利用Sharding-Jdbc進(jìn)行分庫分表的操作代碼

更新時(shí)間：2022年01月22日 11:23:41 作者：有過的理想依然堅(jiān)信

sharding-jdbc是一個(gè)分布式的關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫中間件，今天通過本文給大家介紹利用Sharding-Jdbc進(jìn)行分庫分表的操作代碼，代碼簡單易懂對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或工作具有一定的參考借鑒價(jià)值，需要的朋友參考下吧

1. Sharding-Jdbc介紹

https://shardingsphere.apache.org/

sharding-jdbc是一個(gè)分布式的關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫中間件
客戶端代理模式，不需要搭建服務(wù)器，只需要后端數(shù)據(jù)庫即可，有個(gè)IDE就行了
定位于輕量級(jí)的Java框架，以jar的方式提供服務(wù)
可以理解為增強(qiáng)版的jdbc驅(qū)動(dòng)
完全兼容主流的ORM框架

sharding-jdbc提供了4種配置

Java API
yaml
properties
spring命名空間

與MyCat的區(qū)別

MyCat是服務(wù)端的代理，Sharding-Jdbc是客戶端代理
實(shí)際開發(fā)中如果企業(yè)有DBA建議使用MyCat，都是開發(fā)人員建議使用sharding-jdbc
MyCat不支持在一個(gè)庫內(nèi)進(jìn)行水平分表，而sharding-jdbc支持在同一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫中進(jìn)行水平分表

名詞解釋

邏輯表：物流的合并表
真實(shí)表：存放數(shù)據(jù)的地方
數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)：存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)的MySQL節(jié)點(diǎn)
綁定表：相當(dāng)于MyCat中的子表
廣播表：相當(dāng)于MyCat中的全局表

2. Sharding-Jdbc引入使用

# 0.首先在兩個(gè)MySQL上創(chuàng)建兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)：shard_order
# 1.分表給兩個(gè)庫創(chuàng)建兩個(gè)表order_info_1,order_info_2
CREATE TABLE `order_info_1` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `order_amount` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `order_status` int(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `user_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE TABLE `order_info_2` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `order_amount` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `order_status` int(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `user_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
# 2.切分規(guī)則，按照id的奇偶數(shù)切分到兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫，在自己的數(shù)據(jù)庫按照user_id進(jìn)行表切分

代碼導(dǎo)入POM依賴

 <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
            <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.0-RC2</version>
        </dependency>

配置properties

# 給兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)源命名
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=ds0,ds1
# 數(shù)據(jù)源鏈接ds0要和命名一致
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds0.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds0.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds0.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://39.103.163.215:3306/shard_order
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds0.username=gavin
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds0.password=123456
# 數(shù)據(jù)源鏈接ds1要和命名一致
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://39.101.221.95:3306/shard_order
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.username=gavin
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.password=123456
# 具體的分片規(guī)則,基于數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.actual-data-nodes=ds$->{0..1}.order_info_$->{1..2}
# 分庫的規(guī)則
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.database-strategy.inline.sharding-column=id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.database-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=ds$->{id % 2}
# 分表的規(guī)則
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=user_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=order_info_$->{user_id % 2 + 1}

//測(cè)試代碼
@SpringBootTest
class ShardingjdbcProjectApplicationTests {
    @Autowired
    JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    @Test
    void insertTest(){
        String sql = "insert into order_info(id,order_amount,order_status,user_id) values(3,213.88,1,2)";
        int i = jdbcTemplate.update(sql);
        System.out.println("影響行數(shù):"+i);
    }
}

作業(yè)：自己練習(xí)一下sharding-jdbc的分庫分表

3. 配置廣播表

先在兩個(gè)庫上創(chuàng)建廣播表province_info

CREATE TABLE `province_info` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

在properties里增加配置

spring.shardingsphere.sharding.broadcast-tables=province_info

測(cè)試插入和查詢的代碼

 @Test
    void insertBroadcast(){
        String sql = "insert into province_info(id,name) values(1,'beijing')";
        int i = jdbcTemplate.update(sql);
        System.out.println("******* 影響的結(jié)果："+i);
    }

    @Test
    void selectBroadcast(){
        String sql = "select * from province_info";
        List<Map<String,Object>> result = jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql);
        for (Map<String,Object> val: result) {
            System.out.println("=========== "+val.get("id")+" ----- "+val.get("name"));

        }
    }

4. 配置綁定表

首先按照order_info的建表順序創(chuàng)建order_item分別在兩個(gè)庫上建立order_item_1,order_item_2

?
 @Test
    void insertBroadcast(){
        String sql = "insert into province_info(id,name) values(1,'beijing')";
        int i = jdbcTemplate.update(sql);
        System.out.println("******* 影響的結(jié)果："+i);
    }

    @Test
    void selectBroadcast(){
        String sql = "select * from province_info";
        List<Map<String,Object>> result = jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql);
        for (Map<String,Object> val: result) {
            System.out.println("=========== "+val.get("id")+" ----- "+val.get("name"));

        }
    }

?

配置綁定表，將兩個(gè)表的分表邏輯和order_info保持一致

# 給兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)源命名
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=ds0,ds1
# 數(shù)據(jù)源鏈接ds0要和命名一致
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds0.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds0.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds0.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://39.103.163.215:3306/shard_order
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds0.username=gavin
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds0.password=123456
# 數(shù)據(jù)源鏈接ds1要和命名一致
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://39.101.221.95:3306/shard_order
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.username=gavin
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.password=123456

# 具體的分片規(guī)則,基于數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.actual-data-nodes=ds$->{0..1}.order_info_$->{1..2}
# 分庫的規(guī)則
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.database-strategy.inline.sharding-column=id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.database-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=ds$->{id % 2}
# 分表的規(guī)則
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=user_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=order_info_$->{user_id % 2 + 1}

# 具體的分片規(guī)則,基于數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_item.actual-data-nodes=ds$->{0..1}.order_item_$->{1..2}
# 分庫的規(guī)則
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_item.database-strategy.inline.sharding-column=order_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_item.database-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=ds$->{order_id % 2}
# 分表的規(guī)則
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_item.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=user_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_item.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=order_item_$->{user_id % 2 + 1}

# 綁定表關(guān)系
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.binding-tables=order_info,order_item

# 廣播表
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.broadcast-tables=province_info

5. 讀寫分離配置

首先配置properties的數(shù)據(jù)源，如果有主機(jī)配置就必須要有從機(jī)配置

# 指定主從的配置節(jié)點(diǎn)
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=master0,master0slave0,master1,master1slave0
# master0數(shù)據(jù)源鏈接配置
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master0.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master0.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master0.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://39.103.163.215:3306/shard_order
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master0.username=gavin
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master0.password=123456
# master0slave0數(shù)據(jù)源鏈接配置
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master0slave0.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master0slave0.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master0slave0.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://39.99.212.46:3306/shard_order
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master0slave0.username=gavin
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master0slave0.password=123456
# master1數(shù)據(jù)源鏈接配置
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master1.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master1.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://39.101.221.95:3306/shard_order
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master1.username=gavin
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master1.password=123456
# master1slave0數(shù)據(jù)源鏈接配置
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master1slave0.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master1slave0.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master1slave0.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/shard_order
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master1slave0.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master1slave0.password=gavin

# 具體的分片規(guī)則,基于數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.actual-data-nodes=ds$->{0..1}.order_info_$->{1..2}
# 分庫的規(guī)則
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.database-strategy.inline.sharding-column=id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.database-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=ds$->{id % 2}
# 分表的規(guī)則
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=user_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=order_info_$->{user_id % 2 + 1}

# 具體的分片規(guī)則,基于數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_item.actual-data-nodes=ds$->{0..1}.order_item_$->{1..2}
# 分庫的規(guī)則
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_item.database-strategy.inline.sharding-column=order_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_item.database-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=ds$->{order_id % 2}
# 分表的規(guī)則
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_item.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=user_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_item.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=order_item_$->{user_id % 2 + 1}

# 綁定表關(guān)系
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.binding-tables=order_info,order_item

# 廣播表
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.broadcast-tables=province_info

# 讀寫分離主從關(guān)系綁定
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.master-slave-rules.ds0.master-data-source-name=master0
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.master-slave-rules.ds0.slave-data-source-names=master0slave0
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.master-slave-rules.ds0.load-balance-algorithm-type=round_robin

spring.shardingsphere.sharding.master-slave-rules.ds1.master-data-source-name=master1
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.master-slave-rules.ds1.slave-data-source-names=master1slave0
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.master-slave-rules.ds1.load-balance-algorithm-type=random

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