asp.net使用WebAPI和EF框架結(jié)合實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的基本操作

更新時(shí)間：2022年04月28日 10:22:18 作者：農(nóng)碼一生

這篇文章介紹了asp.net使用WebAPI和EF框架結(jié)合實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)基本操作的案例，文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)。對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或工作具有一定的參考借鑒價(jià)值，需要的朋友可以參考下

一、資料準(zhǔn)備

數(shù)據(jù)庫腳本：

create table Dept --部門信息
(
	DeptId int primary key identity(1,1),
	DeptName varchar(50) not null
)

create table Employee	--員工信息
(
	EmpId int primary key identity(1,1),
	DeptId int not null,
	EmpName varchar(50) not null,
	EmpPhone varchar(50) not null,
	EmpArea varchar(50) not null,
	EmpSalary decimal(18,2) not null
)

insert into Dept(DeptName) values('開發(fā)部')
insert into Dept(DeptName) values('測(cè)試部')
insert into Dept(DeptName) values('實(shí)施部')

insert into Employee(DeptId,EmpName,EmpPhone,EmpArea,EmpSalary)
values(1,'劉德華','13887855552','武漢',6500)
insert into Employee(DeptId,EmpName,EmpPhone,EmpArea,EmpSalary)
values(2,'張學(xué)友','13556528634','深圳',6500)
insert into Employee(DeptId,EmpName,EmpPhone,EmpArea,EmpSalary)
values(3,'劉亦菲','13448494546','廣州',6500)
insert into Employee(DeptId,EmpName,EmpPhone,EmpArea,EmpSalary)
values(1,'周杰倫','13888666855','北京',6500)
insert into Employee(DeptId,EmpName,EmpPhone,EmpArea,EmpSalary)
values(2,'許巍','13868654219','上海',6500)
insert into Employee(DeptId,EmpName,EmpPhone,EmpArea,EmpSalary)
values(3,'孫燕姿','13895133572','成都',6500)
insert into Employee(DeptId,EmpName,EmpPhone,EmpArea,EmpSalary)
values(1,'樸樹','13458788896','武漢',6500)
insert into Employee(DeptId,EmpName,EmpPhone,EmpArea,EmpSalary)
values(2,'周潤(rùn)發(fā)','13554588745','南京',6500)
insert into Employee(DeptId,EmpName,EmpPhone,EmpArea,EmpSalary)
values(3,'李連杰','13998759654','上海',6500)

select * from Dept;
select * from Employee;

二、數(shù)據(jù)列表

API接口：

[HttpGet]
public IHttpActionResult Get()
{
    var data = from emp in db.Employee
                join dept in db.Dept on emp.DeptId equals dept.DeptId
                select new
                {
                    EmpId = emp.EmpId,
                    DeptId = emp.DeptId,
                    EmpName = emp.EmpName,
                    EmpPhone = emp.EmpPhone,
                    EmpArea = emp.EmpArea,
                    EmpSalary = emp.EmpSalary,
                    DeptName = dept.DeptName
                };
    return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "", data = data });
}

接口測(cè)試地址：

http://localhost:1894/api/Employee

三、組合條件搜索

接受搜索條件的實(shí)體：

public class SearchDto
{
	public int DeptId { get; set; } //部門編號(hào)
	public string EmpName { get; set; } //部門名稱
}

API接口：

[HttpGet]
[Route("api/Employee/Search")]
public IHttpActionResult Get([FromUri] SearchDto searchDto)
{
    var data = from emp in db.Employee
                join dept in db.Dept on emp.DeptId equals dept.DeptId
                select new
                {
                    EmpId = emp.EmpId,
                    DeptId = emp.DeptId,
                    EmpName = emp.EmpName,
                    EmpPhone = emp.EmpPhone,
                    EmpArea = emp.EmpArea,
                    EmpSalary = emp.EmpSalary,
                    DeptName = dept.DeptName
                };
    if (searchDto.DeptId > 0)
        data = data.Where(p => p.DeptId == searchDto.DeptId);
    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(searchDto.EmpName))
        data = data.Where(p => p.EmpName.Contains(searchDto.EmpName));
    return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "", data = data });
}

接口測(cè)試：

四、組合條件搜索加分頁

接受搜索條件的實(shí)體：

public class SearchDto
{
	public int DeptId { get; set; } //部門編號(hào)
	public string EmpName { get; set; } //部門名稱
}

API接口：

[HttpGet]
[Route("api/Employee/SearchPage")]
public IHttpActionResult Get(int page,int pagesize,[FromUri] SearchDto searchDto)
{

    var query = from emp in db.Employee
                join dept in db.Dept on emp.DeptId equals dept.DeptId
                select new
                {
                    EmpId = emp.EmpId,
                    DeptId = emp.DeptId,
                    EmpName = emp.EmpName,
                    EmpPhone = emp.EmpPhone,
                    EmpArea = emp.EmpArea,
                    EmpSalary = emp.EmpSalary,
                    DeptName = dept.DeptName
                };
    if (searchDto.DeptId > 0)
        query = query.Where(p => p.DeptId == searchDto.DeptId);
    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(searchDto.EmpName))
        query = query.Where(p => p.EmpName.Contains(searchDto.EmpName));
    var data = query.OrderByDescending(p => p.EmpId).ToPagedList(page, pagesize);
    return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "",total=data.TotalItemCount, data = data });
}

接口測(cè)試：

五、數(shù)據(jù)的新增

API接口方案一：（直接使用EF中實(shí)體接受新增的數(shù)據(jù)）

[HttpPost]
//此處為降低前端和EF框架實(shí)體的耦合性，也可以重新定義Dto類，然后將Dto數(shù)據(jù)通過映射,賦值到EF中Employee對(duì)象中
public IHttpActionResult Add(Employee emp) 
{
    db.Employee.Add(emp);
    int r = db.SaveChanges();
    if (r == 1)
        return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "添加成功" });
    else
        return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "添加失敗" });
}

API接口方案二：（使用Dto接受數(shù)據(jù)，直接通過屬性賦值實(shí)現(xiàn)Dto對(duì)象向EF實(shí)體的轉(zhuǎn)換）

public class EmpAddDto
{
    public int EmpId { get; set; }
    public int DeptId { get; set; }
    public string EmpName { get; set; }
    public string EmpPhone { get; set; }
    public string EmpArea { get; set; }
    public decimal EmpSalary { get; set; }
}

[HttpPost]
public IHttpActionResult Add(EmpAddDto dto)
{
    //屬性依次賦值實(shí)現(xiàn)Dto對(duì)象向EF實(shí)體對(duì)象的轉(zhuǎn)換
    Employee emp = new Employee();
    emp.DeptId = dto.DeptId;
    emp.EmpName = dto.EmpName;
    emp.EmpPhone = dto.EmpPhone;
    emp.EmpArea = dto.EmpArea;
    emp.EmpSalary = dto.EmpSalary;
    db.Employee.Add(emp);
    int r = db.SaveChanges();
    if (r == 1)
        return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "添加成功" });
    else
        return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "添加失敗" });
}

API接口方案三：（通過AutoMapper組件進(jìn)行映射）

AutoMapper組件可以在NuGet中進(jìn)行安裝，經(jīng)過測(cè)試在framework4.5中無法使用，在framework4.7.1中可以正常使用。

如果沒有安裝framework4.7.1,可以在官網(wǎng)下載 .NET Framework 4.7.1 Developer Pack。

如果通過項(xiàng)目的屬性面板中修改了目標(biāo)框架為framework4.7.1，程序可能會(huì)編譯錯(cuò)誤，需要修改配置文件：

compilerOptions="/langversion:6 /nowarn:1659;1699;1701"

修改成：

compilerOptions="/langversion:Default /nowarn:1659;1699;1701"

API接口代碼：（兩種類型屬性名稱完全相同的時(shí)候）

public class EmpAddDto
{
    public int EmpId { get; set; }
    public int DeptId { get; set; }
    public string EmpName { get; set; }
    public string EmpPhone { get; set; }
    public string EmpArea { get; set; }
    public decimal EmpSalary { get; set; }
}
[HttpPost]
public IHttpActionResult Add(EmpAddDto dto)
{
    //兩種類型屬性名稱相同自動(dòng)映射
    var config = new MapperConfiguration(cfg => cfg.CreateMap<EmpAddDto, Employee>());
    var mapper = config.CreateMapper();
    Employee emp = mapper.Map<Employee>(dto);
    db.Employee.Add(emp);
    int r = db.SaveChanges();
    if (r == 1)
        return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "添加成功" });
    else
        return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "添加失敗" });
}

API接口代碼：（兩種類型屬性名稱不一致的時(shí)候）

public class EmpAddDto
{
    public int EmpId { get; set; }
    public int DeptId { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Phone { get; set; }
    public string EmpArea { get; set; }
    public decimal EmpSalary { get; set; }
}
[HttpPost]
public IHttpActionResult Add(EmpAddDto dto)
{
    //兩種類型名屬性相同自動(dòng)映射
    var config = new MapperConfiguration(cfg =>
    {
        cfg.CreateMap<EmpAddDto, Employee>()
        .ForMember("EmpName", opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Name))
        .ForMember(dest => dest.EmpPhone, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Phone));
        //.ForMember(dest => dest.EmpId, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.EmpId))
        //.ForMember(dest => dest.DeptId, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.DeptId))
        //.ForMember(dest => dest.EmpName, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Name))
        //.ForMember(dest => dest.EmpPhone, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Phone))
        //.ForMember(dest => dest.EmpArea, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.EmpArea))
        //.ForMember(dest => dest.EmpSalary, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.EmpSalary));
    });
    var mapper = config.CreateMapper();
    Employee emp = mapper.Map<Employee>(dto);
    db.Employee.Add(emp);
    int r = db.SaveChanges();
    if (r == 1)
        return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "添加成功" });
    else
        return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "添加失敗" });
}

接口測(cè)試：（使用EmpAddDto接受數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)候注意參數(shù)名稱需要和EmpAddDto的屬性名相同）