nginx實現(xiàn)動靜分離的方法示例

更新時間：2021年11月02日 15:12:38 作者：YSTWD_WY

Nginx的靜態(tài)處理能力很強,但是動態(tài)處理能力不足,因此,在企業(yè)中常用動靜分離技術(shù)，本文就詳細(xì)的介紹一下如何使用，感興趣的可以了解一下

系統(tǒng)/主機名	IP地址	服務(wù)
Redhat8 ：server1	192.168.244.131	nginx
Redhat8：server2	192.168.244.133	lnmp
Content7：node3	192.168.244.142	httpd

在server1上部署nginx

[root@server1 opt]# cat nginx.sh 
#!/bin/bash

if [ $UID -ne 0 ];then
        echo "Please use administrator account"
        exit
fi

app_a=nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz

dir_a=/usr/local
dir_b=/var/log
dir_c=nginx-1.20.1

if [ ! -d $dir_b/nginx ];then
        mkdir -p $dir_b/nginx
fi
chown -R nginx.nginx $dir_b/nginx

yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel gcc gcc-c++  make
yum -y groups mark install 'Development Tools'

id nginx &>/dev/null 
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
        useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
fi

tar xf bag/$app_a -C $dir_a

cd  $dir_a/$dir_c
if [ ! -d $dir_a/nginx ];then
        ./configure \
                --prefix=$dir_a/nginx \
                --user=nginx \
                --group=nginx \
                --with-debug \
                --with-http_ssl_module \
                --with-http_realip_module \
                --with-http_image_filter_module \
                --with-http_gunzip_module \
                --with-http_gzip_static_module \
                --with-http_stub_status_module \
                --http-log-path=$dir_b/nginx/access.log \
                --error-log-path=$dir_b/nginx/error.log  && make  && make install
fi

cd ..
if [ ! -f /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh  ];then
        echo "export PATH=$dir_a/nginx/sbin:\$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
fi

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Nginx server daemon
Wants=sshd-keygen.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=$dir_a/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecStop=$dir_a/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF


systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now nginx

查看端口

[root@server1 ~]# ss -antl
State    Recv-Q   Send-Q       Local Address:Port                     Peer Address:Port                 
LISTEN   0        128                0.0.0.0:22                            0.0.0.0:*                    
LISTEN   0        128                0.0.0.0:80                            0.0.0.0:*                    
LISTEN   0        128                   [::]:22                               [::]:*

訪問頁面

在這里插入圖片描述

在server上部署lnmp

部署nginx

[root@server2 lnmp]# cat install.sh 
#!/bin/bash

if [ $UID -ne 0 ];then
        echo "Please use administrator account"
        exit
fi

app_a=nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz

dir_a=/usr/local
dir_b=/var/log
dir_c=nginx-1.20.1

if [ ! -d $dir_b/nginx ];then
        mkdir -p $dir_b/nginx
fi
chown -R nginx.nginx $dir_b/nginx

yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel gcc gcc-c++  make
yum -y groups mark install 'Development Tools'

id nginx &>/dev/null 
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
        useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
fi

tar xf bag/$app_a -C $dir_a

cd  $dir_a/$dir_c
if [ ! -d $dir_a/nginx ];then
        ./configure \
                --prefix=$dir_a/nginx \
                --user=nginx \
                --group=nginx \
                --with-debug \
                --with-http_ssl_module \
                --with-http_realip_module \
                --with-http_image_filter_module \
                --with-http_gunzip_module \
                --with-http_gzip_static_module \
                --with-http_stub_status_module \
                --http-log-path=$dir_b/nginx/access.log \
                --error-log-path=$dir_b/nginx/error.log  && make  && make install
fi

cd ..
if [ ! -f /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh  ];then
        echo "export PATH=$dir_a/nginx/sbin:\$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
fi

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Nginx server daemon
Wants=sshd-keygen.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=$dir_a/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecStop=$dir_a/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now nginx

部署mysql

[root@server2 lnmp]# cat mysql.sh 
#!/bin/bash

if [ $UID -ne 0 ];then
        echo "root?"
        exit
fi

dir_a=/usr/local
dir_b=/opt/data
app_a=mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
app_b=mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64

id mysql  &>/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
        useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
 fi


yum -y install ncurses-compat-libs ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel 


if [ ! -d $dir_a/$app_b ];then
        tar xf bag/$app_a -C $dir_a
fi

if [ ! -d $dir_a/mysql ];then
        ln -sv $dir_a/$app_b  $dir_a/mysql
fi
chown -R mysql:mysql $dir_a/mysql*

echo "export PATH=$dir_a/mysql/bin:\$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

if [ ! -d /$dir_b ];then
        mkdir -p /$dir_b 
        chown -R mysql.mysql /$dir_b
fi


content=$(ls $dir_b | wc -l)
if [ $content -eq 0  ];then
        mysqld --initialize-insecure --user mysql --datadir $dir_b
fi

cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir = $dir_a/mysql    
datadir = $dir_b           
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock      
port = 3306                   
pid-file = $dir_b/mysql.pid
user = mysql                  
skip-name-resolve
EOF



sed -ri "s#^(basedir=).*#\1$dir_a/mysql#g" $dir_a/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
sed -ri "s#^(datadir=).*#\1$dir_b#g" $dir_a/mysql/support-files/mysql.server


cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=mysql server daemon
After=network.target 

[Service]
Type=forking

ExecStart=$dir_a/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
ExecStop=$dir_a/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl  daemon-reload
systemctl  enable --now  mysqld

部署php

 https://www.php.net/distributions/php-8.0.10.tar.xz

解壓

[root@server2 ~]# tar -xf  php-8.0.10.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/

安裝依賴包

[root@server2 ~]# wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
[root@server1 ~]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel  pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel  php-mysqlnd  libsqlite3x-devel libzip-devel
[root@server2 ~]# yum -y install http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/PowerTools/x86_64/os/Packages/oniguruma-devel-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm

編譯安裝

[root@server2 ~]# cd /usr/local/php-8.0.10/
[root@server2 php-8.0.10]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php8  --with-config-file-path=/etc --enable-fpm --disable-debug --disable-rpath --enable-shared --enable-soap --with-openssl --enable-bcmath --with-iconv --with-bz2 --enable-calendar --with-curl --enable-exif  --enable-ftp --enable-gd --with-jpeg --with-zlib-dir --with-freetype --with-gettext --enable-mbstring --enable-pdo --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-readline --enable-shmop --enable-simplexml --enable-sockets --with-zip --enable-mysqlnd-compression-support --with-pear --enable-pcntl --enable-posix
......
......
......
config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.phar.1
config.status: creating main/php_config.h
config.status: executing default commands

+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| License:                                                           |
| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this     |
| distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation  |
| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement.     |
| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| the installation process at this point.                            |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

Thank you for using PHP.


[root@server2 php-8.0.10]# make
.......
.......
.......
invertedregexiterator.inc
pharcommand.inc
phar.inc

Build complete.
Don't forget to run 'make test'.

[root@server2 php-8.0.10]# make install
......
......
/root/php-8.0.10/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php8/bin/phar.phar
ln -s -f phar.phar /usr/local/php8/bin/phar
Installing PDO headers:           /usr/local/php8/include/php/ext/pdo/

配置php-fpm

[root@server2 php-8.0.10]# cp /etc/php.ini /opt/
[root@server2 php-8.0.10]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini 
cp: overwrite '/etc/php.ini'? y
[root@server2 php-8.0.10]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@server2 php-8.0.10]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@server2 php-8.0.10]# cd  ..
[root@server2 local]# cd  php8/
[root@server2 php8]# cd  etc/
[root@server2 etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@server2 etc]# cp php-fpm.d/www.conf.default php-fpm.d/www.conf
[root@server2 etc]# cd  php-fpm.d
[root@server2 php-fpm.d]# ls
www.conf  www.conf.default

配置環(huán)境變量

[root@server2 ~]#  echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php8/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php.sh
[root@server2 ~]# cat /etc/profile.d/php.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/php8/bin:$PATH
[root@server2 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/php.sh
[root@server2 ~]# which php
/usr/local/php8/bin/php

編寫service文件

[root@server2 ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service 
[Unit]
Description=php-fpm server daemon
After=network.target 

[Service]
Type=forking

ExecStart=/etc/init.d/php-fpm start
ExecStop=/etc/init.d/php-fpm stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID

[Install]
[root@server2 ]# systemctl  daemon-reload

啟動php

[root@server2 ~]# systemctl start php-fpm
[root@server2 ~]# ss -antl
State    Recv-Q   Send-Q       Local Address:Port                     Peer Address:Port                 
LISTEN   0        128              127.0.0.1:9000                          0.0.0.0:*                    
LISTEN   0        128                0.0.0.0:80                            0.0.0.0:*                    
LISTEN   0        128                0.0.0.0:22                            0.0.0.0:*                    
LISTEN   0        80                       *:3306                                *:*                    
LISTEN   0        128                   [::]:22                               [::]:*

在nginx.conf里配置虛擬主機

[root@server2 ~]# cd  /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@server2 html]# ls
50x.html  index.html
[root@server2 html]# vim index.php
[root@server2 html]# cat index.php 
<?php
    phpinfo();
?>
[root@server2 conf]# pwd
/usr/local/nginx/conf
[root@server2 conf]# vim  nginx.conf
........
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;

......
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.php index.html index.htm;
        }
.....



        location ~ \.php$ {
            root           html;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME $Document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            include        fastcgi_params;
        }
[root@server2 conf]# nginx -s reload

訪問

在這里插入圖片描述

node3部署httpd

[root@node3 ~]# yum -y install httpd

啟動

[root@node3 ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@node3 ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128     *:22                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128    :::80                 :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128    :::22                 :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100       ::1:25                 :::*

訪問

在這里插入圖片描述

實現(xiàn)分離部署

在server1上的nginx.conf上配置

[root@server1 ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    upstream cm {                #靜態(tài)資源地址
        server 192.168.244.142;
    }
    
    upstream nm {                #動態(tài)資源地址
        server 192.168.244.133;
    }


    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            proxy_pass http://cm;     #指向靜態(tài)
        }
        
        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        location ~ \.php$ {         #指向動態(tài)
            proxy_pass   http://nm;
        }

[root@server1 ~]# nginx -s reload

訪問 192.168.244.131

在這里插入圖片描述