Java利用Guava?Retry實(shí)現(xiàn)重處理
在日常開發(fā)中,尤其是在微服務(wù)盛行的時(shí)代下,我們?cè)谡{(diào)用外部接口時(shí),經(jīng)常會(huì)因?yàn)榈谌浇涌诔瑫r(shí)、限流等問(wèn)題從而造成接口調(diào)用失敗,那么此時(shí)我們通常會(huì)對(duì)接口進(jìn)行重試,那么問(wèn)題來(lái)了,如何重試呢?該重試幾次呢?如果要設(shè)置重試時(shí)間超過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間后還不成功就不重試了該怎么做呢?所幸guava-retrying為我們提供了強(qiáng)大而簡(jiǎn)單易用的重試框架guava-retrying。
guava-retrying是谷歌的Guava庫(kù)的一個(gè)小擴(kuò)展,允許為任意函數(shù)調(diào)用創(chuàng)建可配置的重試策略,比如與正常運(yùn)行時(shí)間不穩(wěn)定的遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)對(duì)話的函數(shù)調(diào)用。
一、pom依賴
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.rholder</groupId>
<artifactId>guava-retrying</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0</version>
</dependency>二、使用示例
我們可以通過(guò)RetryerBuilder來(lái)構(gòu)造一個(gè)重試器,通過(guò)RetryerBuilder可以設(shè)置什么時(shí)候需要重試(即重試時(shí)機(jī))、停止重試策略、失敗等待時(shí)間間隔策略、任務(wù)執(zhí)行時(shí)長(zhǎng)限制策略
先看一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子:
private int invokeCount = 0;
public int realAction(int num) {
invokeCount++;
System.out.println(String.format("當(dāng)前執(zhí)行第 %d 次,num:%d", invokeCount, num));
if (num <= 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
return num;
}
@Test
public void guavaRetryTest001() {
Retryer<Integer> retryer = RetryerBuilder.<Integer>newBuilder()
// 非正數(shù)進(jìn)行重試
.retryIfRuntimeException()
// 偶數(shù)則進(jìn)行重試
.retryIfResult(result -> result % 2 == 0)
// 設(shè)置最大執(zhí)行次數(shù)3次
.withStopStrategy(StopStrategies.stopAfterAttempt(3)).build();
try {
invokeCount=0;
retryer.call(() -> realAction(0));
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("執(zhí)行0,異常:" + e.getMessage());
}
try {
invokeCount=0;
retryer.call(() -> realAction(1));
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("執(zhí)行1,異常:" + e.getMessage());
}
try {
invokeCount=0;
retryer.call(() -> realAction(2));
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("執(zhí)行2,異常:" + e.getMessage());
}
}輸出:
當(dāng)前執(zhí)行第 1 次,num:0
當(dāng)前執(zhí)行第 2 次,num:0
當(dāng)前執(zhí)行第 3 次,num:0
執(zhí)行0,異常:Retrying failed to complete successfully after 3 attempts.
當(dāng)前執(zhí)行第 1 次,num:1
當(dāng)前執(zhí)行第 1 次,num:2
當(dāng)前執(zhí)行第 2 次,num:2
當(dāng)前執(zhí)行第 3 次,num:2
執(zhí)行2,異常:Retrying failed to complete successfully after 3 attempts.
三、重試時(shí)機(jī)
RetryerBuilder的retryIfXXX()方法用來(lái)設(shè)置**在什么情況下進(jìn)行重試,總體上可以分為根據(jù)執(zhí)行異常進(jìn)行重試和根據(jù)方法執(zhí)行結(jié)果進(jìn)行重試兩類。關(guān)注公眾號(hào):“碼猿技術(shù)專欄”,回復(fù)關(guān)鍵詞:“1111” 獲取阿里內(nèi)部Java調(diào)優(yōu)手冊(cè)
1. 根據(jù)異常進(jìn)行重試

2. 根據(jù)返回結(jié)果進(jìn)行重試
retryIfResult(@Nonnull Predicate resultPredicate) 這個(gè)比較簡(jiǎn)單,當(dāng)我們傳入的resultPredicate返回true時(shí)則進(jìn)行重試
四、停止重試策略StopStrategy
停止重試策略用來(lái)決定什么時(shí)候不進(jìn)行重試,其接口com.github.rholder.retry.StopStrategy,停止重試策略的實(shí)現(xiàn)類均在com.github.rholder.retry.StopStrategies中,它是一個(gè)策略工廠類。
public interface StopStrategy {
/**
* Returns <code>true</code> if the retryer should stop retrying.
*
* @param failedAttempt the previous failed {@code Attempt}
* @return <code>true</code> if the retryer must stop, <code>false</code> otherwise
*/
boolean shouldStop(Attempt failedAttempt);
}1. NeverStopStrategy
此策略將永遠(yuǎn)重試,永不停止,查看其實(shí)現(xiàn)類,直接返回了false:
@Override
public boolean shouldStop(Attempt failedAttempt) {
return false;
}2. StopAfterAttemptStrategy
當(dāng)執(zhí)行次數(shù)到達(dá)指定次數(shù)之后停止重試,查看其實(shí)現(xiàn)類:
private static final class StopAfterAttemptStrategy implements StopStrategy {
private final int maxAttemptNumber;
public StopAfterAttemptStrategy(int maxAttemptNumber) {
Preconditions.checkArgument(maxAttemptNumber >= 1, "maxAttemptNumber must be >= 1 but is %d", maxAttemptNumber);
this.maxAttemptNumber = maxAttemptNumber;
}
@Override
public boolean shouldStop(Attempt failedAttempt) {
return failedAttempt.getAttemptNumber() >= maxAttemptNumber;
}
}3. StopAfterDelayStrategy
當(dāng)距離方法的第一次執(zhí)行超出了指定的delay時(shí)間時(shí)停止,也就是說(shuō)一直進(jìn)行重試,當(dāng)進(jìn)行下一次重試的時(shí)候會(huì)判斷從第一次執(zhí)行到現(xiàn)在的所消耗的時(shí)間是否超過(guò)了這里指定的delay時(shí)間,查看其實(shí)現(xiàn):
private static final class StopAfterAttemptStrategy implements StopStrategy {
private final int maxAttemptNumber;
public StopAfterAttemptStrategy(int maxAttemptNumber) {
Preconditions.checkArgument(maxAttemptNumber >= 1, "maxAttemptNumber must be >= 1 but is %d", maxAttemptNumber);
this.maxAttemptNumber = maxAttemptNumber;
}
@Override
public boolean shouldStop(Attempt failedAttempt) {
return failedAttempt.getAttemptNumber() >= maxAttemptNumber;
}
}五、重試間隔策略、重試阻塞策略
這兩個(gè)策略放在一起說(shuō),它們合起來(lái)的作用就是用來(lái)控制重試任務(wù)之間的間隔時(shí)間,以及如何任務(wù)在等待時(shí)間間隔時(shí)如何阻塞。也就是說(shuō)WaitStrategy決定了重試任務(wù)等待多久后進(jìn)行下一次任務(wù)的執(zhí)行,BlockStrategy用來(lái)決定任務(wù)如何等待。它們兩的策略工廠分別為com.github.rholder.retry.WaitStrategies和BlockStrategies。
1.BlockStrategy
(1) ThreadSleepStrategy
這個(gè)是BlockStrategies,決定如何阻塞任務(wù),其主要就是通過(guò)**Thread.sleep()**來(lái)進(jìn)行阻塞的,查看其實(shí)現(xiàn):
@Immutable
private static class ThreadSleepStrategy implements BlockStrategy {
@Override
public void block(long sleepTime) throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
}
}2. WaitStrategy
(1) IncrementingWaitStrategy
該策略在決定任務(wù)間隔時(shí)間時(shí),返回的是一個(gè)遞增的間隔時(shí)間,即每次任務(wù)重試間隔時(shí)間逐步遞增,越來(lái)越長(zhǎng),查看其實(shí)現(xiàn):
private static final class IncrementingWaitStrategy implements WaitStrategy {
private final long initialSleepTime;
private final long increment;
public IncrementingWaitStrategy(long initialSleepTime,
long increment) {
Preconditions.checkArgument(initialSleepTime >= 0L, "initialSleepTime must be >= 0 but is %d", initialSleepTime);
this.initialSleepTime = initialSleepTime;
this.increment = increment;
}
@Override
public long computeSleepTime(Attempt failedAttempt) {
long result = initialSleepTime + (increment * (failedAttempt.getAttemptNumber() - 1));
return result >= 0L ? result : 0L;
}
}該策略輸入一個(gè)起始間隔時(shí)間值和一個(gè)遞增步長(zhǎng),然后每次等待的時(shí)長(zhǎng)都遞增increment時(shí)長(zhǎng)。
(2) RandomWaitStrategy
顧名思義,返回一個(gè)隨機(jī)的間隔時(shí)長(zhǎng),我們需要傳入的就是一個(gè)最小間隔和最大間隔,然后隨機(jī)返回介于兩者之間的一個(gè)間隔時(shí)長(zhǎng),其實(shí)現(xiàn)為:
private static final class RandomWaitStrategy implements WaitStrategy {
private static final Random RANDOM = new Random();
private final long minimum;
private final long maximum;
public RandomWaitStrategy(long minimum, long maximum) {
Preconditions.checkArgument(minimum >= 0, "minimum must be >= 0 but is %d", minimum);
Preconditions.checkArgument(maximum > minimum, "maximum must be > minimum but maximum is %d and minimum is", maximum, minimum);
this.minimum = minimum;
this.maximum = maximum;
}
@Override
public long computeSleepTime(Attempt failedAttempt) {
long t = Math.abs(RANDOM.nextLong()) % (maximum - minimum);
return t + minimum;
}
}(3) FixedWaitStrategy
該策略是返回一個(gè)固定時(shí)長(zhǎng)的重試間隔。查看其實(shí)現(xiàn):
private static final class FixedWaitStrategy implements WaitStrategy {
private final long sleepTime;
public FixedWaitStrategy(long sleepTime) {
Preconditions.checkArgument(sleepTime >= 0L, "sleepTime must be >= 0 but is %d", sleepTime);
this.sleepTime = sleepTime;
}
@Override
public long computeSleepTime(Attempt failedAttempt) {
return sleepTime;
}
}() ExceptionWaitStrategy
該策略是由方法執(zhí)行異常來(lái)決定是否重試任務(wù)之間進(jìn)行間隔等待,以及間隔多久。
private static final class ExceptionWaitStrategy<T extends Throwable> implements WaitStrategy {
private final Class<T> exceptionClass;
private final Function<T, Long> function;
public ExceptionWaitStrategy(@Nonnull Class<T> exceptionClass, @Nonnull Function<T, Long> function) {
this.exceptionClass = exceptionClass;
this.function = function;
}
@SuppressWarnings({"ThrowableResultOfMethodCallIgnored", "ConstantConditions", "unchecked"})
@Override
public long computeSleepTime(Attempt lastAttempt) {
if (lastAttempt.hasException()) {
Throwable cause = lastAttempt.getExceptionCause();
if (exceptionClass.isAssignableFrom(cause.getClass())) {
return function.apply((T) cause);
}
}
return 0L;
}
}(5) CompositeWaitStrategy
這個(gè)沒(méi)啥好說(shuō)的,顧名思義,就是一個(gè)策略的組合,你可以傳入多個(gè)WaitStrategy,然后所有WaitStrategy返回的間隔時(shí)長(zhǎng)相加就是最終的間隔時(shí)間。查看其實(shí)現(xiàn):
private static final class CompositeWaitStrategy implements WaitStrategy {
private final List<WaitStrategy> waitStrategies;
public CompositeWaitStrategy(List<WaitStrategy> waitStrategies) {
Preconditions.checkState(!waitStrategies.isEmpty(), "Need at least one wait strategy");
this.waitStrategies = waitStrategies;
}
@Override
public long computeSleepTime(Attempt failedAttempt) {
long waitTime = 0L;
for (WaitStrategy waitStrategy : waitStrategies) {
waitTime += waitStrategy.computeSleepTime(failedAttempt);
}
return waitTime;
}
}(6) FibonacciWaitStrategy
這個(gè)策略與IncrementingWaitStrategy有點(diǎn)相似,間隔時(shí)間都是隨著重試次數(shù)的增加而遞增的,不同的是,F(xiàn)ibonacciWaitStrategy是按照斐波那契數(shù)列來(lái)進(jìn)行計(jì)算的,使用這個(gè)策略時(shí),我們需要傳入一個(gè)乘數(shù)因子和最大間隔時(shí)長(zhǎng),其實(shí)現(xiàn)就不貼了
(7) ExponentialWaitStrategy
這個(gè)與IncrementingWaitStrategy、FibonacciWaitStrategy也類似,間隔時(shí)間都是隨著重試次數(shù)的增加而遞增的,但是該策略的遞增是呈指數(shù)級(jí)遞增。查看其實(shí)現(xiàn):
private static final class ExponentialWaitStrategy implements WaitStrategy {
private final long multiplier;
private final long maximumWait;
public ExponentialWaitStrategy(long multiplier,
long maximumWait) {
Preconditions.checkArgument(multiplier > 0L, "multiplier must be > 0 but is %d", multiplier);
Preconditions.checkArgument(maximumWait >= 0L, "maximumWait must be >= 0 but is %d", maximumWait);
Preconditions.checkArgument(multiplier < maximumWait, "multiplier must be < maximumWait but is %d", multiplier);
this.multiplier = multiplier;
this.maximumWait = maximumWait;
}
@Override
public long computeSleepTime(Attempt failedAttempt) {
double exp = Math.pow(2, failedAttempt.getAttemptNumber());
long result = Math.round(multiplier * exp);
if (result > maximumWait) {
result = maximumWait;
}
return result >= 0L ? result : 0L;
}
}六、重試監(jiān)聽(tīng)器RetryListener
當(dāng)發(fā)生重試時(shí),將會(huì)調(diào)用RetryListener的onRetry方法,此時(shí)我們可以進(jìn)行比如記錄日志等額外操作。
public int realAction(int num) {
if (num <= 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
return num;
}
@Test
public void guavaRetryTest001() throws ExecutionException, RetryException {
Retryer<Integer> retryer = RetryerBuilder.<Integer>newBuilder().retryIfException()
.withRetryListener(new MyRetryListener())
// 設(shè)置最大執(zhí)行次數(shù)3次
.withStopStrategy(StopStrategies.stopAfterAttempt(3)).build();
retryer.call(() -> realAction(0));
}
private static class MyRetryListener implements RetryListener {
@Override
public <V> void onRetry(Attempt<V> attempt) {
System.out.println("第" + attempt.getAttemptNumber() + "次執(zhí)行");
}
}輸出:
第1次執(zhí)行
第2次執(zhí)行
第3次執(zhí)行
七、重試原理
其實(shí)到這一步之后,實(shí)現(xiàn)原理大概就很清楚了,就是由上述各種策略配合從而達(dá)到了非常靈活的重試機(jī)制。在這之前我們看一個(gè)上面沒(méi)說(shuō)的東東-Attempt:
public interface Attempt<V> {
public V get() throws ExecutionException;
public boolean hasResult();
public boolean hasException();
public V getResult() throws IllegalStateException;
public Throwable getExceptionCause() throws IllegalStateException;
public long getAttemptNumber();
public long getDelaySinceFirstAttempt();
}通過(guò)接口方法可以知道Attempt這個(gè)類包含了任務(wù)執(zhí)行次數(shù)、任務(wù)執(zhí)行異常、任務(wù)執(zhí)行結(jié)果、以及首次執(zhí)行任務(wù)至今的時(shí)間間隔,那么我們后續(xù)的不管重試時(shí)機(jī)、還是其他策略都是根據(jù)此值來(lái)決定。
接下來(lái)看關(guān)鍵執(zhí)行入口Retryer##call:
public V call(Callable<V> callable) throws ExecutionException, RetryException {
long startTime = System.nanoTime();
// 執(zhí)行次數(shù)從1開始
for (int attemptNumber = 1; ; attemptNumber++) {
Attempt<V> attempt;
try {
// 嘗試執(zhí)行
V result = attemptTimeLimiter.call(callable);
// 執(zhí)行成功則將結(jié)果封裝為ResultAttempt
attempt = new Retryer.ResultAttempt<V>(result, attemptNumber, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(System.nanoTime() - startTime));
} catch (Throwable t) {
// 執(zhí)行異常則將結(jié)果封裝為ExceptionAttempt
attempt = new Retryer.ExceptionAttempt<V>(t, attemptNumber, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(System.nanoTime() - startTime));
}
// 這里將執(zhí)行結(jié)果傳給RetryListener做一些額外事情
for (RetryListener listener : listeners) {
listener.onRetry(attempt);
}
// 這個(gè)就是決定是否要進(jìn)行重試的地方,如果不進(jìn)行重試直接返回結(jié)果,執(zhí)行成功就返回結(jié)果,執(zhí)行失敗就返回異常
if (!rejectionPredicate.apply(attempt)) {
return attempt.get();
}
// 到這里,說(shuō)明需要進(jìn)行重試,則此時(shí)先決定是否到達(dá)了停止重試的時(shí)機(jī),如果到達(dá)了則直接返回異常
if (stopStrategy.shouldStop(attempt)) {
throw new RetryException(attemptNumber, attempt);
} else {
// 決定重試時(shí)間間隔
long sleepTime = waitStrategy.computeSleepTime(attempt);
try {
// 進(jìn)行阻塞
blockStrategy.block(sleepTime);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
throw new RetryException(attemptNumber, attempt);
}
}
}八、總結(jié)
通篇下來(lái)可以看到其實(shí)核心實(shí)現(xiàn)并不難,但是此框架通過(guò)建造者模式和策略模式組合運(yùn)用,提供了十分清晰明了且靈活的重試機(jī)制,其設(shè)計(jì)思路還是值得借鑒學(xué)習(xí)!
以上就是Java利用Guava Retry實(shí)現(xiàn)重處理的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容,更多關(guān)于Java Guava Retry的資料請(qǐng)關(guān)注腳本之家其它相關(guān)文章!
相關(guān)文章
IDEA提示 add *** to custom tags問(wèn)題及解決
文章介紹了如何在文檔注釋中添加自定義注解(@xxx),并提供了添加和刪除注解的方法,總結(jié)了個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn),希望對(duì)大家有所幫助2024-12-12
解決java.util.HashMap$Values?cannot?be?cast?to?java.ut的問(wèn)題
這篇文章主要介紹了解決java.util.HashMap$Values?cannot?be?cast?to?java.ut的問(wèn)題,具有很好的參考價(jià)值,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。如有錯(cuò)誤或未考慮完全的地方,望不吝賜教2023-03-03
Spring Junit單元測(cè)試加載配置文件失敗問(wèn)題
這篇文章主要介紹了Spring Junit加載配置文件失敗問(wèn)題解決,文中通過(guò)示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì),對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值,需要的朋友可以參考下2020-05-05
Java新特性之Nashorn_動(dòng)力節(jié)點(diǎn)Java學(xué)院整理
這篇文章主要介紹了Java新特性之Nashorn的相關(guān)資料,需要的朋友可以參考下2017-06-06
Java排序之冒泡排序的實(shí)現(xiàn)與優(yōu)化
冒泡排序是一種簡(jiǎn)單的交換排序。之所以叫做冒泡排序,因?yàn)槲覀兛梢园衙總€(gè)元素當(dāng)成一個(gè)小氣泡,根據(jù)氣泡大小,一步一步移動(dòng)到隊(duì)伍的一端,最后形成一定對(duì)的順序。本文將利用Java實(shí)現(xiàn)冒泡排序,并進(jìn)行一定的優(yōu)化,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助2022-11-11

