解決線程池中ThreadGroup的坑

更新時間：2021年10月12日 11:28:15 作者：kevin-go

這篇文章主要介紹了解決線程池中ThreadGroup的坑，具有很好的參考價值，希望對大家有所幫助。如有錯誤或未考慮完全的地方，望不吝賜教

線程池中ThreadGroup的坑

在Java中每一個線程都?xì)w屬于某個線程組管理的一員，例如在主函數(shù)main()主工作流程中產(chǎn)生一個線程，則產(chǎn)生的線程屬于main這個線程組管理的一員。簡單地說，線程組（ThreadGroup）就是由線程組成的管理線程的類，這個類是java.lang.ThreadGroup類。

定義一個線程組，通過以下代碼可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。

ThreadGroup group=new ThreadGroup(“groupName”);
Thread thread=new Thread(group,”the first thread of group”);

ThreadGroup類中的某些方法，可以對線程組中的線程產(chǎn)生作用。例如，setMaxPriority()方法可以設(shè)定線程組中的所有線程擁有最大的優(yōu)先權(quán)。

所有線程都隸屬于一個線程組。那可以是一個默認(rèn)線程組(不指定group)，亦可是一個創(chuàng)建線程時明確指定的組。在創(chuàng)建之初，線程被限制到一個組里，而且不能改變到一個不同的組。每個應(yīng)用都至少有一個線程從屬于系統(tǒng)線程組。若創(chuàng)建多個線程而不指定一個組，它們就會自動歸屬于系統(tǒng)線程組。

線程組也必須從屬于其他線程組。必須在構(gòu)建器里指定新線程組從屬于哪個線程組。若在創(chuàng)建一個線程組的時候沒有指定它的歸屬，則同樣會自動成為系統(tǒng)線程組的一名屬下。因此，一個應(yīng)用程序中的所有線程組最終都會將系統(tǒng)線程組作為自己的“父”。

那么假如我們需要在線程池中實(shí)現(xiàn)一個帶自定義ThreadGroup的線程分組,該怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)呢?

我們在給線程池(ThreadPoolExecutor)提交任務(wù)的時候可以通過execute(Runnable command)來將一個線程任務(wù)加入到該線程池,那么我們是否可以通過new一個指定了ThreadGroup的Thread實(shí)例來加入線程池來達(dá)到前面說到的目的呢?

ThreadGroup是否可行

通過new Thread(threadGroup,runnable)實(shí)現(xiàn)線程池中任務(wù)分組

public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadPoolExecutor pool = (ThreadPoolExecutor) Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        final ThreadGroup group = new ThreadGroup("Main_Test_Group");
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            Thread thread = new Thread(group, new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    int sleep = (int)(Math.random() * 10);
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000 * 3);
                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"執(zhí)行完畢");
                        System.out.println("當(dāng)前線程組中的運(yùn)行線程數(shù)"+group.activeCount());
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }, group.getName()+" #"+i+"");
            pool.execute(thread);
        }
    }

運(yùn)行結(jié)果

pool-1-thread-3執(zhí)行完畢
pool-1-thread-1執(zhí)行完畢
當(dāng)前線程組中的運(yùn)行線程數(shù)0
pool-1-thread-2執(zhí)行完畢
當(dāng)前線程組中的運(yùn)行線程數(shù)0
當(dāng)前線程組中的運(yùn)行線程數(shù)0
pool-1-thread-4執(zhí)行完畢
pool-1-thread-5執(zhí)行完畢
當(dāng)前線程組中的運(yùn)行線程數(shù)0
當(dāng)前線程組中的運(yùn)行線程數(shù)0

運(yùn)行結(jié)果中可以看到group中的線程并沒有因?yàn)榫€程池啟動了這個線程任務(wù)而運(yùn)行起來.因此通過線程組來對線程池中的線層任務(wù)分組不可行.

從java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor源碼中可以看到如下構(gòu)造函數(shù):

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
        this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
             Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
    }

如果我們在實(shí)例化ThreadPoolExecutor時不指定ThreadFactory,那么將以默認(rèn)的ThreadFactory來創(chuàng)建Thread.

Executors內(nèi)部類DefaultThreadFactory

下面的源碼即是默認(rèn)的Thread工廠

static class DefaultThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
        private static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
        private final ThreadGroup group;
        private final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
        private final String namePrefix;
        DefaultThreadFactory() {
            SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
            group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() :
                                  Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
            namePrefix = "pool-" +
                          poolNumber.getAndIncrement() +
                         "-thread-";
        }
        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
            Thread t = new Thread(group, r,
                                  namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(),
                                  0);
            if (t.isDaemon())
                t.setDaemon(false);
            if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY)
                t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
            return t;
        }
    }

從唯一的構(gòu)造函數(shù)可以看到DefaultThreadFactory以SecurityManager 實(shí)例中的ThreadGroup來指定線程的group,如果SecurityManager 獲取到的ThreadGroup為null才默認(rèn)以當(dāng)前線程的group來指定.public Thread newThread(Runnable r) 則以group來new 一個Thead.這樣我們可以在實(shí)例化ThreadPoolExecutor對象的時候在其構(gòu)造函數(shù)內(nèi)傳入自定義的ThreadFactory實(shí)例即可達(dá)到目的.

public class MyTheadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
    private static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
    private final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
    private final String namePrefix;
    private ThreadGroup defaultGroup;
    public MyTheadFactory() {
        SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
        defaultGroup = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() : Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
        namePrefix = "pool-" + poolNumber.getAndIncrement() + "-thread-";
    }
    public MyTheadFactory(ThreadGroup group) {
       this.defaultGroup = group;
        namePrefix = "pool-" + poolNumber.getAndIncrement() + "-thread-";
    }
    public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
        Thread t = new Thread(defaultGroup, null, namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(), 0);
        if (t.isDaemon())
            t.setDaemon(false);
        if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY)
            t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
        return t;
    }
}

ThreadGroup的使用及手寫線程池

監(jiān)聽線程異常關(guān)閉

以下代碼在window下不方便測試，需在linux 上測試

// 以下線程如果強(qiáng)制關(guān)閉的話，是無法打印`線程被殺掉了`
// 模擬關(guān)閉 kill PID
public static void main(String[] args)  {
        Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread( () -> {
            System.out.println("線程被殺掉了");
        }));
        while(true){
            System.out.println("i am working ...");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

如何拿到Thread線程中異常

public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                int i = 10/0;
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
        thread.setUncaughtExceptionHandler((t,e)->{
            System.out.println("線程的名字"+ t.getName());
            System.out.println(e);
        });  // 通過注入接口的方式
        thread.start();
    }

ThreadGroup

注意： threadGroup 設(shè)置為isDaemon 后，會隨最后一個線程結(jié)束而銷毀，如果沒有設(shè)置isDaemon ，則需要手動調(diào)用 destory()

線程池使用

自己搭建的簡單線程池實(shí)現(xiàn)

其中ThreadGroup 的應(yīng)用沒有寫，但是我們可以觀察線程關(guān)閉后，檢查ThreadGroup 中是否還有活躍的線程等，具體參考ThreadGroup API

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
/**
 * @Author: shengjm
 * @Date: 2020/2/10 9:52
 * @Description:
 */
public class SimpleThreadPool extends Thread{
    /**
     * 線程數(shù)量
     */
    private int size;
    private final int queueSize;
    /**
     * 默認(rèn)線程隊(duì)列數(shù)量
     */
    private final static int DEFAULR_TASK_QUEUE_SIZE = 2000;
    private static volatile int seq = 0;
    private final static String THREAD_PREFIX = "SIMPLE_THREAD_POLL_";
    private final static ThreadGroup GROUP = new ThreadGroup("Pool_Group");
    private final static LinkedList<Runnable> TASK_QUEUE = new LinkedList<>();
    private final static List<WorkerTask> THREAD_QUEUE = new ArrayList<>();
    private final DiscardPolicy discardPolicy;
    private volatile boolean destory = false;
    private int min;
    private int max;
    private int active;
    /**
     * 定義異常策略的實(shí)現(xiàn)
     */
    private final static DiscardPolicy DEFAULT_DISCARD_POLICY = () -> {
        throw new DiscardException("線程池已經(jīng)被撐爆了，后繼多余的人將丟失");
    };
    /**
     *
     */
    public SimpleThreadPool(){
        this(4,8,12,DEFAULR_TASK_QUEUE_SIZE,DEFAULT_DISCARD_POLICY);
    }
    /**
     *
     */
    public SimpleThreadPool(int min , int active , int max , int queueSize,DiscardPolicy discardPolicy) {
        this.min = min;
        this.active = active;
        this.max = max;
        this.queueSize = queueSize;
        this.discardPolicy = discardPolicy;
        init();
    }
 /**
  * 初始化
  */
    private void init() {
        for(int i = 0; i < min; i++){
            createWorkTask();
        }
        this.size = min;
        this.start();
    }
    private void createWorkTask(){
        WorkerTask task = new WorkerTask(GROUP,THREAD_PREFIX+(seq++));
        task.start();
        THREAD_QUEUE.add(task);
    }
 /**
  * 線程池自動擴(kuò)充
  */
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(!destory){
            System.out.println(this.min +" --- "+this.active+" --- "+this.max + " --- "+ this.size + " --- "+  TASK_QUEUE.size());
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                if(TASK_QUEUE.size() > active && size < active){
                    for (int i = size; i < active;i++){
                        createWorkTask();
                    }
                    size = active;
                }else if(TASK_QUEUE.size() > max && size < max){
                    for (int i = size; i < max;i++){
                        createWorkTask();
                    }
                    size = max;
                }
                synchronized (THREAD_QUEUE){
                    if(TASK_QUEUE.isEmpty() && size > active){
                        int release = size - active;
                        for (Iterator<WorkerTask> it = THREAD_QUEUE.iterator();it.hasNext();){
                            if(release <=0){
                                break;
                            }
                            WorkerTask task = it.next();
                            task.close();
                            task.interrupt();
                            it.remove();
                            release--;
                        }
                        size = active;
                    }
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    public void submit(Runnable runnable){
        synchronized (TASK_QUEUE){
            if(destory){
                throw new DiscardException("線程池已經(jīng)被摧毀了...");
            }
            if(TASK_QUEUE.size() > queueSize){
                discardPolicy.discard();
            }
            TASK_QUEUE.addLast(runnable);
            TASK_QUEUE.notifyAll();
        }
    }
 /**
  * 關(guān)閉
  */
    public void shutdown(){
        while(!TASK_QUEUE.isEmpty()){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(10);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        synchronized (THREAD_QUEUE) {
            int initVal = THREAD_QUEUE.size();
            while (initVal > 0) {
                for (WorkerTask workerTask : THREAD_QUEUE) {
                    if (workerTask.getTaskState() == TaskState.BLOCKED) {
                        workerTask.interrupt();
                        workerTask.close();
                        initVal--;
                    } else {
                        try {
                            Thread.sleep(10);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            this.destory = true;
        }
    }
    public int getSize() {
        return size;
    }
    public int getMin() {
        return min;
    }
    public int getMax() {
        return max;
    }
    public int getActive() {
        return active;
    }
    /**
     * 線程狀態(tài)
     */
    private enum TaskState{
        FREE , RUNNING , BLOCKED , DEAD
    }
    /**
     * 自定義異常類
     */
    public static class DiscardException extends RuntimeException{
        public DiscardException(String message){
            super(message);
        }
    }
    /**
     * 定義異常策略
     */
    @FunctionalInterface
    public interface DiscardPolicy{
        void discard() throws DiscardException;
    }
    private static class WorkerTask extends Thread{
        private volatile TaskState taskState = TaskState.FREE;
        public TaskState getTaskState(){
            return this.taskState;
        }
        public WorkerTask(ThreadGroup group , String name){
            super(group , name);
        }
        @Override
        public void run(){
            OUTER:
            while(this.taskState != TaskState.DEAD){
                Runnable runnable;
                synchronized (TASK_QUEUE){
                    while(TASK_QUEUE.isEmpty()){
                        try {
                            taskState = TaskState.BLOCKED;
                            TASK_QUEUE.wait();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            break OUTER;
                        }
                    }
                    runnable = TASK_QUEUE.removeFirst();
                }
                if(runnable != null){
                    taskState = TaskState.RUNNING;
                    runnable.run();
                    taskState = TaskState.FREE;
                }
            }
        }
        public void close(){
            this.taskState = TaskState.DEAD;
        }
    }
    /**
     * 測試
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SimpleThreadPool simpleThreadPool = new SimpleThreadPool();
//        SimpleThreadPool simpleThreadPool = new SimpleThreadPool(6,15,SimpleThreadPool.DEFAULT_DISCARD_POLICY);
        IntStream.rangeClosed(0,40).forEach(i -> {
            simpleThreadPool.submit(() -> {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("the runnable " + i + "be servered by " + Thread.currentThread());
            });
        });
//        try {
//            Thread.sleep(15000);
//        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
//            e.printStackTrace();
//        }
        simpleThreadPool.shutdown();
    }
}

以上為個人經(jīng)驗(yàn)，希望能給大家一個參考，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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