            print("\nUsage instruction:")
            print("example.exe [img_path] [out_dir]")
            print("[img_path]:The filename of input image.")
            print("[output_dir]:The output dir for different band images.")
            print("\nUsage example:")
            print("Tool_SeparateBands.exe C:\\tif\\input.tif C:\\tifout")
            os.system('pause')
        else:
            img_path = sys.argv[1]
            output_dir = sys.argv[2]
            # 對(duì)于tif文件，統(tǒng)一用gdal打開并輸出為tif文件
            if img_path.endswith('tif') or img_path.endswith('TIF') or img_path.endswith('TIFF') or img_path.endswith(
                    'tiff'):
                bands_data = fun.readTifImage(img_path)
                for i in range(bands_data.__len__()):
                    fun.writeTif([bands_data[i]], output_dir + os.path.sep + "band_" + i.__str__().zfill(2) + ".tif")
                    print("saved " + (i + 1).__str__() + "/" + bands_data.__len__().__str__())
            # 對(duì)于所有其它類型的文件，如jpg、png等，統(tǒng)一用OpenCV處理
            else:
                img = cv2.imread(img_path)
                print("Open image success.")
                band_b, band_g, band_r = cv2.split(img)
                cv2.imwrite(output_dir + os.path.sep + "band_b.png", band_b)
                cv2.imwrite(output_dir + os.path.sep + "band_g.png", band_g)
                cv2.imwrite(output_dir + os.path.sep + "band_r.png", band_r)
                print("Save image success.")
    else:
        print("Unknown mode, input 'yourExeName.exe help' to get help information.")

波段拆分與波段合并相反，直接讀取一個(gè)多波段的tif影像，然后依次保存各波段數(shù)據(jù)為單獨(dú)文件即可。

3.影像裁剪

在之前，要想實(shí)現(xiàn)影像裁剪的功能需要借助ENVI等軟件，但是ENVI等打開比較慢，還要各種設(shè)置，比較麻煩。所以直接寫了個(gè)腳本來(lái)方便地實(shí)現(xiàn)功能

# coding=utf-8
import sys
import cv2
import functions as fun
import os
if __name__ == '__main__':
    if sys.argv.__len__() >= 2:
        if sys.argv[1] == 'help' or sys.argv[1] == 'HELP':
            print("Function description:")
            print("Select and cut the ROI(region of interest) in a big image file.")
            print("\nUsage instruction:")
            print("example.exe [img_path] [out_path] [start_x] [start_y] [x_range] [y_range]")
            print("[img_path]:The filename of input image.")
            print("[out_path]:The filename of output image.")
            print("[start_x]:The x coordinate of ROI's left-top point in big image.")
            print("[start_y]:The y coordinate of ROI's left-top point in big image.")
            print("[x_range]:The range of ROI in x direction(width).")
            print("[y_range]:The range of ROI in y direction(height).")
            print("\nUsage example:")
            print("Tool_ResizeIMG.exe C:\\tif\\input.tif C:\\tifout\\roi.tif 100 200 3000 4000")
            os.system('pause')
        else:
            img_path = sys.argv[1]
            out_path = sys.argv[2]
            start_x = int(sys.argv[3])
            start_y = int(sys.argv[4])
            x_range = int(sys.argv[5])
            y_range = int(sys.argv[6])
            # 對(duì)于tif文件，統(tǒng)一用gdal打開并輸出為tif文件
            if img_path.endswith('tif') or img_path.endswith('TIF') or img_path.endswith('TIFF') or img_path.endswith(
                    'tiff'):
                bands_data = fun.readTifImageWithWindow(img_path, start_x, start_y, x_range, y_range)
                fun.writeTif(bands_data, out_path)
            # 對(duì)于所有其它類型的文件，如jpg、png等，統(tǒng)一用OpenCV處理
            else:
                bands_data = cv2.imread(img_path)
                print("Open image success.")
                bands_data_roi = bands_data[start_y:start_y + y_range, start_x:start_x + x_range, :]
                cv2.imwrite(out_path, bands_data_roi)
                print("Save image success.")
    else:
        print("Unknown mode, input 'yourExeName.exe help' to get help information.")

影像裁剪實(shí)現(xiàn)也相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，就是通過(guò)設(shè)置讀取影像范圍即可實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)指定區(qū)域的裁剪。

4.批量影像裁剪

# coding=utf-8
import sys
import cv2
import functions as fun
import os
if __name__ == '__main__':
    if sys.argv.__len__() >= 2:
        if sys.argv[1] == 'help' or sys.argv[1] == 'HELP':
            print("Function description:")
            print("Select and cut the ROI(region of interest) in big image files(Batch mode).")
            print("\nUsage instruction:")
            print("example.exe [img_dir] [img_type] [output_dir] [start_x] [start_y] [x_range] [y_range]")
            print("[img_dir]:The input dir that contains band data.")
            print("[img_type]:The file type of band data,tif or png etc.")
            print("[output_dir]:The output dir for ROI images.")
            print("[start_x]:The x coordinate of ROI's left-top point in big image.")
            print("[start_y]:The y coordinate of ROI's left-top point in big image.")
            print("[x_range]:The range of ROI in x direction(width).")
            print("[y_range]:The range of ROI in y direction(height).")
            print("\nUsage example:")
            print("Tool_ResizeIMG_Batch.exe C:\\tif tif C:\\tifout 100 200 3000 4000")
            os.system('pause')
        else:
            img_dir = sys.argv[1]
            img_type = sys.argv[2]
            out_dir = sys.argv[3]
            start_x = int(sys.argv[4])
            start_y = int(sys.argv[5])
            x_range = int(sys.argv[6])
            y_range = int(sys.argv[7])
            paths, names, files = fun.findAllFiles(img_dir, img_type)
            # 對(duì)于tif文件，統(tǒng)一用gdal打開并輸出為tif文件
            if img_type.endswith('tif') or img_type.endswith('TIF') or img_type.endswith('TIFF') or img_type.endswith(
                    'tiff'):
                for i in range(files.__len__()):
                    bands_data = fun.readTifImageWithWindow(files[i], start_x, start_y, x_range, y_range)
                    fun.writeTif(bands_data, out_dir + os.path.sep + names[i][:names[i].rfind('.')] + "_cut.tif")
                    print("cutting " + (i + 1).__str__() + "/" + files.__len__().__str__())
                print('cut finished.')
            # 對(duì)于所有其它類型的文件，如jpg、png等，統(tǒng)一用OpenCV處理
            else:
                for i in range(files.__len__()):
                    bands_data = cv2.imread(files[i])
                    bands_data_roi = bands_data[start_y:start_y + y_range, start_x:start_x + x_range, :]
                    cv2.imwrite(out_dir + os.path.sep + "band_" + (i + 1).__str__().zfill(2) + ".jpg", bands_data_roi)
                    print("cutting " + (i + 1).__str__() + "/" + files.__len__())
                print('cut finished.')
    else:
        print("Unknown mode, input 'yourExeName.exe help' to get help information.")

相比于單張影像裁剪，批量裁剪就是多加了個(gè)循環(huán)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了批量操作，也比較簡(jiǎn)單。

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