Android NTP 時(shí)間同步機(jī)制詳解

更新時(shí)間：2022年08月07日 16:15:30 作者：baima

這篇文章主要為大家介紹了Android NTP時(shí)間同步機(jī)制實(shí)例詳解，有需要的朋友可以借鑒參考下，希望能夠有所幫助，祝大家多多進(jìn)步，早日升職加薪

正文

NTP是Android原生通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取時(shí)間的機(jī)制，其中關(guān)鍵代碼邏輯都在NetworkTimeUpdateService，它是Android系統(tǒng)服務(wù)，由SystemServer啟動(dòng)。

本篇文章基于Android 10源碼分析。

初始化

我們從它的構(gòu)造方法開(kāi)始分析：

    public NetworkTimeUpdateService(Context context) {
        mContext = context;
        //NtpTrustedTime用于獲取網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)間
        mTime = NtpTrustedTime.getInstance(context);
        mAlarmManager = mContext.getSystemService(AlarmManager.class);
        mTimeDetector = mContext.getSystemService(TimeDetector.class);
        mCM = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
        Intent pollIntent = new Intent(ACTION_POLL, null);
        //創(chuàng)建mPendingPollIntent，用于發(fā)送定時(shí)廣播
        mPendingPollIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, POLL_REQUEST, pollIntent, 0);
        // 請(qǐng)求服務(wù)器頻率 86400000ms = 24h
        //從配置文件LINUX/android/frameworks/base/core/res/res/values/config.xml中解析獲得
        mPollingIntervalMs = mContext.getResources().getInteger(
                com.android.internal.R.integer.config_ntpPollingInterval);
        //請(qǐng)求時(shí)間間隔 60000ms = 10min
        mPollingIntervalShorterMs = mContext.getResources().getInteger(
                com.android.internal.R.integer.config_ntpPollingIntervalShorter);
        //最大嘗試次數(shù) 3        
        mTryAgainTimesMax = mContext.getResources().getInteger(
                com.android.internal.R.integer.config_ntpRetry);
        mWakeLock = context.getSystemService(PowerManager.class).newWakeLock(
                PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, TAG);
    }

構(gòu)造方法中主要是對(duì)各種變量進(jìn)行初始化操作，接下來(lái)分析systemRunning方法，它是個(gè)public方法，NetworkTimeUpdateService創(chuàng)建時(shí)，被SystemServer調(diào)用。

/** Initialize the receivers and initiate the first NTP request */
public void systemRunning() {
    //注冊(cè)廣播
    registerForAlarms();
    //初始化Handler
    HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread(TAG);
    thread.start();
    mHandler = new MyHandler(thread.getLooper());
    //向ConnectivityManager注冊(cè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀況監(jiān)聽(tīng)
    mNetworkTimeUpdateCallback = new NetworkTimeUpdateCallback();
    mCM.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(mNetworkTimeUpdateCallback, mHandler);
    //使用ContentObsrver監(jiān)聽(tīng)Settings.Global.AUTO_TIME值的變化
    mAutoTimeSettingObserver = new AutoTimeSettingObserver(mContext, mHandler,
            EVENT_AUTO_TIME_ENABLED);
    mAutoTimeSettingObserver.observe();
}
private void registerForAlarms() {
    mContext.registerReceiver(
            new BroadcastReceiver() {
                @Override
                public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
                    mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_POLL_NETWORK_TIME).sendToTarget();
                }
            }, new IntentFilter(ACTION_POLL));
}

這個(gè)方法中NetworkTimeUpdateService注冊(cè)了三個(gè)監(jiān)聽(tīng)：

1.調(diào)用registerForAlarms，注冊(cè)一個(gè)廣播接收者，接收ACTION_POLL廣播，收到后向消息隊(duì)列發(fā)送一個(gè)EVENT_POLL_NETWORK_TIME的事件；
2.向ConnectivityManager注冊(cè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀況監(jiān)聽(tīng)；
3.監(jiān)聽(tīng)Settings.Global.AUTO_TIME值的變化。

咱們對(duì)這三個(gè)監(jiān)聽(tīng)以及如何觸發(fā)挨個(gè)的分析。

NetworkTimeUpdateCallback

mNetworkTimeUpdateCallback = new NetworkTimeUpdateCallback();
mCM.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(mNetworkTimeUpdateCallback, mHandler);
private class NetworkTimeUpdateCallback extends NetworkCallback {
    @Override
    public void onAvailable(Network network) {
        Log.d(TAG, String.format("New default network %s; checking time.", network));
        mDefaultNetwork = network;
        // Running on mHandler so invoke directly.
        onPollNetworkTime(EVENT_NETWORK_CHANGED);
    }
    @Override
    public void onLost(Network network) {
        if (network.equals(mDefaultNetwork)) mDefaultNetwork = null;
    }
}

NetworkTimeUpdateCallback實(shí)現(xiàn)了NetworkCallback接口，當(dāng)被回調(diào)onAvailable（網(wǎng)絡(luò)切換/可用）時(shí)，賦值mDefaultNetwork并調(diào)用onPollNetworkTime(EVENT_NETWORK_CHANGED)方法。

AutoTimeSettingObserver

mAutoTimeSettingObserver = new AutoTimeSettingObserver(mContext, mHandler,
               EVENT_AUTO_TIME_ENABLED);
       mAutoTimeSettingObserver.observe();
/**
 * Observer to watch for changes to the AUTO_TIME setting. It only triggers when the setting
 * is enabled.
 */
private static class AutoTimeSettingObserver extends ContentObserver {
    private final Context mContext;
    private final int mMsg;
    private final Handler mHandler;
    AutoTimeSettingObserver(Context context, Handler handler, int msg) {...}
    void observe() {
        ContentResolver resolver = mContext.getContentResolver();
        resolver.registerContentObserver(Settings.Global.getUriFor(Settings.Global.AUTO_TIME),
                false, this);
    }
    @Override
    public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
        if (isAutomaticTimeEnabled()) {
            mHandler.obtainMessage(mMsg).sendToTarget();
        }
    }
    /**
     * Checks if the user prefers to automatically set the time.
     */
    private boolean isAutomaticTimeEnabled() {
        ContentResolver resolver = mContext.getContentResolver();
        return Settings.Global.getInt(resolver, Settings.Global.AUTO_TIME, 0) != 0;
    }
}

監(jiān)聽(tīng)Settings.Global.AUTO_TIME的變化，當(dāng)值改變且AUTO_TIME != 0 時(shí)，向消息隊(duì)列發(fā)送一個(gè)類型為EVENT_AUTO_TIME_ENABLED的消息。

看到這有三個(gè)東西我們還沒(méi)確認(rèn)，何時(shí)發(fā)送ACTION_POLL廣播、onPollNetworkTime方法實(shí)現(xiàn)、Handler的實(shí)現(xiàn)。為了更有條理我打亂一下順序，先介紹Handler和onPollNetworkTime。

MyHandler

/** Handler to do the network accesses on */
private class MyHandler extends Handler {
    MyHandler(Looper l) {
        super(l);
    }
    @Override
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
        switch (msg.what) {
            case EVENT_AUTO_TIME_ENABLED:
            case EVENT_POLL_NETWORK_TIME:
            case EVENT_NETWORK_CHANGED:
                onPollNetworkTime(msg.what);
                break;
        }
    }
}

三種類型的消息最終都會(huì)調(diào)用onPollNetworkTime，只有參數(shù)不一樣。

onPollNetworkTime

private void onPollNetworkTime(int event) {
       // If we don't have any default network, don't bother.
       if (mDefaultNetwork == null) return;
       mWakeLock.acquire();
       try {
           onPollNetworkTimeUnderWakeLock(event);
       } finally {
           mWakeLock.release();
       }
   }

當(dāng)前無(wú)網(wǎng)絡(luò)情況直接返回，并使用PowerManager.WakeLock（屏幕恒亮）調(diào)用onPollNetworkTimeUnderWakeLock(event)。

   private void onPollNetworkTimeUnderWakeLock(int event) {
       // 使用NtpTrustedTime獲取網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)間
       NtpTrustedTime.TimeResult cachedNtpResult = mTime.getCachedTimeResult();
       //cachedNtpResult.getAgeMillis()是上次請(qǐng)求ntp服務(wù)器的時(shí)間
       //如果大于等于1天，則強(qiáng)制刷新時(shí)間
       if (cachedNtpResult == null || cachedNtpResult.getAgeMillis() >= mPollingIntervalMs) {
           if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Stale NTP fix; forcing refresh");
           //該方法是個(gè)阻塞方法
           mTime.forceRefresh();
           cachedNtpResult = mTime.getCachedTimeResult();
       }
       //cachedNtpResult.getAgeMillis() < 1天
       if (cachedNtpResult != null && cachedNtpResult.getAgeMillis() < mPollingIntervalMs) {
           //設(shè)置定時(shí)廣播，1天后觸發(fā)
           resetAlarm(mPollingIntervalMs);
           // Suggest the time to the time detector. It may choose use it to set the system clock.
          // 設(shè)置系統(tǒng)時(shí)間
           TimestampedValue<Long> timeSignal = new TimestampedValue<>(
                   cachedNtpResult.getElapsedRealtimeMillis(), cachedNtpResult.getTimeMillis());
           NetworkTimeSuggestion timeSuggestion = new NetworkTimeSuggestion(timeSignal);
           timeSuggestion.addDebugInfo("Origin: NetworkTimeUpdateService. event=" + event);
           mTimeDetector.suggestNetworkTime(timeSuggestion);
       } else {
           mTryAgainCounter++;
           if (mTryAgainTimesMax < 0 || mTryAgainCounter <= mTryAgainTimesMax) {
               //設(shè)置定時(shí)廣播，10分鐘后觸發(fā)
               resetAlarm(mPollingIntervalShorterMs);
           } else {
               //設(shè)置定時(shí)廣播，1天后觸發(fā)
               mTryAgainCounter = 0;
               resetAlarm(mPollingIntervalMs);
           }
       }
   }

注意到上面調(diào)用了resetAlarm(),該方法即是定時(shí)發(fā)送ACTION_POLL廣播。

private void resetAlarm(long interval) {
    mAlarmManager.cancel(mPendingPollIntent);
    long now = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
    long next = now + interval;
    mAlarmManager.set(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME, next, mPendingPollIntent);
}

總結(jié)一下onPollNetworkTimeUnderWakeLock做的事情：