Python PyQt5實(shí)現(xiàn)拖拽與剪貼板功能詳解

更新時(shí)間：2022年12月01日 15:07:20 作者：SongYuLong的博客

這篇文章主要為大家詳細(xì)介紹了Python PyQt5如何實(shí)現(xiàn)拖拽與剪貼板功能，文中的示例代碼講解詳細(xì)，感興趣的小伙伴可以跟隨小編一起學(xué)習(xí)一下

拖拽

基于MIME類型的拖拽數(shù)據(jù)傳輸時(shí)基于QDrag類的QMimeData對(duì)象管理的數(shù)據(jù)與其對(duì)應(yīng)的MIME類型相關(guān)聯(lián)。

MimeData類函數(shù)允許檢測(cè)和使用方法的MIME類型

判斷函數(shù)	設(shè)置函數(shù)	獲取函數(shù)	MIME類型
hasText()	text()	setText()	text/plain
hasHtml()	html()	setHtml()	text/html
hasUrls()	urls()	setUrls()	text/uri-list
hasImage()	imageData()	setImageData()	image/*
hasColor()	colorData()	setColorData()	application/x-color

常用拖拽事件

事件	描述
DragEnterEvent	當(dāng)執(zhí)行一個(gè)拖拽控件操作，并且鼠標(biāo)指針進(jìn)入該控件時(shí)被觸發(fā)
DragMoveEvent	在拖拽操作進(jìn)行時(shí)會(huì)觸發(fā)該事件
DragLeaveEvent	當(dāng)執(zhí)行一個(gè)拖拽控件操作，并且鼠標(biāo)指針離開該控件時(shí)被觸發(fā)
DropEvent	當(dāng)拖拽操作在目標(biāo)控件上被釋放時(shí)，觸發(fā)該事件

import sys
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt

class Combo(QComboBox):
    def __init__(self, title, parent):
        super(Combo, self).__init__(parent)
        self.setAcceptDrops(True)
    
    def dragEnterEvent(self, e):
        print(e)
        if e.mimeData().hasText():
            e.accept()
        else:
            e.ignore()
    
    def dropEvent(self, e):
        self.addItem(e.mimeData().text())

class Example(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Example, self).__init__()
        self.initUI()
    
    def initUI(self):
        lo = QFormLayout()
        lo.addRow(QLabel("請(qǐng)把左邊的文本拖拽到右邊的下拉菜單中"))
        edit = QLineEdit()
        edit.setDragEnabled(True)
        com = Combo("Button", self)
        lo.addRow(edit, com)
        self.setLayout(lo)
        self.setWindowTitle("簡(jiǎn)單的拖拽例子")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = Example()
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

剪貼板

QClipboard類提供了對(duì)系統(tǒng)剪貼板的訪問，可以在應(yīng)用程序之間復(fù)制和粘貼數(shù)據(jù)。它的操作類似于QDrag類，并使用類似的數(shù)據(jù)類型。

QApplication類有一個(gè)靜態(tài)方法clipboard()，返回剪貼板對(duì)象的引用。任何類型的MimeData都可以從剪貼板復(fù)制或粘貼。

QClipboard常用方法

方法	描述
clear()	清除剪貼板的內(nèi)容
setImage()	將QImage對(duì)象復(fù)制到剪貼板中
setMimeData()	將MIME數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)置為剪貼板
setPixmap()	從剪貼板中復(fù)制Pixmap對(duì)象
setText()	從剪貼板中復(fù)制文本
text()	從剪貼板中檢索文本

QClipboard類中的常用信號(hào)

信號(hào)	含義
dataChanged	當(dāng)剪貼板內(nèi)容發(fā)生變化時(shí)觸發(fā)該信號(hào)

import os
import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import QMimeData
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QDialog, QGridLayout, QLabel, QPushButton)
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPixmap

class Form(QDialog):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(Form, self).__init__(parent)
        textCopyButton = QPushButton("&Copy Text")
        textPasteButton = QPushButton("Paste &Text")
        htmlCopyButton = QPushButton("C&opy HTML")
        htmlPasteButton = QPushButton("Paste &HTML")
        imageCopyButton = QPushButton("Co&py Image")
        imagePasteButton = QPushButton("Paste &Image")

        self.textLabel = QLabel("Original text")
        self.imageLabel = QLabel()
        self.imageLabel.setPixmap(QPixmap(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "images/clock.png")))

        layout = QGridLayout()
        layout.addWidget(textCopyButton, 0, 0)
        layout.addWidget(imageCopyButton, 0, 1)
        layout.addWidget(htmlCopyButton, 0, 2)

        layout.addWidget(textPasteButton, 1, 0)
        layout.addWidget(imagePasteButton, 1, 1)
        layout.addWidget(htmlPasteButton, 1, 2)

        layout.addWidget(self.textLabel, 2, 0, 1, 2)
        layout.addWidget(self.imageLabel, 2, 2)
        self.setLayout(layout)

        textCopyButton.clicked.connect(self.copyText)
        textPasteButton.clicked.connect(self.pasteText)
        imageCopyButton.clicked.connect(self.copyImage)
        imagePasteButton.clicked.connect(self.pasteImage)
        htmlCopyButton.clicked.connect(self.copyHtml)
        htmlPasteButton.clicked.connect(self.pasteHtml)

    def copyText(self):
        print(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__)))
        clipboard = QApplication.clipboard()
        clipboard.setText("I've been clipped")

    def pasteText(self):
        clipboard = QApplication.clipboard()
        self.textLabel.setText(clipboard.text())
    
    def copyImage(self):
        clipboard = QApplication.clipboard()
        clipboard.setPixmap(QPixmap(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "images/python.jpg")))

    def pasteImage(self):
        clipboard = QApplication.clipboard()
        self.imageLabel.setPixmap(clipboard.pixmap())
    
    def copyHtml(self):
        mimeData = QMimeData()
        mimeData.setHtml("<b>Bold and<font color=red>Red</font></b>")
        clipboard = QApplication.clipboard()
        clipboard.setMimeData(mimeData)

    def pasteHtml(self):
        clipboard = QApplication.clipboard()
        mimeData = clipboard.mimeData()
        if mimeData.hasHtml():
            self.textLabel.setText(mimeData.html())

            
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = Form()
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())