Android?TextView跑馬燈實(shí)現(xiàn)原理及方法實(shí)例
更新時(shí)間：2022年05月07日 15:58:34 作者：guodongAndroid
字的跑馬燈效果在移動(dòng)端開發(fā)中是一個(gè)比較常見的需求場景,下面這篇文章主要給大家介紹了關(guān)于Android?TextView跑馬燈實(shí)現(xiàn)原理及方法的相關(guān)資料,需要的朋友可以參考下
前言
自定義View實(shí)現(xiàn)的跑馬燈一直沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)類似 Android TextView 的跑馬燈首尾相接的效果，所以一直想看看Android TextView 的跑馬燈是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)
本文主要探秘 Android TextView 的跑馬燈實(shí)現(xiàn)原理及實(shí)現(xiàn)自下往上效果的跑馬燈
探秘
TextView#onDraw
原生 Android TextView 如何設(shè)置開啟跑馬燈效果，此處不再描述，View 的繪制都在 onDraw 方法中，這里直接查看 TextView#onDraw() 方法，刪減一些不關(guān)心的代碼
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
// 是否需要重啟啟動(dòng)跑馬燈
restartMarqueeIfNeeded();
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// Draw the background for this view
super.onDraw(canvas);
// 刪減不關(guān)心的代碼
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// 創(chuàng)建`mLayout`對(duì)象, 此處為`StaticLayout`
if (mLayout == null) {
assumeLayout();
}
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Layout layout = mLayout;
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canvas.save();
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// 刪減不關(guān)心的代碼
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final int layoutDirection = getLayoutDirection();
final int absoluteGravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(mGravity, layoutDirection);
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// 判斷跑馬燈設(shè)置項(xiàng)是否正確
if (isMarqueeFadeEnabled()) {
if (!mSingleLine && getLineCount() == 1 && canMarquee()
&& (absoluteGravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) != Gravity.LEFT) {
final int width = mRight - mLeft;
final int padding = getCompoundPaddingLeft() + getCompoundPaddingRight();
final float dx = mLayout.getLineRight(0) - (width - padding);
canvas.translate(layout.getParagraphDirection(0) * dx, 0.0f);
}
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// 判斷跑馬燈是否啟動(dòng)
if (mMarquee != null && mMarquee.isRunning()) {
final float dx = -mMarquee.getScroll();
// 移動(dòng)畫布
canvas.translate(layout.getParagraphDirection(0) * dx, 0.0f);
}
}
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final int cursorOffsetVertical = voffsetCursor - voffsetText;
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Path highlight = getUpdatedHighlightPath();
if (mEditor != null) {
mEditor.onDraw(canvas, layout, highlight, mHighlightPaint, cursorOffsetVertical);
} else {
// 繪制文本
layout.draw(canvas, highlight, mHighlightPaint, cursorOffsetVertical);
}
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// 判斷是否可以繪制尾部文本
if (mMarquee != null && mMarquee.shouldDrawGhost()) {
final float dx = mMarquee.getGhostOffset();
// 移動(dòng)畫布
canvas.translate(layout.getParagraphDirection(0) * dx, 0.0f);
// 繪制尾部文本
layout.draw(canvas, highlight, mHighlightPaint, cursorOffsetVertical);
}
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canvas.restore();
}Marquee
根據(jù) onDraw() 方法分析，跑馬燈效果的實(shí)現(xiàn)主要依賴 mMarquee 這個(gè)對(duì)象來實(shí)現(xiàn)，好的，看下 Marquee 吧，Marquee 代碼較少，就貼上全部源碼吧
private static final class Marquee {
// TODO: Add an option to configure this
// 縮放相關(guān)，不關(guān)心此字段
private static final float MARQUEE_DELTA_MAX = 0.07f;
// 跑馬燈跑完一次后多久開始下一次
private static final int MARQUEE_DELAY = 1200;
// 繪制一次跑多長距離因子，此字段與速度相關(guān)
private static final int MARQUEE_DP_PER_SECOND = 30;
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// 跑馬燈狀態(tài)常量
private static final byte MARQUEE_STOPPED = 0x0;
private static final byte MARQUEE_STARTING = 0x1;
private static final byte MARQUEE_RUNNING = 0x2;
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// 對(duì)TextView進(jìn)行弱引用
private final WeakReference<TextView> mView;
// 幀率相關(guān)
private final Choreographer mChoreographer;
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// 狀態(tài)
private byte mStatus = MARQUEE_STOPPED;
// 繪制一次跑多長距離
private final float mPixelsPerMs;
// 最大滾動(dòng)距離
private float mMaxScroll;
// 是否可以繪制右陰影, 右側(cè)淡入淡出效果
private float mMaxFadeScroll;
// 尾部文本什么時(shí)候開始繪制
private float mGhostStart;
// 尾部文本繪制位置偏移量
private float mGhostOffset;
// 是否可以繪制左陰影，左側(cè)淡入淡出效果
private float mFadeStop;
// 重復(fù)限制
private int mRepeatLimit;
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// 跑動(dòng)距離
private float mScroll;
// 最后一次跑動(dòng)時(shí)間，單位毫秒
private long mLastAnimationMs;
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Marquee(TextView v) {
final float density = v.getContext().getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
// 計(jì)算每次跑多長距離
mPixelsPerMs = MARQUEE_DP_PER_SECOND * density / 1000f;
mView = new WeakReference<TextView>(v);
mChoreographer = Choreographer.getInstance();
}
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// 幀率回調(diào)，用于跑馬燈跑動(dòng)
private Choreographer.FrameCallback mTickCallback = new Choreographer.FrameCallback() {
@Override
public void doFrame(long frameTimeNanos) {
tick();
}
};
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// 幀率回調(diào)，用于跑馬燈開始跑動(dòng)
private Choreographer.FrameCallback mStartCallback = new Choreographer.FrameCallback() {
@Override
public void doFrame(long frameTimeNanos) {
mStatus = MARQUEE_RUNNING;
mLastAnimationMs = mChoreographer.getFrameTime();
tick();
}
};
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// 幀率回調(diào)，用于跑馬燈重新跑動(dòng)
private Choreographer.FrameCallback mRestartCallback = new Choreographer.FrameCallback() {
@Override
public void doFrame(long frameTimeNanos) {
if (mStatus == MARQUEE_RUNNING) {
if (mRepeatLimit >= 0) {
mRepeatLimit--;
}
start(mRepeatLimit);
}
}
};
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// 跑馬燈跑動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)
void tick() {
if (mStatus != MARQUEE_RUNNING) {
return;
}
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mChoreographer.removeFrameCallback(mTickCallback);
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final TextView textView = mView.get();
// 判斷TextView是否處于獲取焦點(diǎn)或選中狀態(tài)
if (textView != null && (textView.isFocused() || textView.isSelected())) {
// 獲取當(dāng)前時(shí)間
long currentMs = mChoreographer.getFrameTime();
// 計(jì)算當(dāng)前時(shí)間與上次時(shí)間的差值
long deltaMs = currentMs - mLastAnimationMs;
mLastAnimationMs = currentMs;
// 根據(jù)時(shí)間差計(jì)算本次跑動(dòng)的距離，減輕視覺上跳動(dòng)/卡頓
float deltaPx = deltaMs * mPixelsPerMs;
// 計(jì)算跑動(dòng)距離
mScroll += deltaPx;
// 判斷是否已經(jīng)跑完
if (mScroll > mMaxScroll) {
mScroll = mMaxScroll;
// 發(fā)送重新開始跑動(dòng)事件
mChoreographer.postFrameCallbackDelayed(mRestartCallback, MARQUEE_DELAY);
} else {
// 發(fā)送下一次跑動(dòng)事件
mChoreographer.postFrameCallback(mTickCallback);
}
// 調(diào)用此方法會(huì)觸發(fā)執(zhí)行`onDraw`方法
textView.invalidate();
}
}
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// 停止跑馬燈
void stop() {
mStatus = MARQUEE_STOPPED;
mChoreographer.removeFrameCallback(mStartCallback);
mChoreographer.removeFrameCallback(mRestartCallback);
mChoreographer.removeFrameCallback(mTickCallback);
resetScroll();
}
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private void resetScroll() {
mScroll = 0.0f;
final TextView textView = mView.get();
if (textView != null) textView.invalidate();
}
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// 啟動(dòng)跑馬燈
void start(int repeatLimit) {
if (repeatLimit == 0) {
stop();
return;
}
mRepeatLimit = repeatLimit;
final TextView textView = mView.get();
if (textView != null && textView.mLayout != null) {
// 設(shè)置狀態(tài)為在跑
mStatus = MARQUEE_STARTING;
// 重置跑動(dòng)距離
mScroll = 0.0f;
// 計(jì)算TextView寬度
final int textWidth = textView.getWidth() - textView.getCompoundPaddingLeft()
- textView.getCompoundPaddingRight();
// 獲取文本第0行的寬度
final float lineWidth = textView.mLayout.getLineWidth(0);
// 取TextView寬度的三分之一
final float gap = textWidth / 3.0f;
// 計(jì)算什么時(shí)候可以開始繪制尾部文本：首部文本跑動(dòng)到哪里可以繪制尾部文本
mGhostStart = lineWidth - textWidth + gap;
// 計(jì)算最大滾動(dòng)距離：什么時(shí)候認(rèn)為跑完一次
mMaxScroll = mGhostStart + textWidth;
// 尾部文本繪制偏移量
mGhostOffset = lineWidth + gap;
// 跑動(dòng)到哪里時(shí)不繪制左側(cè)陰影
mFadeStop = lineWidth + textWidth / 6.0f;
// 跑動(dòng)到哪里時(shí)不繪制右側(cè)陰影
mMaxFadeScroll = mGhostStart + lineWidth + lineWidth;
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textView.invalidate();
// 開始跑動(dòng)
mChoreographer.postFrameCallback(mStartCallback);
}
}
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// 獲取尾部文本繪制位置偏移量
float getGhostOffset() {
return mGhostOffset;
}
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// 獲取當(dāng)前滾動(dòng)距離
float getScroll() {
return mScroll;
}
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// 獲取可以右側(cè)陰影繪制的最大距離
float getMaxFadeScroll() {
return mMaxFadeScroll;
}
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// 判斷是否可以繪制左側(cè)陰影
boolean shouldDrawLeftFade() {
return mScroll <= mFadeStop;
}
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// 判斷是否可以繪制尾部文本
boolean shouldDrawGhost() {
return mStatus == MARQUEE_RUNNING && mScroll > mGhostStart;
}
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// 跑馬燈是否在跑
boolean isRunning() {
return mStatus == MARQUEE_RUNNING;
}
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// 跑馬燈是否不跑
boolean isStopped() {
return mStatus == MARQUEE_STOPPED;
}
}好的，分析完 Marquee，跑馬燈實(shí)現(xiàn)原理豁然明亮
- 在 TextView 開啟跑馬燈效果時(shí)調(diào)用 Marquee#start() 方法
- 在 Marquee#start() 方法中觸發(fā) TextView 重繪，開始計(jì)算跑動(dòng)距離
- 在 TextView#onDraw() 方法中根據(jù)跑動(dòng)距離移動(dòng)畫布并繪制首部文本，再根據(jù)跑動(dòng)距離判斷是否可以移動(dòng)畫布繪制尾部文本
小結(jié)
TextView 通過移動(dòng)畫布繪制兩次文本實(shí)現(xiàn)跑馬燈效果，根據(jù)兩幀繪制的時(shí)間差計(jì)算跑動(dòng)距離，怎一個(gè)"妙"字了得
應(yīng)用
上面分析完原生 Android TextView 跑馬燈的實(shí)現(xiàn)原理，但是原生 Android TextView 跑馬燈有幾點(diǎn)不足：
- 無法設(shè)置跑動(dòng)速度
- 無法設(shè)置重跑間隔時(shí)長
- 無法實(shí)現(xiàn)上下跑動(dòng)
以上第1、2點(diǎn)在上面 Marquee 分析中已經(jīng)有解決方案，接下來根據(jù)原生實(shí)現(xiàn)原理實(shí)現(xiàn)第3點(diǎn)上下跑動(dòng)
MarqueeTextView
這里給出實(shí)現(xiàn)方案，列出主要實(shí)現(xiàn)邏輯，繼承 AppCompatTextView，復(fù)寫 onDraw() 方法，上下跑動(dòng)主要是計(jì)算上下跑動(dòng)的距離，然后再次重繪 TextView 上下移動(dòng)畫布繪制文本
/**
* 繼承AppCompatTextView，復(fù)寫onDraw方法
*/
public class MarqueeTextView extends AppCompatTextView {
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private static final int DEFAULT_BG_COLOR = Color.parseColor("#FFEFEFEF");
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@IntDef({HORIZONTAL, VERTICAL})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
public @interface OrientationMode {
}
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public static final int HORIZONTAL = 0;
public static final int VERTICAL = 1;
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private Marquee mMarquee;
private boolean mRestartMarquee;
private boolean isMarquee;
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private int mOrientation;
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public MarqueeTextView(@NonNull Context context) {
this(context, null);
}
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public MarqueeTextView(@NonNull Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
this(context, attrs, 0);
}
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public MarqueeTextView(@NonNull Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
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TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.MarqueeTextView, defStyleAttr, 0);
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mOrientation = ta.getInt(R.styleable.MarqueeTextView_orientation, HORIZONTAL);
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ta.recycle();
}
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@Override
protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {
super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);
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if (mOrientation == HORIZONTAL) {
if (getWidth() > 0) {
mRestartMarquee = true;
}
} else {
if (getHeight() > 0) {
mRestartMarquee = true;
}
}
}
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private void restartMarqueeIfNeeded() {
if (mRestartMarquee) {
mRestartMarquee = false;
startMarquee();
}
}
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public void setMarquee(boolean marquee) {
boolean wasStart = isMarquee();
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isMarquee = marquee;
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if (wasStart != marquee) {
if (marquee) {
startMarquee();
} else {
stopMarquee();
}
}
}
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public void setOrientation(@OrientationMode int orientation) {
mOrientation = orientation;
}
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public int getOrientation() {
return mOrientation;
}
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public boolean isMarquee() {
return isMarquee;
}
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private void stopMarquee() {
if (mOrientation == HORIZONTAL) {
setHorizontalFadingEdgeEnabled(false);
} else {
setVerticalFadingEdgeEnabled(false);
}
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requestLayout();
invalidate();
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if (mMarquee != null && !mMarquee.isStopped()) {
mMarquee.stop();
}
}
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private void startMarquee() {
if (canMarquee()) {
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if (mOrientation == HORIZONTAL) {
setHorizontalFadingEdgeEnabled(true);
} else {
setVerticalFadingEdgeEnabled(true);
}
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if (mMarquee == null) mMarquee = new Marquee(this);
mMarquee.start(-1);
}
}
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private boolean canMarquee() {
if (mOrientation == HORIZONTAL) {
int viewWidth = getWidth() - getCompoundPaddingLeft() -
getCompoundPaddingRight();
float lineWidth = getLayout().getLineWidth(0);
return (mMarquee == null || mMarquee.isStopped())
&& (isFocused() || isSelected() || isMarquee())
&& viewWidth > 0
&& lineWidth > viewWidth;
} else {
int viewHeight = getHeight() - getCompoundPaddingTop() -
getCompoundPaddingBottom();
float textHeight = getLayout().getHeight();
return (mMarquee == null || mMarquee.isStopped())
&& (isFocused() || isSelected() || isMarquee())
&& viewHeight > 0
&& textHeight > viewHeight;
}
}
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/**
* 仿照TextView#onDraw()方法
*/
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
restartMarqueeIfNeeded();
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super.onDraw(canvas);
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// 再次繪制背景色，覆蓋下面由TextView繪制的文本，視情況可以不調(diào)用`super.onDraw(canvas);`
// 如果沒有背景色則使用默認(rèn)顏色
Drawable background = getBackground();
if (background != null) {
background.draw(canvas);
} else {
canvas.drawColor(DEFAULT_BG_COLOR);
}
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canvas.save();
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canvas.translate(0, 0);
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// 實(shí)現(xiàn)左右跑馬燈
if (mOrientation == HORIZONTAL) {
if (mMarquee != null && mMarquee.isRunning()) {
final float dx = -mMarquee.getScroll();
canvas.translate(dx, 0.0F);
}
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getLayout().draw(canvas, null, null, 0);
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if (mMarquee != null && mMarquee.shouldDrawGhost()) {
final float dx = mMarquee.getGhostOffset();
canvas.translate(dx, 0.0F);
getLayout().draw(canvas, null, null, 0);
}
} else {
// 實(shí)現(xiàn)上下跑馬燈
if (mMarquee != null && mMarquee.isRunning()) {
final float dy = -mMarquee.getScroll();
canvas.translate(0.0F, dy);
}
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getLayout().draw(canvas, null, null, 0);
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if (mMarquee != null && mMarquee.shouldDrawGhost()) {
final float dy = mMarquee.getGhostOffset();
canvas.translate(0.0F, dy);
getLayout().draw(canvas, null, null, 0);
}
}
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canvas.restore();
}
}Marquee
private static final class Marquee {
// 修改此字段設(shè)置重跑時(shí)間間隔 - 對(duì)應(yīng)不足點(diǎn)2
private static final int MARQUEE_DELAY = 1200;
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// 修改此字段設(shè)置跑動(dòng)速度 - 對(duì)應(yīng)不足點(diǎn)1
private static final int MARQUEE_DP_PER_SECOND = 30;
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private static final byte MARQUEE_STOPPED = 0x0;
private static final byte MARQUEE_STARTING = 0x1;
private static final byte MARQUEE_RUNNING = 0x2;
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private static final String METHOD_GET_FRAME_TIME = "getFrameTime";
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private final WeakReference<MarqueeTextView> mView;
private final Choreographer mChoreographer;
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private byte mStatus = MARQUEE_STOPPED;
private final float mPixelsPerSecond;
private float mMaxScroll;
private float mMaxFadeScroll;
private float mGhostStart;
private float mGhostOffset;
private float mFadeStop;
private int mRepeatLimit;
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private float mScroll;
private long mLastAnimationMs;
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Marquee(MarqueeTextView v) {
final float density = v.getContext().getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
mPixelsPerSecond = MARQUEE_DP_PER_SECOND * density;
mView = new WeakReference<>(v);
mChoreographer = Choreographer.getInstance();
}
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private final Choreographer.FrameCallback mTickCallback = frameTimeNanos -> tick();
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private final Choreographer.FrameCallback mStartCallback = new Choreographer.FrameCallback() {
@Override
public void doFrame(long frameTimeNanos) {
mStatus = MARQUEE_RUNNING;
mLastAnimationMs = getFrameTime();
tick();
}
};
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/**
* `getFrameTime`是隱藏api，此處使用反射調(diào)用，高系統(tǒng)版本可能失效，可使用某些方案繞過此限制
*/
@SuppressLint("PrivateApi")
private long getFrameTime() {
try {
Class<? extends Choreographer> clz = mChoreographer.getClass();
Method getFrameTime = clz.getDeclaredMethod(METHOD_GET_FRAME_TIME);
getFrameTime.setAccessible(true);
return (long) getFrameTime.invoke(mChoreographer);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return 0;
}
}
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private final Choreographer.FrameCallback mRestartCallback = new Choreographer.FrameCallback() {
@Override
public void doFrame(long frameTimeNanos) {
if (mStatus == MARQUEE_RUNNING) {
if (mRepeatLimit >= 0) {
mRepeatLimit--;
}
start(mRepeatLimit);
}
}
};
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void tick() {
if (mStatus != MARQUEE_RUNNING) {
return;
}
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mChoreographer.removeFrameCallback(mTickCallback);
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final MarqueeTextView textView = mView.get();
if (textView != null && (textView.isFocused() || textView.isSelected() || textView.isMarquee())) {
long currentMs = getFrameTime();
long deltaMs = currentMs - mLastAnimationMs;
mLastAnimationMs = currentMs;
float deltaPx = deltaMs / 1000F * mPixelsPerSecond;
mScroll += deltaPx;
if (mScroll > mMaxScroll) {
mScroll = mMaxScroll;
mChoreographer.postFrameCallbackDelayed(mRestartCallback, MARQUEE_DELAY);
} else {
mChoreographer.postFrameCallback(mTickCallback);
}
textView.invalidate();
}
}
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void stop() {
mStatus = MARQUEE_STOPPED;
mChoreographer.removeFrameCallback(mStartCallback);
mChoreographer.removeFrameCallback(mRestartCallback);
mChoreographer.removeFrameCallback(mTickCallback);
resetScroll();
}
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private void resetScroll() {
mScroll = 0.0F;
final MarqueeTextView textView = mView.get();
if (textView != null) textView.invalidate();
}
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void start(int repeatLimit) {
if (repeatLimit == 0) {
stop();
return;
}
mRepeatLimit = repeatLimit;
final MarqueeTextView textView = mView.get();
if (textView != null && textView.getLayout() != null) {
mStatus = MARQUEE_STARTING;
mScroll = 0.0F;
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// 分別計(jì)算左右和上下跑動(dòng)所需的數(shù)據(jù)
if (textView.getOrientation() == HORIZONTAL) {
int viewWidth = textView.getWidth() - textView.getCompoundPaddingLeft() -
textView.getCompoundPaddingRight();
float lineWidth = textView.getLayout().getLineWidth(0);
float gap = viewWidth / 3.0F;
mGhostStart = lineWidth - viewWidth + gap;
mMaxScroll = mGhostStart + viewWidth;
mGhostOffset = lineWidth + gap;
mFadeStop = lineWidth + viewWidth / 6.0F;
mMaxFadeScroll = mGhostStart + lineWidth + lineWidth;
} else {
int viewHeight = textView.getHeight() - textView.getCompoundPaddingTop() -
textView.getCompoundPaddingBottom();
float textHeight = textView.getLayout().getHeight();
float gap = viewHeight / 3.0F;
mGhostStart = textHeight - viewHeight + gap;
mMaxScroll = mGhostStart + viewHeight;
mGhostOffset = textHeight + gap;
mFadeStop = textHeight + viewHeight / 6.0F;
mMaxFadeScroll = mGhostStart + textHeight + textHeight;
}
?
textView.invalidate();
mChoreographer.postFrameCallback(mStartCallback);
}
}
?
float getGhostOffset() {
return mGhostOffset;
}
?
float getScroll() {
return mScroll;
}
?
float getMaxFadeScroll() {
return mMaxFadeScroll;
}
?
boolean shouldDrawLeftFade() {
return mScroll <= mFadeStop;
}
?
boolean shouldDrawTopFade() {
return mScroll <= mFadeStop;
}
?
boolean shouldDrawGhost() {
return mStatus == MARQUEE_RUNNING && mScroll > mGhostStart;
}
?
boolean isRunning() {
return mStatus == MARQUEE_RUNNING;
}
?
boolean isStopped() {
return mStatus == MARQUEE_STOPPED;
}
}效果
總結(jié)
到此這篇關(guān)于Android TextView跑馬燈實(shí)現(xiàn)的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Android TextView跑馬燈內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！
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