Java?SpringBoot?@Async實(shí)現(xiàn)異步任務(wù)的流程分析
更新時(shí)間：2022年12月27日 11:06:48 作者：彭世瑜
這篇文章主要介紹了Java?SpringBoot?@Async實(shí)現(xiàn)異步任務(wù),主要包括@Async?異步任務(wù)-無(wú)返回值，@Async?異步任務(wù)-有返回值，@Async?+?自定義線程池的操作代碼，需要的朋友可以參考下
依賴pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.7.7</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.example</groupId> <artifactId>demo</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>demo</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <excludes> <exclude> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </exclude> </excludes> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
1、同步任務(wù)
應(yīng)用啟動(dòng)類
package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}同步任務(wù)，耗時(shí)2秒
package com.example.demo.service;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
@Service
@Slf4j
public class TaskService {
/**
* 同步任務(wù)
* @throws InterruptedException
*/
public void syncTask() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(1000 * 2);
System.out.println("syncTask");
}
}控制器
package com.example.demo.controller;
import com.example.demo.service.TaskService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/task")
@Slf4j
public class TaskController {
@Autowired
private TaskService taskService;
@GetMapping("/syncTask")
public String syncTask() throws InterruptedException {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
taskService.syncTask();
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
log.info("time: {}", end - start);
return "success";
}
}
請(qǐng)求接口：等待2秒后返回
GET http://localhost:8080/task/syncTask Accept: application/json·
2、@Async 異步任務(wù)-無(wú)返回值
啟動(dòng)類需要加上注解：@EnableAsync
package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAsync
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}異步任務(wù)
package com.example.demo.service;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
@Service
@Slf4j
public class TaskService {
/**
* 異步任務(wù)
* @throws InterruptedException
*/
@Async
public void asyncTask() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(1000 * 2);
System.out.println("asyncTask");
}
}控制器
package com.example.demo.controller;
import com.example.demo.service.TaskService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/task")
@Slf4j
public class TaskController {
@Autowired
private TaskService taskService;
@GetMapping("/asyncTask")
public String asyncTask() throws InterruptedException {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
taskService.asyncTask();
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
log.info("time: {}", end - start);
return "success";
}
}
請(qǐng)求接口：無(wú)等待，直接返回
GET http://localhost:8080/task/asyncTask Accept: application/json
3、@Async 異步任務(wù)-有返回值
異步任務(wù)
package com.example.demo.service;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
@Service
@Slf4j
public class TaskService {
/**
* 異步任務(wù), 有返回值
* @throws InterruptedException
*/
@Async
public Future<String> asyncTaskFuture() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(1000 * 2);
System.out.println("asyncTaskFuture");
return new AsyncResult<>("asyncTaskFuture");
}
}控制器
package com.example.demo.controller;
import com.example.demo.service.TaskService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/task")
@Slf4j
public class TaskController {
@Autowired
private TaskService taskService;
@GetMapping("/asyncTaskFuture")
public String asyncTaskFuture() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
Future<String> future = taskService.asyncTaskFuture();
// 線程等待結(jié)果返回
String result = future.get();
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
log.info("time: {}", end - start);
return result;
}
}請(qǐng)求接口：等待2秒后返回
GET http://localhost:8080/task/asyncTaskFuture Accept: application/json
4、@Async + 自定義線程池
package com.example.demo.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
/**
* 自定義線程池
*/
@Configuration
public class ExecutorAsyncConfig {
@Bean(name = "newAsyncExecutor")
public Executor newAsync() {
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
// 設(shè)置核心線程數(shù)
taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(10);
// 線程池維護(hù)線程的最大數(shù)量，只有在緩沖隊(duì)列滿了以后才會(huì)申請(qǐng)超過(guò)核心線程數(shù)的線程
taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(100);
// 緩存隊(duì)列
taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(50);
// 允許的空閑時(shí)間，當(dāng)超過(guò)了核心線程數(shù)之外的線程在空閑時(shí)間到達(dá)之后會(huì)被銷毀
taskExecutor.setKeepAliveSeconds(200);
// 異步方法內(nèi)部線程名稱
taskExecutor.setThreadNamePrefix("my-xiaoxiao-AsyncExecutor-");
// 拒絕策略
taskExecutor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
taskExecutor.initialize();
return taskExecutor;
}
}
異步任務(wù)
package com.example.demo.service;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
@Service
@Slf4j
public class TaskService {
/**
* 自定義線程池 執(zhí)行異步任務(wù)
* @throws InterruptedException
*/
@Async("newAsyncExecutor")
public void asyncTaskNewAsync() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(1000 * 2);
System.out.println("asyncTaskNewAsync");
}
}控制器
package com.example.demo.controller;
import com.example.demo.service.TaskService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/task")
@Slf4j
public class TaskController {
@Autowired
private TaskService taskService;
@GetMapping("/asyncTaskNewAsync")
public String asyncTaskNewAsync() throws InterruptedException {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
taskService.asyncTaskNewAsync();
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
log.info("time: {}", end - start);
return "success";
}
}
請(qǐng)求接口：無(wú)等待，直接返回
GET http://localhost:8080/task/asyncTaskNewAsync Accept: application/json
5、CompletableFuture 實(shí)現(xiàn)異步任務(wù)
不需要在啟動(dòng)類上加@EnableAsync 注解，也不需要在方法上加@Async 注解
控制器
package com.example.demo.controller;
import com.example.demo.service.TaskService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/task")
@Slf4j
public class TaskController {
@GetMapping("/completableFuture")
public String completableFuture(){
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
// CompletableFuture實(shí)現(xiàn)異步任務(wù)
CompletableFuture<Void> result = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000 * 2);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("CompletableFuture");
});
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
log.info("time: {}", end - start);
return "success";
}
}到此這篇關(guān)于Java SpringBoot @Async實(shí)現(xiàn)異步任務(wù)的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)SpringBoot @Async異步任務(wù)內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！
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