Python基于隨機(jī)采樣一至性實現(xiàn)擬合橢圓
更新時間：2022年11月14日 10:05:54 作者：天人合一peng
這篇文章主要為大家詳細(xì)介紹了Python如何基于隨機(jī)采樣一至性實現(xiàn)擬合橢圓，文中的示例代碼講解詳細(xì)，具有一定的借鑒價值，感興趣的可以了解一下
檢測這些圓，先找輪廓后通過輪廓點擬合橢圓
import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import math
from Ransac_Process import RANSAC
def lj_img(img):
wlj, hlj = img.shape[1], img.shape[0]
lj_dis = 7 # 連接白色區(qū)域的判定距離
for ilj in range(wlj):
for jlj in range(hlj):
if img[jlj, ilj] == 255: # 判斷上下左右是否存在白色區(qū)域并連通
for im in range(1, lj_dis):
for jm in range(1, lj_dis):
if ilj - im >= 0 and jlj - jm >= 0 and img[jlj - jm, ilj - im] == 255:
cv2.line(img, (jlj, ilj), (jlj - jm, ilj - im), (255, 255, 255), thickness=1)
if ilj + im < wlj and jlj + jm < hlj and img[jlj + jm, ilj + im] == 255:
cv2.line(img, (jlj, ilj), (jlj + jm, ilj + im), (255, 255, 255), thickness=1)
return img
def cul_area(x_mask, y_mask, r_circle, mask):
mask_label = mask.copy()
num_area = 0
for xm in range(x_mask+r_circle-10, x_mask+r_circle+10):
for ym in range(y_mask+r_circle-10, y_mask+r_circle+10):
# print(mask[ym, xm])
if (pow((xm-x_mask), 2) + pow((ym-y_mask), 2) - pow(r_circle, 2)) == 0 and mask[ym, xm][0] == 255:
num_area += 1
mask_label[ym, xm] = (0, 0, 255)
cv2.imwrite('./test2/mask_label.png', mask_label)
print(num_area)
return num_area
def mainFigure(img, point0):
# params = cv2.SimpleBlobDetector_Params() # 黑色斑點面積大?。?524--1581--1400--周圍干擾面積: 1325--1695--1688--
# # Filter by Area. 設(shè)置斑點檢測的參數(shù)
# params.filterByArea = True # 根據(jù)大小進(jìn)行篩選
# params.minArea = 10e2
# params.maxArea = 10e4
# params.minDistBetweenBlobs = 40 # 設(shè)置兩個斑點間的最小距離 10*7.5
# # params.filterByColor = True # 跟據(jù)顏色進(jìn)行檢測
# params.filterByConvexity = False # 根據(jù)凸性進(jìn)行檢測
# params.minThreshold = 30 # 二值化的起末閾值,只有灰度值大于當(dāng)前閾值的值才會被當(dāng)成特征值
# params.maxThreshold = 30 * 2.5 # 75
# params.filterByColor = True # 檢測顏色限制，0黑色，255白色
# params.blobColor = 255
# params.filterByCircularity = True
# params.minCircularity = 0.3
point_center = []
# cv2.imwrite('./test2/img_source.png', img)
img_hsv = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
# cv2.imwrite('./test2/img_hsv.png', img_hsv)
w, h = img.shape[1], img.shape[0]
w_hsv, h_hsv = img_hsv.shape[1], img_hsv.shape[0]
for i_hsv in range(w_hsv):
for j_hsv in range(h_hsv):
if img_hsv[j_hsv, i_hsv][0] < 200 and img_hsv[j_hsv, i_hsv][1] < 130 and img_hsv[j_hsv, i_hsv][2] > 120:
# if hsv[j_hsv, i_hsv][0] < 100 and hsv[j_hsv, i_hsv][1] < 200 and hsv[j_hsv, i_hsv][2] > 80:
img_hsv[j_hsv, i_hsv] = 255, 255, 255
else:
img_hsv[j_hsv, i_hsv] = 0, 0, 0
# cv2.imwrite('./test2/img_hsvhb.png', img_hsv)
# cv2.imshow("hsv", img_hsv)
# cv2.waitKey()
# 灰度化處理圖像
grayImage = cv2.cvtColor(img_hsv, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# mask = np.zeros((grayImage.shape[0], grayImage.shape[1]), np.uint8)
# mask = cv2.cvtColor(mask, cv2.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)
# cv2.imwrite('./mask.png', mask)
# 嘗試尋找輪廓
contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(grayImage, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
# 合并輪廓
if len(contours) > 1:
# print(contours)
# 去掉離圖中心最遠(yuǎn)的圓
max_idex, dis_max = 0, 0
for c_i in range(len(contours)):
c = contours[c_i]
cx, cy, cw, ch = cv2.boundingRect(c)
dis = math.sqrt(pow((cx + cw / 2 - w / 2), 2) + pow((cy + ch / 2 - h / 2), 2))
if dis > dis_max:
dis_max = dis
max_idex = c_i
contours.pop(max_idex)
# print(contours)
if len(contours) > 1:
contours_merge = np.vstack([contours[0], contours[1]])
for i in range(2, len(contours)):
contours_merge = np.vstack([contours_merge, contours[i]])
cv2.drawContours(img, contours_merge, -1, (0, 255, 255), 1)
cv2.imwrite('./test2/img_res.png', img)
# cv2.imshow("contours_merge", img)
# cv2.waitKey()
else:
contours_merge = contours[0]
else:
contours_merge = contours[0]
# RANSAC擬合
points_data = np.reshape(contours_merge, (-1, 2)) # ellipse edge points set
print("points_data", len(points_data))
# 2.Ransac fit ellipse param
Ransac = RANSAC(data=points_data, threshold=0.5, P=.99, S=.5, N=20)
# Ransac = RANSAC(data=points_data, threshold=0.05, P=.99, S=.618, N=25)
(X, Y), (LAxis, SAxis), Angle = Ransac.execute_ransac()
# print( (X, Y), (LAxis, SAxis))
# 擬合圓
cv2.ellipse(img, ((X, Y), (LAxis, SAxis), Angle), (0, 0, 255), 1, cv2.LINE_AA) # 畫圓
cv2.circle(img, (int(X), int(Y)), 3, (0, 0, 255), -1) # 畫圓心
point_center.append(int(X))
point_center.append(int(Y))
rrt = cv2.fitEllipse(contours_merge) # x, y）代表橢圓中心點的位置（a, b）代表長短軸長度，應(yīng)注意a、b為長短軸的直徑，而非半徑,angle 代表了中心旋轉(zhuǎn)的角度
# print("rrt", rrt)
cv2.ellipse(img, rrt, (255, 0, 0), 1, cv2.LINE_AA) # 畫圓
x, y = rrt[0]
cv2.circle(img, (int(x), int(y)), 3, (255, 0, 0), -1) # 畫圓心
point_center.append(int(x))
point_center.append(int(y))
# print("no",(x,y))
cv2.imshow("fit circle", img)
cv2.waitKey()
# cv2.imwrite("./test2/fitcircle.png", img)
# # 嘗試尋找輪廓
# contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(grayImage, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
# # print('初次檢測數(shù)量: ', len(contours))
# if len(contours) == 1:
# cv2.drawContours(mask, contours[0], -1, (255, 255, 255), 1)
# cv2.imwrite('./mask.png', mask)
# x, y, w, h = cv2.boundingRect(contours[0])
# cv2.circle(img, (int(x+w/2), int(y+h/2)), 1, (0, 0, 255), -1)
# cv2.rectangle(img, (x, y), (x + w + 1, y + h + 1), (0, 255, 255), 1)
# point_center.append(x + w / 2 + point0[0])
# point_center.append(y + h / 2 + point0[1])
# cv2.imwrite('./center1.png', img)
# else:
# # 去除小面積雜點， 連接輪廓，求最小包圍框
# kernel1 = np.ones((3, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
# kernel2 = np.ones((2, 2), dtype=np.uint8)
# grayImage = cv2.dilate(grayImage, kernel1, 1) # 1:迭代次數(shù)，也就是執(zhí)行幾次膨脹操作
# grayImage = cv2.erode(grayImage, kernel2, 1)
# cv2.imwrite('./img_dilate_erode.png', grayImage)
# contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(grayImage, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
# if len(contours) == 1:
# cv2.drawContours(mask, contours[0], -1, (255, 255, 255), 1)
# cv2.imwrite('./mask.png', mask)
# x, y, w, h = cv2.boundingRect(contours[0])
# cv2.circle(img, (int(x + w / 2), int(y + h / 2)), 1, (0, 0, 255), -1)
# cv2.rectangle(img, (x, y), (x + w + 1, y + h + 1), (0, 255, 255), 1)
# point_center.append(x + w / 2 + point0[0])
# point_center.append(y + h / 2 + point0[1])
# cv2.imwrite('./center1.png', img)
# else:
# gray_circles = cv2.HoughCircles(grayImage, cv2.HOUGH_GRADIENT, 4, 10000, param1=100, param2=81, minRadius=10, maxRadius=19)
# # cv2.imwrite('./img_gray_circles.jpg', gray_circles)
# if len(gray_circles[0]) > 0:
# print('霍夫圓個數(shù):', len(gray_circles[0]))
# for (x, y, r) in gray_circles[0]:
# x = int(x)
# y = int(y)
# cv2.circle(grayImage, (x, y), int(r), (255, 255, 255), -1)
# cv2.imwrite('./img_hf.jpg', grayImage)
#
# detector = cv2.SimpleBlobDetector_create(params)
# keypoints = list(detector.detect(grayImage))
# for poi in keypoints: # 回歸到原大圖坐標(biāo)系
# x_poi, y_poi = poi.pt[0], poi.pt[1]
# cv2.circle(img, (int(x_poi), int(y_poi)), 20, (255, 255, 255), -1)
# point_center.append(poi.pt[0] + point0[0])
# point_center.append(poi.pt[1] + point0[1])
# cv2.imwrite('./img_blob.png', img)
# else:
# for num_cont in range(len(contours)):
# cont = cv2.contourArea(contours[num_cont])
# # if cont > 6:
# # contours2.append(contours[num_cont])
# if cont <= 6:
# x, y, w, h = cv2.boundingRect(contours[num_cont])
# cv2.rectangle(grayImage, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), (0, 0, 0), -1)
# cv2.imwrite('./img_weilj.png', grayImage)
# grayImage = lj_img(grayImage)
# cv2.imwrite('./img_lj.png', grayImage)
# contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(grayImage, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
# # print('再次檢測數(shù)量: ', len(contours))
#
# cv2.drawContours(mask, contours[0], -1, (255, 255, 255), 1)
# cv2.imwrite('./mask.png', mask)
# x, y, w, h = cv2.boundingRect(contours[0])
# cv2.circle(img, (int(x + w / 2), int(y + h / 2)), 1, (0, 0, 255), -1)
# cv2.rectangle(img, (x, y), (x + w + 1, y + h + 1), (0, 255, 255), 1)
# point_center.append(x + w / 2 + point0[0])
# point_center.append(y + h / 2 + point0[1])
# cv2.imwrite('./center1.png', img)
return point_center[0], point_center[1]
if __name__ == "__main__":
for i in range(1,6):
imageName = "s"
imageName += str(i)
path = './Images/danHoles/' + imageName + '.png'
print(path)
img = cv2.imread(path)
point0 = [0, 0]
cir_x, cir_y = mainFigure(img, point0)
# img = cv2.imread('./Images/danHoles/s2.png')
# point0 = [0, 0]
# cir_x, cir_y = mainFigure(img, point0)Ransac_Process.py
import cv2
import math
import random
import numpy as np
from numpy.linalg import inv, svd, det
import time
class RANSAC:
def __init__(self, data, threshold, P, S, N):
self.point_data = data # 橢圓輪廓點集
self.length = len(self.point_data) # 橢圓輪廓點集長度
self.error_threshold = threshold # 模型評估誤差容忍閥值
self.N = N # 隨機(jī)采樣數(shù)
self.S = S # 設(shè)定的內(nèi)點比例
self.P = P # 采得N點去計算的正確模型概率
self.max_inliers = self.length * self.S # 設(shè)定最大內(nèi)點閥值
self.items = 10
self.count = 0 # 內(nèi)點計數(shù)器
self.best_model = ((0, 0), (1e-6, 1e-6), 0) # 橢圓模型存儲器
def random_sampling(self, n):
# 這個部分有修改的空間，這樣循環(huán)次數(shù)太多了，可以看看別人改進(jìn)的ransac擬合橢圓的論文
"""隨機(jī)取n個數(shù)據(jù)點"""
all_point = self.point_data
select_point = np.asarray(random.sample(list(all_point), n))
return select_point
def Geometric2Conic(self, ellipse):
# 這個部分參考了GitHub中的一位大佬的，但是時間太久，忘記哪個人的了
"""計算橢圓方程系數(shù)"""
# Ax ^ 2 + Bxy + Cy ^ 2 + Dx + Ey + F
(x0, y0), (bb, aa), phi_b_deg = ellipse
a, b = aa / 2, bb / 2 # Semimajor and semiminor axes
phi_b_rad = phi_b_deg * np.pi / 180.0 # Convert phi_b from deg to rad
ax, ay = -np.sin(phi_b_rad), np.cos(phi_b_rad) # Major axis unit vector
# Useful intermediates
a2 = a * a
b2 = b * b
# Conic parameters
if a2 > 0 and b2 > 0:
A = ax * ax / a2 + ay * ay / b2
B = 2 * ax * ay / a2 - 2 * ax * ay / b2
C = ay * ay / a2 + ax * ax / b2
D = (-2 * ax * ay * y0 - 2 * ax * ax * x0) / a2 + (2 * ax * ay * y0 - 2 * ay * ay * x0) / b2
E = (-2 * ax * ay * x0 - 2 * ay * ay * y0) / a2 + (2 * ax * ay * x0 - 2 * ax * ax * y0) / b2
F = (2 * ax * ay * x0 * y0 + ax * ax * x0 * x0 + ay * ay * y0 * y0) / a2 + \
(-2 * ax * ay * x0 * y0 + ay * ay * x0 * x0 + ax * ax * y0 * y0) / b2 - 1
else:
# Tiny dummy circle - response to a2 or b2 == 0 overflow warnings
A, B, C, D, E, F = (1, 0, 1, 0, 0, -1e-6)
# Compose conic parameter array
conic = np.array((A, B, C, D, E, F))
return conic
def eval_model(self, ellipse):
# 這個地方也有很大修改空間，判斷是否內(nèi)點的條件在很多改進(jìn)的ransac論文中有說明，可以多看點論文
"""評估橢圓模型，統(tǒng)計內(nèi)點個數(shù)"""
# this an ellipse ?
a, b, c, d, e, f = self.Geometric2Conic(ellipse)
E = 4 * a * c - b * b
if E <= 0:
# print('this is not an ellipse')
return 0, 0
# which long axis ?
(x, y), (LAxis, SAxis), Angle = ellipse
LAxis, SAxis = LAxis / 2, SAxis / 2
if SAxis > LAxis:
temp = SAxis
SAxis = LAxis
LAxis = temp
# calculate focus
Axis = math.sqrt(LAxis * LAxis - SAxis * SAxis)
f1_x = x - Axis * math.cos(Angle * math.pi / 180)
f1_y = y - Axis * math.sin(Angle * math.pi / 180)
f2_x = x + Axis * math.cos(Angle * math.pi / 180)
f2_y = y + Axis * math.sin(Angle * math.pi / 180)
# identify inliers points
f1, f2 = np.array([f1_x, f1_y]), np.array([f2_x, f2_y])
f1_distance = np.square(self.point_data - f1)
f2_distance = np.square(self.point_data - f2)
all_distance = np.sqrt(f1_distance[:, 0] + f1_distance[:, 1]) + np.sqrt(f2_distance[:, 0] + f2_distance[:, 1])
Z = np.abs(2 * LAxis - all_distance)
delta = math.sqrt(np.sum((Z - np.mean(Z)) ** 2) / len(Z))
# Update inliers set
inliers = np.nonzero(Z < 0.8 * delta)[0]
inlier_pnts = self.point_data[inliers]
return len(inlier_pnts), inlier_pnts
def execute_ransac(self):
Time_start = time.time()
while math.ceil(self.items):
# print(self.max_inliers)
# 1.select N points at random
select_points = self.random_sampling(self.N)
# 2.fitting N ellipse points
ellipse = cv2.fitEllipse(select_points)
# 3.assess model and calculate inliers points
inliers_count, inliers_set = self.eval_model(ellipse)
# 4.number of new inliers points more than number of old inliers points ?
if inliers_count > self.count:
ellipse_ = cv2.fitEllipse(inliers_set) # fitting ellipse for inliers points
self.count = inliers_count # Update inliers set
self.best_model = ellipse_ # Update best ellipse
# print("self.count", self.count)
# 5.number of inliers points reach the expected value
if self.count > self.max_inliers:
print('the number of inliers: ', self.count)
break
# Update items
# print(math.log(1 - pow(inliers_count / self.length, self.N)))
self.items = math.log(1 - self.P) / math.log(1 - pow(inliers_count / self.length, self.N))
return self.best_model
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 1.find ellipse edge line
contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(grayImage, cv2.RETR_CCOMP, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
# 2.Ransac fit ellipse param
points_data = np.reshape(contours, (-1, 2)) # ellipse edge points set
Ransac = RANSAC(data=points_data, threshold=0.5, P=.99, S=.618, N=10)
(X, Y), (LAxis, SAxis), Angle = Ransac.execute_ransac()檢測對象
檢測結(jié)果
藍(lán)色是直接橢圓擬合的結(jié)果
紅色是Ransc之后的結(jié)果
到此這篇關(guān)于Python基于隨機(jī)采樣一至性實現(xiàn)擬合橢圓的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Python擬合橢圓內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！
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