pip install pydantic

import pydantic
print('compiled:', pydantic.compiled)

pip install pydantic[dotenv]

from pydantic import BaseModel
class User(BaseModel):
    id: int
    name = 'Jane Doe'

user = User(id='123')

from typing import List
from pydantic import BaseModel

class Foo(BaseModel):
    count: int
    size: float = None

class Bar(BaseModel):
    apple = 'x'
    banana = 'y'

class Spam(BaseModel):
    foo: Foo
    bars: List[Bar]

from typing import Generic, TypeVar, Optional, List

from pydantic import BaseModel, validator, ValidationError
from pydantic.generics import GenericModel

DataT = TypeVar('DataT')

class Error(BaseModel):
    code: int
    message: str

class DataModel(BaseModel):
    numbers: List[int]
    people: List[str]

class Response(GenericModel, Generic[DataT]):
    data: Optional[DataT]
    error: Optional[Error]

    @validator('error', always=True)
    def check_consistency(cls, v, values):
        if v is not None and values['data'] is not None:
            raise ValueError('must not provide both data and error')
        if v is None and values.get('data') is None:
            raise ValueError('must provide data or error')
        return v

data = DataModel(numbers=[1, 2, 3], people=[])
error = Error(code=404, message='Not found')

print(Response[int](data=1))
#> data=1 error=None
print(Response[str](data='value'))
#> data='value' error=None
print(Response[str](data='value').dict())
#> {'data': 'value', 'error': None}
print(Response[DataModel](data=data).dict())
"""
{
    'data': {'numbers': [1, 2, 3], 'people': []},
    'error': None,
}
"""
print(Response[DataModel](error=error).dict())
"""
{
    'data': None,
    'error': {'code': 404, 'message': 'Not found'},
}
"""
try:
    Response[int](data='value')
except ValidationError as e:
    print(e)
    """
    2 validation errors for Response[int]
    data
      value is not a valid integer (type=type_error.integer)
    error
      must provide data or error (type=value_error)
    """

from pydantic import BaseModel, create_model
DynamicFoobarModel = create_model('DynamicFoobarModel', foo=(str, ...), bar=123)

from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError, validator

class UserModel(BaseModel):
    name: str
    username: str
    password1: str
    password2: str

    @validator('name')
    def name_must_contain_space(cls, v):
        if ' ' not in v:
            raise ValueError('must contain a space')
        return v.title()

    @validator('password2')
    def passwords_match(cls, v, values, **kwargs):
        if 'password1' in values and v != values['password1']:
            raise ValueError('passwords do not match')
        return v

    @validator('username')
    def username_alphanumeric(cls, v):
        assert v.isalnum(), 'must be alphanumeric'
        return v

user = UserModel(
    name='samuel colvin',
    username='scolvin',
    password1='zxcvbn',
    password2='zxcvbn',
)
print(user)
#> name='Samuel Colvin' username='scolvin' password1='zxcvbn' password2='zxcvbn'

try:
    UserModel(
        name='samuel',
        username='scolvin',
        password1='zxcvbn',
        password2='zxcvbn2',
    )
except ValidationError as e:
    print(e)
    """
    2 validation errors for UserModel
    name
      must contain a space (type=value_error)
    password2
      passwords do not match (type=value_error)
    """

from typing import List
from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError, validator

class ParentModel(BaseModel):
    names: List[str]

class ChildModel(ParentModel):
    @validator('names', each_item=True)
    def check_names_not_empty(cls, v):
        assert v != '', 'Empty strings are not allowed.'
        return v

# This will NOT raise a ValidationError because the validator was not called
try:
    child = ChildModel(names=['Alice', 'Bob', 'Eve', ''])
except ValidationError as e:
    print(e)
else:
    print('No ValidationError caught.')
    #> No ValidationError caught.


class ChildModel2(ParentModel):
    @validator('names')
    def check_names_not_empty(cls, v):
        for name in v:
            assert name != '', 'Empty strings are not allowed.'
        return v

try:
    child = ChildModel2(names=['Alice', 'Bob', 'Eve', ''])
except ValidationError as e:
    print(e)
    """
    1 validation error for ChildModel2
    names
      Empty strings are not allowed. (type=assertion_error)
    """

from pydantic import BaseModel, validator

def normalize(name: str) -> str:
    return ' '.join((word.capitalize()) for word in name.split(' '))

class Producer(BaseModel):
    name: str

    # validators
    _normalize_name = validator('name', allow_reuse=True)(normalize)

class Consumer(BaseModel):
    name: str
    # validators
    _normalize_name = validator('name', allow_reuse=True)(normalize)

from typing import Set

from pydantic import (
    BaseModel,
    BaseSettings,
    PyObject,
    RedisDsn,
    PostgresDsn,
    Field,
)

class SubModel(BaseModel):
    foo = 'bar'
    apple = 1

class Settings(BaseSettings):
    auth_key: str
    api_key: str = Field(..., env='my_api_key')

    redis_dsn: RedisDsn = 'redis://user:pass@localhost:6379/1'
    pg_dsn: PostgresDsn = 'postgres://user:pass@localhost:5432/foobar'

    special_function: PyObject = 'math.cos'

    # to override domains:
    # export my_prefix_domains='["foo.com", "bar.com"]'
    domains: Set[str] = set()

    # to override more_settings:
    # export my_prefix_more_settings='{"foo": "x", "apple": 1}'
    more_settings: SubModel = SubModel()

    class Config:
        env_prefix = 'my_prefix_'  # defaults to no prefix, i.e. ""
        fields = {
            'auth_key': {
                'env': 'my_auth_key',
            },
            'redis_dsn': {
                'env': ['service_redis_dsn', 'redis_url']
            }
        }

print(Settings().dict())
"""
{
    'auth_key': 'xxx',
    'api_key': 'xxx',
    'redis_dsn': RedisDsn('redis://user:pass@localhost:6379/1',
scheme='redis', user='user', password='pass', host='localhost',
host_type='int_domain', port='6379', path='/1'),
    'pg_dsn': PostgresDsn('postgres://user:pass@localhost:5432/foobar',
scheme='postgres', user='user', password='pass', host='localhost',
host_type='int_domain', port='5432', path='/foobar'),
    'special_function': <built-in function cos>,
    'domains': set(),
    'more_settings': {'foo': 'bar', 'apple': 1},
}
"""

class Settings(BaseSettings):
    ...

    class Config:
        env_file = '.env'
        env_file_encoding = 'utf-8'

settings=Settings(_env_file='prod.env',_env_file_encoding='utf-8')

class Settings(BaseSettings):
    ...
    database_password: str
    class Config:
        secrets_dir = '/var/run'

settings = Settings(_secrets_dir='/var/run')

from datetime import datetime
from typing import List, Optional
from pydantic import BaseModel, NoneStr

class Model(BaseModel):
    age: int
    first_name = 'John'
    last_name: NoneStr = None
    signup_ts: Optional[datetime] = None
    list_of_ints: List[int]

m = Model(age=42, list_of_ints=[1, '2', b'3'])
print(m.middle_name)  # not a model field!
Model()  # will raise a validation error for age and list_of_ints

13: error: "Model" has no attribute "middle_name"

13: error: "Model" has no attribute "middle_name"
16: error: Missing named argument "age" for "Model"
16: error: Missing named argument "list_of_ints" for "Model"

[mypy]
plugins = pydantic.mypy

[mypy]
plugins = pydantic.mypy

follow_imports = silent
warn_redundant_casts = True
warn_unused_ignores = True
disallow_any_generics = True
check_untyped_defs = True
no_implicit_reexport = True

# for strict mypy: (this is the tricky one :-))
disallow_untyped_defs = True

[pydantic-mypy]
init_forbid_extra = True
init_typed = True
warn_required_dynamic_aliases = True
warn_untyped_fields = True