static class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
    final K key;
    V value;
    Entry<K,V> next;
    int hash;
    Entry(int h, K k, V v, Entry<K,V> n) {
        value = v;
        next = n;
        key = k;
        hash = h;
    }
    public final K getKey() {
        return key;
    }
    public final V getValue() {
        return value;
    }
    public final V setValue(V newValue) {
        V oldValue = value;
        value = newValue;
        return oldValue;
    }
    public final boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
            return false;
        Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry)o;
        Object k1 = getKey();
        Object k2 = e.getKey();
        if (k1 == k2 || (k1 != null && k1.equals(k2))) {
            Object v1 = getValue();
            Object v2 = e.getValue();
            if (v1 == v2 || (v1 != null && v1.equals(v2)))
                return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    public final int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hashCode(getKey()) ^ Objects.hashCode(getValue());
    }
    public final String toString() {
        return getKey() + "=" + getValue();
    }
}

HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("K1", "V1");
map.put("K2", "V2");
map.put("K3", "V3");

public V put(K key, V value) {
    if (table == EMPTY_TABLE) {
        inflateTable(threshold);
    }
    // 鍵為 null 單獨(dú)處理
    if (key == null)
        return putForNullKey(value);
    int hash = hash(key);
    // 確定桶下標(biāo)
    int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
    // 先找出是否已經(jīng)存在鍵為 key 的鍵值對，如果存在的話就更新這個鍵值對的值為 value
    for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
        Object k;
        if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
            V oldValue = e.value;
            e.value = value;
            e.recordAccess(this);
            return oldValue;
        }
    }
    modCount++;
    // 插入新鍵值對
    addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
    return null;
}

private V putForNullKey(V value) {
    for (Entry<K,V> e = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) {
        if (e.key == null) {
            V oldValue = e.value;
            e.value = value;
            e.recordAccess(this);
            return oldValue;
        }
    }
    modCount++;
    addEntry(0, null, value, 0);
    return null;
}

void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
    if ((size >= threshold) && (null != table[bucketIndex])) {
        resize(2 * table.length);
        hash = (null != key) ? hash(key) : 0;
        bucketIndex = indexFor(hash, table.length);
    }
    createEntry(hash, key, value, bucketIndex);
}
void createEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
    Entry<K,V> e = table[bucketIndex];
    // 頭插法，鏈表頭部指向新的鍵值對
    table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, e);
    size++;
}
Entry(int h, K k, V v, Entry<K,V> n) {
    value = v;
    next = n;
    key = k;
    hash = h;
}

int hash = hash(key);
int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);

final int hash(Object k) {
    int h = hashSeed;
    if (0 != h && k instanceof String) {
        return sun.misc.Hashing.stringHash32((String) k);
    }
    h ^= k.hashCode();
    // This function ensures that hashCodes that differ only by
    // constant multiples at each bit position have a bounded
    // number of collisions (approximately 8 at default load factor).
    h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12);
    return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4);
}
public final int hashCode() {
    return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value);
}

x   : 00010000
x-1 : 00001111

y       : 10110010
x-1     : 00001111
y&(x-1) : 00000010

y   : 10110010
x   : 00010000
y%x : 00000010

static int indexFor(int h, int length) {
    return h & (length-1);
}

static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;
static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
transient Entry[] table;
transient int size;
int threshold;
final float loadFactor;
transient int modCount;

void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
    Entry<K,V> e = table[bucketIndex];
    table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, e);
    if (size++ >= threshold)
        resize(2 * table.length);
}

void resize(int newCapacity) {
    Entry[] oldTable = table;
    int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
    if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
        threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        return;
    }
    Entry[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity];
    transfer(newTable);
    table = newTable;
    threshold = (int)(newCapacity * loadFactor);
}
void transfer(Entry[] newTable) {
    Entry[] src = table;
    int newCapacity = newTable.length;
    for (int j = 0; j < src.length; j++) {
        Entry<K,V> e = src[j];
        if (e != null) {
            src[j] = null;
            do {
                Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
                int i = indexFor(e.hash, newCapacity);
                e.next = newTable[i];
                newTable[i] = e;
                e = next;
            } while (e != null);
        }
    }
}

capacity     : 00010000
new capacity : 00100000
對于一個 Key，

mask |= mask >> 1    11011000
mask |= mask >> 2    11111110
mask |= mask >> 4    11111111

num     10010000
mask+1 100000000

static final int tableSizeFor(int cap) {
    int n = cap - 1;
    n |= n >>> 1;
    n |= n >>> 2;
    n |= n >>> 4;
    n |= n >>> 8;
    n |= n >>> 16;
    return (n < 0) ? 1 : (n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : n + 1;
}