密碼系統(tǒng)AES私鑰RSA公鑰的加解密示例

更新時(shí)間：2022年03月07日 16:54:26 作者：kl

這篇文章主要為大家詮釋并介紹了AES私鑰RSA公鑰的加解密系統(tǒng)示例，有需要的朋友可以借鑒參考下，希望能夠有所幫助，祝大家多多進(jìn)步

前言

密鑰是成對(duì)存在的，加密和解密是采用不同的密鑰（公開密鑰），也就是非對(duì)稱密鑰密碼系統(tǒng)，每個(gè)通信方均需要兩個(gè)密鑰，即公鑰和私鑰，使用公鑰進(jìn)行加密操作，使用私鑰進(jìn)行解密操作。公鑰是公開的，不需要保密，而私鑰是由個(gè)人自己持有，并且必須妥善保管和注意保密。密碼學(xué)里面博大精深，下面的實(shí)例僅供參考

百科的詮釋

公鑰（Public Key）與私鑰（Private Key）是通過一種算法得到的一個(gè)密鑰對(duì)（即一個(gè)公鑰和一個(gè)私鑰），公鑰是密鑰對(duì)中公開的部分，私鑰則是非公開的部分。公鑰通常用于加密會(huì)話密鑰、驗(yàn)證數(shù)字簽名，或加密可以用相應(yīng)的私鑰解密的數(shù)據(jù)。通過這種算法得到的密鑰對(duì)能保證在世界范圍內(nèi)是唯一的。使用這個(gè)密鑰對(duì)的時(shí)候，如果用其中一個(gè)密鑰加密一段數(shù)據(jù)，必須用另一個(gè)密鑰解密。比如用公鑰加密數(shù)據(jù)就必須用私鑰解密，如果用私鑰加密也必須用公鑰解密，否則解密將不會(huì)成功。

java使用公私鑰加解密的實(shí)例

僅供參考

/**
     * 數(shù)據(jù)加密 plainTextData要加密的字符串
     * @param plainTextData
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static Map encrypt(String plainTextData)
            throws Exception {
        HashMap result = new HashMap();
        // keySpec 生成對(duì)稱密鑰
        KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
        keyGenerator.init(128);
        SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
        SecretKeySpec keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(secretKey.getEncoded(), "AES");
        // RSA 用對(duì)方公鑰對(duì)‘對(duì)稱密鑰'進(jìn)行加密
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        String keyFilePathName = pertery.getProperty("bsbank_Key_path")+"PublicKey.keystore";
        cipher.init(Cipher.WRAP_MODE,
                loadPublicKeyByStr(loadKeyByFile(keyFilePathName)));
        byte[] wrappedKey = cipher.wrap(keySpec);
        result.put("wrappedKey", Base64.encodeBase64String(wrappedKey));
        // 加密數(shù)據(jù)
        cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keySpec);
        byte[] encryptedData = cipher.doFinal(plainTextData.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        result.put("encryptedData", Base64.encodeBase64String(encryptedData));
        return result;
    }
    /**
     * 數(shù)據(jù)解密 encryptedData
     * @param encryptedData
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static Map decrypt(Map encryptedData)
            throws Exception {
        // 獲取密鑰
        byte[] wrappedKey = Base64.decodeBase64(encryptedData.get("wrappedKey")
                .toString());
        HashMap result = new HashMap();
        // RSA解密密鑰
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        String keyFilePathName = pertery.getProperty("bsbank_Key_path")+"privateKey.keystore";//使用對(duì)方的私鑰解密
        cipher.init(Cipher.UNWRAP_MODE,
                loadPrivateKeyByStr(loadKeyByFile(keyFilePathName)));
        Key key = cipher.unwrap(wrappedKey, "AES", Cipher.SECRET_KEY);
        // 解密數(shù)據(jù)
        cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
        byte[] decryptedData = cipher.doFinal(Base64.decodeBase64(encryptedData
                .get("encryptedData").toString()));
        result.put("decryptedData", new String(decryptedData, "UTF-8"));
        result.put("wrappedKey", Base64.encodeBase64String(wrappedKey));
        return result;
    }
    private static String loadKeyByFile(String filePathName) throws Exception {
        BufferedReader br = null;
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        try {
            br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filePathName));
            String readLine = null;
            while ((readLine = br.readLine()) != null) {
                sb.append(readLine);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw e;
        } finally {
            if (null != br) {
                br.close();
            }
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }
    private static RSAPublicKey loadPublicKeyByStr(String publicKeyStr)
            throws Exception {
        RSAPublicKey publicKey = null;
        try {
            byte[] buffer = Base64.decodeBase64(publicKeyStr);
            KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
            X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(buffer);
            publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("failed to load pubKey", e);
            throw e;
        }
        return publicKey;
    }
    private static RSAPrivateKey loadPrivateKeyByStr(String privateKeyStr)
            throws Exception {
        RSAPrivateKey privateKey = null;
        try {
            byte[] buffer = Base64.decodeBase64(privateKeyStr);
            KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
            PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(buffer);
            privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyFactory.generatePrivate(keySpec);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("failed to loadPrivateKeyByStr", e);
            throw e;
        }
        return privateKey;
    }
    /**
     * 輸出公私鑰對(duì)
     * @param filePath
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static void genKeyPair(String filePath) throws Exception {
        KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = null;
        try {
            keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            logger.error("failed to do key gen", e);
            throw e;
        }
        keyPairGen.initialize(1024, new SecureRandom());
        KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();
        RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
        RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
        try {
            String publicKeyString = Base64.encodeBase64String(publicKey
                    .getEncoded());
            String privateKeyString = Base64.encodeBase64String(privateKey
                    .getEncoded());
            FileWriter pubfw = new FileWriter(filePath + "/PublicKey.keystore");
            FileWriter prifw = new FileWriter(filePath + "/PrivateKey.keystore");
            BufferedWriter pubbw = new BufferedWriter(pubfw);
            BufferedWriter pribw = new BufferedWriter(prifw);
            pubbw.write(publicKeyString);
            pribw.write(privateKeyString);
            pubbw.flush();
            pubbw.close();
            pubfw.close();
            pribw.flush();
            pribw.close();
            prifw.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.error("failed to genKeypair", e);
        }
    }

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