springcloud項(xiàng)目快速開(kāi)始起始模板的實(shí)現(xiàn)

更新時(shí)間：2021年12月06日 09:25:24 作者：探索永不止息

本文主要介紹了springcloud項(xiàng)目快速開(kāi)始起始模板思路的實(shí)現(xiàn)，文中通過(guò)示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，具有一定的參考價(jià)值，感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考一下

1.創(chuàng)建實(shí)體類模塊
2.創(chuàng)建配置中心,搭建注冊(cè)中心集群
3.創(chuàng)建網(wǎng)關(guān)(修改版本號(hào))
4.搭建配置中心
5.構(gòu)思需要的微服務(wù)(每個(gè)微服務(wù)既可以是提供者也可以是消費(fèi)者)
6.依賴引入完畢,以上全部微服務(wù)創(chuàng)建出來(lái)后修改位置

1.創(chuàng)建實(shí)體類模塊

引入依賴(這里使用tkmybatis的依賴)

  <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.20</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

效果如下

2.創(chuàng)建配置中心,搭建注冊(cè)中心集群

選擇依賴(修改spring cloud版本號(hào))

修改application.yml搭建server集群此處要注意域名解析peer1,peer2,peer3

server:
  port: 9004
spring:
  application:
    name: euraka-server
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      #如果是集群,,后面用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:9004/eureka
      #自己本身就是服務(wù)注冊(cè)中心,聲明不注冊(cè)自己
    register-with-eureka: false
    #聲明自己不拉取自己的服務(wù)注冊(cè)列表
    fetch-registry: false
 
  instance:
    # ?跳間隔時(shí)間
    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 30
    # 沒(méi)收到?跳多?時(shí)間剔除
    lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 90
  server:
    enable-self-preservation: false # 關(guān)閉?我保護(hù)模式（缺省為打開(kāi)）
    eviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 1000 # 掃描失效服務(wù)的間隔時(shí)間（缺省為60*1000ms）
logging:
  level:
    com.netflix: warn
---
spring:
  config:
    activate:
      on-profile: peer1
server:
  port: 9003
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: peer1
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://peer2:9004/eureka,http://peer3:9005/eureka
---
spring:
  config:
    activate:
      on-profile: peer2
server:
  port: 9004
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: peer2
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://peer1:9003/eureka,http://peer3:9005/eureka
---
spring:
  config:
    activate:
      on-profile: peer3
server:
  port: 9005
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: peer3
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://peer1:9003/eureka,http://peer2:9004/eureka

啟動(dòng)器加@EnableEurekaServer注解

3.創(chuàng)建網(wǎng)關(guān)(修改版本號(hào))

?網(wǎng)關(guān)yml配置文件

 
server:
  port: 9006
spring:
  application:
    name: api-gateway
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: service
          uri: http://127.0.0.1:9001
          predicates:
            - Path=/pay/{segment}
          filters:
            - name: CircuitBreaker
              args:
                name: backendA
                fallbackUri: forward:/fallbackA
#全部允許跨域訪問(wèn)
      globalcors:
        cors-configurations:
          '[/**]':
            allowed-origin-patterns: "*" # spring boot2.4配置
            #            allowed-origins: "*"
            allowed-headers: "*"
            allow-credentials: true
            allowed-methods:
              - GET
              - POST
              - DELETE
              - PUT
              - OPTION
 
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:9004/eureka
#網(wǎng)關(guān)熔斷,快速降級(jí)
resilience4j:
  circuitbreaker:
    configs:
      default:
        failureRateThreshold: 30 #失敗請(qǐng)求百分比，超過(guò)這個(gè)比例，CircuitBreaker變?yōu)镺PEN狀態(tài)
        slidingWindowSize: 10 #滑動(dòng)窗口的大小，配置COUNT_BASED,表示10個(gè)請(qǐng)求，配置TIME_BASED表示10秒
        minimumNumberOfCalls: 5 #最小請(qǐng)求個(gè)數(shù)，只有在滑動(dòng)窗口內(nèi)，請(qǐng)求個(gè)數(shù)達(dá)到這個(gè)個(gè)數(shù)，才會(huì)觸發(fā)CircuitBreader對(duì)于斷路器的判斷
        slidingWindowType: TIME_BASED #滑動(dòng)窗口的類型
        permittedNumberOfCallsInHalfOpenState: 3 #當(dāng)CircuitBreaker處于HALF_OPEN狀態(tài)的時(shí)候，允許通過(guò)的請(qǐng)求個(gè)數(shù)
        automaticTransitionFromOpenToHalfOpenEnabled: true #設(shè)置true，表示自動(dòng)從OPEN變成HALF_OPEN，即使沒(méi)有請(qǐng)求過(guò)來(lái)
        waitDurationInOpenState: 2s #從OPEN到HALF_OPEN狀態(tài)需要等待的時(shí)間
        recordExceptions: #異常名單
          - java.lang.Exception
    instances:
      backendA:
        baseConfig: default
      backendB:
        failureRateThreshold: 50
        slowCallDurationThreshold: 2s #慢調(diào)用時(shí)間閾值，高于這個(gè)閾值的呼叫視為慢調(diào)用，并增加慢調(diào)用比例。
        slowCallRateThreshold: 30 #慢調(diào)用百分比閾值，斷路器把調(diào)用時(shí)間大于slowCallDurationThreshold，視為慢調(diào)用，當(dāng)慢調(diào)用比例大于閾值，斷路器打開(kāi)，并進(jìn)行服務(wù)降級(jí)
        slidingWindowSize: 10
        slidingWindowType: TIME_BASED
        minimumNumberOfCalls: 2
        permittedNumberOfCallsInHalfOpenState: 2
        waitDurationInOpenState: 120s #從OPEN到HALF_OPEN狀態(tài)需要等待的時(shí)間

創(chuàng)建網(wǎng)關(guān)熔斷對(duì)應(yīng)降級(jí)方法

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class FallbackController {
 
    @GetMapping("/fallbackA")
    public ResponseEntity fallbackA() {
        return ResponseEntity.ok("服務(wù)不可用，降級(jí)");
    }
}

啟動(dòng)器加@EnableDiscoveryClient 或@EnableEurekaClient注解

還可以在網(wǎng)關(guān)中設(shè)置全局或局部過(guò)濾器

4.搭建配置中心

添加依賴()另加下面依賴實(shí)現(xiàn)git倉(cāng)庫(kù)自動(dòng)刷新,需要配合rabbitmq使用,需要內(nèi)網(wǎng)穿透

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bus-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

?yml配置文件(可以更改本地作為配置中心)

server:
  port: 9007
spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 127.0.0.1
    port: 5672
    username: guest
    password: guest
  application:
    name: cloud-config
  cloud:
    config:
      server:
        git:
          uri: https://gitee.com/zhaoy999/springcloud_config.git
          search-paths: config
          default-label: master
#配置中心設(shè)在本地使用
#  profiles:
#    active: native
#  cloud:
#    config:
#      server:
#        native:
#          search-locations: classpath:/config
 
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:9004/eureka
#git倉(cāng)庫(kù)配置中心自動(dòng)刷新
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: bus-refresh
  endpoint:
    bus-refresh:
      enabled: true

在已經(jīng)指定好的倉(cāng)庫(kù)config目錄下創(chuàng)建配置文件

5.構(gòu)思需要的微服務(wù)(每個(gè)微服務(wù)既可以是提供者也可以是消費(fèi)者)

引入依賴(需要另外引入下面代碼塊的依賴)

!!!修改,先不要加sleuth依賴,會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)

這里使用的tkmybatis操作持久層

<!--使用rabbitmq鏈路追蹤,接收rabbitmq隊(duì)列消息,實(shí)現(xiàn)配置的自動(dòng)刷新-->
 <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
    </dependency>
<!--微服務(wù)限流-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.github.resilience4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>resilience4j-ratelimiter</artifactId>
        <version>1.7.0</version>
    </dependency>
<!-- 信號(hào)量隔離-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.github.resilience4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>resilience4j-bulkhead</artifactId>
        <version>1.7.0</version>
    </dependency>
 
<!-- 配置自動(dòng)刷新,需要配合@RefreshScope注解-->
<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bus-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
<!-- 可不用-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
<!--數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接-->
  <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
<!--tkmybatis-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.2</version>
        </dependency>
<!--PageHelper分頁(yè)插件-->
<dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
            <artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.11</version>
        </dependency>
<!--前后端分離使用的thymeleaf-->
 <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
<!--tkmybatis使用,增強(qiáng)mybatis不能用-->
 <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
            <artifactId>pagehelper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.3</version>
        </dependency>

yml基本配置:

連接eureka注冊(cè)中心:啟動(dòng)器加@EnableDiscoveryClient 或@EnableEurekaClient注解
端口號(hào),服務(wù)名,連接配置中心:本地application.yml
鏈路追蹤配置:git倉(cāng)庫(kù)config目錄下application.yml
rabbitmq消息接收配置:git倉(cāng)庫(kù)config目錄下application.yml
選擇性配置feign:git倉(cāng)庫(kù)config目錄下application.yml
熔斷,隔離,限流:git倉(cāng)庫(kù)config目錄下application.yml
數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接::git倉(cāng)庫(kù)config目錄下application.yml

本地application.yml

server:
  port: ${port:9001}
 
spring:
  application:
    name: pay-service
  cloud:
    config:
      uri: http://localhost:9007
      profile: default
      label: master
  config:
    import: optional:configserver:http://localhost:9007

git倉(cāng)庫(kù)config目錄下application.yml

spring:
  zipkin:
    base-url: http://localhost:9411
    sender:
      type: web
  sleuth:
    sampler:
      probability: 1
  rabbitmq:
    host: 127.0.0.1
    port: 5672
    username: guest
    password: guest
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://peer1:9003/eureka,http://peer2:9004/eureka,http://peer3:9005/eureka
feign:
  client:
    config:
      default:
        connectTimeout: 5000 #防止由于服務(wù)器處理時(shí)間長(zhǎng)而阻塞調(diào)用者
        readTimeout: 5000 #從連接建立時(shí)開(kāi)始應(yīng)用，在返回響應(yīng)時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)觸發(fā)
 
  circuitbreaker:
      enabled: true
 
  compression:
    request:
      enabled: true # 請(qǐng)求壓縮
      mime-types: text/xml,application/xml,application/json # 壓縮的類型
      min-request-size: 2048 # 請(qǐng)求最小壓縮的閾值
    response:
      enabled: true #響應(yīng)壓縮
      useGzipDecoder: true #使用gzip解碼器解碼響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)
 
 
logging:
  level:
    com.zhao: debug
#設(shè)置自己作為斷路器
resilience4j:
  circuitbreaker:
    configs:
      default:
        failureRateThreshold: 30 #失敗請(qǐng)求百分比，超過(guò)這個(gè)比例，CircuitBreaker變?yōu)镺PEN狀態(tài)
        slidingWindowSize: 10 #滑動(dòng)窗口的大小，配置COUNT_BASED,表示10個(gè)請(qǐng)求，配置TIME_BASED表示10秒
        minimumNumberOfCalls: 5 #最小請(qǐng)求個(gè)數(shù)，只有在滑動(dòng)窗口內(nèi)，請(qǐng)求個(gè)數(shù)達(dá)到這個(gè)個(gè)數(shù)，才會(huì)觸發(fā)CircuitBreader對(duì)于斷路器的判斷
        slidingWindowType: TIME_BASED #滑動(dòng)窗口的類型
        permittedNumberOfCallsInHalfOpenState: 3 #當(dāng)CircuitBreaker處于HALF_OPEN狀態(tài)的時(shí)候，允許通過(guò)的請(qǐng)求個(gè)數(shù)
        automaticTransitionFromOpenToHalfOpenEnabled: true #設(shè)置true，表示自動(dòng)從OPEN變成HALF_OPEN，即使沒(méi)有請(qǐng)求過(guò)來(lái)
        waitDurationInOpenState: 2s #從OPEN到HALF_OPEN狀態(tài)需要等待的時(shí)間
        recordExceptions: #異常名單
          - java.lang.Exception
    instances:
      backendA:
        baseConfig: default #熔斷器backendA，繼承默認(rèn)配置default
      backendB:
        failureRateThreshold: 50
        slowCallDurationThreshold: 2s #慢調(diào)用時(shí)間閾值，高于這個(gè)閾值的呼叫視為慢調(diào)用，并增加慢調(diào)用比例。
        slowCallRateThreshold: 30 #慢調(diào)用百分比閾值，斷路器把調(diào)用時(shí)間大于slowCallDurationThreshold，視為慢調(diào)用，當(dāng)慢調(diào)用比例大于閾值，斷路器打開(kāi)，并進(jìn)行服務(wù)降級(jí)
        slidingWindowSize: 10
        slidingWindowType: TIME_BASED
        minimumNumberOfCalls: 2
        permittedNumberOfCallsInHalfOpenState: 2
        waitDurationInOpenState: 2s #從OPEN到HALF_OPEN狀態(tài)需要等待的時(shí)間
 
  bulkhead:
    configs:
      default:
        maxConcurrentCalls: 5 # 隔離允許并發(fā)線程執(zhí)行的最大數(shù)量
        maxWaitDuration: 20ms # 當(dāng)達(dá)到并發(fā)調(diào)用數(shù)量時(shí)，新的線程的阻塞等待的最長(zhǎng)時(shí)間
    instances:
      backendA:
        baseConfig: default
      backendB:
        maxWaitDuration: 10ms
        maxConcurrentCalls: 20
#線程池隔離()
  thread-pool-bulkhead:
    configs:
      default:
        maxThreadPoolSize: 4 # 最大線程池大小
        coreThreadPoolSize: 2 # 核心線程池大小
        queueCapacity: 2 # 隊(duì)列容量
    instances:
      backendA:
        baseConfig: default
      backendB:
        maxThreadPoolSize: 1
        coreThreadPoolSize: 1
        queueCapacity: 1
#微服務(wù)限流
  ratelimiter:
    configs:
      default:
        timeoutDuration: 5 # 線程等待權(quán)限的默認(rèn)等待時(shí)間
        limitRefreshPeriod: 1s # 限流器每隔1s刷新一次，將允許處理的最大請(qǐng)求重置為2
        limitForPeriod: 2 #在一個(gè)刷新周期內(nèi)，允許執(zhí)行的最大請(qǐng)求數(shù)
    instances:
      backendA:
        baseConfig: default
      backendB:
        timeoutDuration: 5
        limitRefreshPeriod: 1s
        limitForPeriod: 5

實(shí)現(xiàn)微服務(wù)的負(fù)載均衡(有使用resttemplate和使用openfeign兩種方式),這里直接使用restTemplate,在消費(fèi)者啟動(dòng)器類里引入restTemplate Bean類,加上@loadbalanced注解就可以用了

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
 
public class OrderApplication {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
    }
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
 
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

使用方法示例:

 @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    @Autowired
    DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
    @GetMapping("/pay/{id}")
    @RateLimiter(name = "backendA", fallbackMethod = "fallback")
    public ResponseEntity<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
        log.info("now i enter the method!!!");
 
       // Thread.sleep(10000L); //阻塞10秒，已測(cè)試慢調(diào)用比例熔斷
 
        String url = "http://pay-service/pay/" + id;
        Payment payment = restTemplate.getForObject(url, Payment.class);
 
        log.info("now i exist the method!!!");
 
        return ResponseEntity.ok(payment);
    }

6.依賴引入完畢,以上全部微服務(wù)創(chuàng)建出來(lái)后修改位置

啟動(dòng)器加啟動(dòng)器加@EnableDiscoveryClient 或@EnableEurekaServer
逐個(gè)修改yml文件,修改端口號(hào)和服務(wù)名
打開(kāi)services,方便同時(shí)打開(kāi)多個(gè)服務(wù)
配置中心加@EnableConfigServer
修改倉(cāng)庫(kù)配置文件
添加本項(xiàng)目實(shí)體類依賴
打開(kāi)rabbitmq,打開(kāi)方法參考我的另一篇博客rabbitmq安裝全過(guò)程[含安裝包,可直接用
打開(kāi)鏈路追蹤控制臺(tái)
開(kāi)始寫邏輯代碼;

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