Spring Boot中快速操作Mongodb數(shù)據(jù)庫指南

更新時間：2021年05月08日 10:26:18 作者：猿天地

這篇文章主要給大家介紹了關(guān)于Spring Boot中如何快速操作Mongodb的相關(guān)資料，文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，對大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價值，需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來一起學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)吧

前言

在Spring Boot中集成Mongodb非常簡單，只需要加入Mongodb的Starter包即可，代碼如下：

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId>
</dependency>

然后配置Mongodb的連接信息：

spring.data.mongodb.uri=mongodb://192.168.0.13/test

完整配置信息請參考下面：

spring.data.mongodb.authentication-database= # Authentication database name.
spring.data.mongodb.database= # Database name.
spring.data.mongodb.field-naming-strategy= # Fully qualified name of the FieldNamingStrategy to use.
spring.data.mongodb.grid-fs-database= # GridFS database name.
spring.data.mongodb.host= # Mongo server host. Cannot be set with URI.
spring.data.mongodb.password= # Login password of the mongo server. Cannot be set with URI.
spring.data.mongodb.port= # Mongo server port. Cannot be set with URI.
spring.data.mongodb.repositories.type=auto # Type of Mongo repositories to enable.
spring.data.mongodb.uri=mongodb://localhost/test # Mongo database URI. Cannot be set with host, port and credentials.
spring.data.mongodb.username= # Login user of the mongo server. Cannot be set with URI.

配置好了之后就直接可以注入MongoTemplate操作數(shù)據(jù)了

添加數(shù)據(jù)

首先創(chuàng)建一個實體類，我們這邊用文章來做實體類，定義如下字段:

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Document;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Field;
/**
 * 文章信息
 * @author yinjihuan
 *
 */
@Document(collection = "article_info")
public class Article {
    @Id
    private String id;
    @Field("title")
    private String title;
    @Field("url")
    private String url;
    @Field("author")
    private String author;
    @Field("tags")
    private List<String> tags;
    @Field("visit_count")
    private Long visitCount;
    @Field("add_time")
    private Date addTime;
    
    //省略get set方法
}

實體類中的注解解釋如下：

1.Document注解標(biāo)識這是一個文檔，等同mysql中的表,collection值表示mongodb中集合的名稱，不寫默認(rèn)為實體類名article。

2.Id注解為主鍵標(biāo)識

3.Field注解為字段標(biāo)識，指定值為字段名稱，這邊有個小技巧，之所有spring-data.mongodb中有這樣的注解，是為了能夠讓用戶自定義字段名稱，可以和實體類不一致，還有個好處就是可以用縮寫，比如username我們可以配置成unane或者un,這樣的好處是節(jié)省了存儲空間，mongodb的存儲方式是key value形式的，每個key就會重復(fù)存儲，key其實就占了很大一份存儲空間。
接下來可以操作數(shù)據(jù)庫了，接著上次，在測試類里寫代碼

@Autowired
private MongoTemplate mongoTemplate;

/**
 * 初始化文章信息
 * @author yinjihuan
 */
public static void initArticle() {
    //循環(huán)添加
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        Article article = new Article();
        article.setTitle("MongoTemplate的基本使用");
	    article.setAuthor("yinjihuan");
	    article.setUrl("http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/" + i);
	    article.setTags(Arrays.asList("java", "mongodb", "spring"));
	    article.setVisitCount(0L);
	    article.setAddTime(new Date());
	    mongoTemplate.save(article);
    }
    
    //批量添加
    List<Article> articles = new ArrayList<>(10);
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
	    Article article = new Article();
	    article.setTitle("MongoTemplate的基本使用");
	    article.setAuthor("yinjihuan");
	    article.setUrl("http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/" + i);
	    article.setTags(Arrays.asList("java", "mongodb", "spring"));
	    article.setVisitCount(0L);
	    article.setAddTime(new Date());
	    articles.add(article);
    }
    mongoTemplate.insert(articles, Article.class);
  
}

在數(shù)據(jù)量大的情況下批量添加性能會更好哦。

刪除操作

//刪除author為yinjihuan的數(shù)據(jù)
Query query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
mongoTemplate.remove(query, Article.class);

//如果實體類中沒配集合名詞，可在刪除的時候單獨指定article_info
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
mongoTemplate.remove(query, "article_info");

//刪除集合，可傳實體類，也可以傳名稱
mongoTemplate.dropCollection(Article.class);
mongoTemplate.dropCollection("article_info");

//刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫
mongoTemplate.getDb().dropDatabase();

下面這2種適合要知道刪除的數(shù)據(jù)有哪些的場景，比如記錄刪除的記錄

//查詢出符合條件的第一個結(jié)果，并將符合條件的數(shù)據(jù)刪除,只會刪除第一條
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
Article article = mongoTemplate.findAndRemove(query, Article.class);

//查詢出符合條件的所有結(jié)果，并將符合條件的所有數(shù)據(jù)刪除
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
List<Article> articles = mongoTemplate.findAllAndRemove(query, Article.class);

修改操作

首先初始化需要修改的數(shù)據(jù)

{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc48"),
    "title": "MongoTemplate的基本使用",
    "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/0",
    "author": "yinjihuan",
    "tags": [
        "java",
        "mongodb",
        "spring"
    ],
    "visit_count": 0,
    "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:21.881Z")
}
{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc49"),
    "title": "MongoTemplate的基本使用",
    "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/1",
    "author": "yinjihuan",
    "tags": [
        "java",
        "mongodb",
        "spring"
    ],
    "visit_count": 0,
    "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:22.201Z")
}

//修改第一條author為yinjihuan的數(shù)據(jù)中的title和visitCount
Query query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
Update update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").set("visitCount", 10);
mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, update, Article.class);

修改后結(jié)果如下,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)第一條數(shù)據(jù)的title還有visit_count被修改了

{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc48"),
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/0",
    "author": "yinjihuan",
    "tags": [
        "java",
        "mongodb",
        "spring"
    ],
    "visit_count": 10,
    "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:21.881Z")
}
{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc49"),
    "title": "MongoTemplate的基本使用",
    "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/1",
    "author": "yinjihuan",
    "tags": [
        "java",
        "mongodb",
        "spring"
    ],
    "visit_count": 0,
    "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:22.201Z")
}

//修改全部符合條件的
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").set("visitCount", 10);
mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);

修改后結(jié)果如下,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)所有數(shù)據(jù)的title還有visit_count被修改了

{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc48"),
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/0",
    "author": "yinjihuan",
    "tags": [
        "java",
        "mongodb",
        "spring"
    ],
    "visit_count": 10,
    "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:21.881Z")
}
{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc49"),
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/1",
    "author": "yinjihuan",
    "tags": [
        "java",
        "mongodb",
        "spring"
    ],
    "visit_count": 10,
    "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:22.201Z")
}

//特殊更新，更新author為jason的數(shù)據(jù)，如果沒有author為jason的數(shù)據(jù)則以此條件創(chuàng)建一條新的數(shù)據(jù)
//當(dāng)沒有符合條件的文檔，就以這個條件和更新文檔為基礎(chǔ)創(chuàng)建一個新的文檔，如果找到匹配的文檔就正常的更新。
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("jason"));
update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").set("visitCount", 10);
mongoTemplate.upsert(query, update, Article.class);

修改后結(jié)果如下,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)新增了一條數(shù)據(jù)

{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc48"),
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/0",
    "author": "yinjihuan",
    "tags": [
        "java",
        "mongodb",
        "spring"
    ],
    "visit_count": 10,
    "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:21.881Z")
}
{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc49"),
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/1",
    "author": "yinjihuan",
    "tags": [
        "java",
        "mongodb",
        "spring"
    ],
    "visit_count": 10,
    "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:22.201Z")
}
{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"),
    "author": "jason",
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "visit_count": 10
}

//更新條件不變，更新字段改成了一個我們集合中不存在的，用set方法如果更新的key不存在則創(chuàng)建一個新的key
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("jason"));
update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").set("money", 100);
mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);

修改后結(jié)果如下,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)新加了一個key

{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"),
    "author": "jason",
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "visit_count": 10,
    "money":100
}

//update的inc方法用于做累加操作，將money在之前的基礎(chǔ)上加上100
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("jason"));
update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").inc("money", 100);
mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);

修改后結(jié)果如下,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)money變成200

{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"),
    "author": "jason",
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "visit_count": 10,
    "money":200
}

//update的rename方法用于修改key的名稱
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("jason"));
update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").rename("visitCount", "vc");
mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);

{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"),
    "author": "jason",
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "vc": 10,
    "money":200
}

//update的unset方法用于刪除key
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("jason"));
update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").unset("vc");
mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);

修改后結(jié)果如下,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)vc這個key被刪除了

{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"),
    "author": "jason",
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "money":200
}

//update的pull方法用于刪除tags數(shù)組中的java
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").pull("tags", "java");
mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);

修改后結(jié)果如下,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)tags里的java被刪除了

{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc48"),
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/0",
    "author": "yinjihuan",
    "tags": [
        "mongodb",
        "spring"
    ],
    "visit_count": 10,
    "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:21.881Z")
}
{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc49"),
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/1",
    "author": "yinjihuan",
    "tags": [
        "mongodb",
        "spring"
    ],
    "visit_count": 10,
    "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:22.201Z")
}

查詢操作

查詢，無論是關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫還是mongodb這種nosql，都是使用比較多的，大部分操作都是讀的操作。

mongodb的查詢方式很多種，下面只列了一些常用的，比如：

1.=查詢

2.模糊查詢

3.大于小于范圍查詢

4.in查詢

5.or查詢

6.查詢一條，查詢?nèi)?/p>

7.自己慢慢學(xué)習(xí)...

根據(jù)作者查詢所有符合條件的數(shù)據(jù)，返回List

Query query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
List<Article> articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);

只查詢符合條件的第一條數(shù)據(jù)，返回Article對象

query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
Article article = mongoTemplate.findOne(query, Article.class);

查詢集合中所有數(shù)據(jù)，不加條件

articles = mongoTemplate.findAll(Article.class);

查詢符合條件的數(shù)量

query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
long count = mongoTemplate.count(query, Article.class);

根據(jù)主鍵ID查詢

article = mongoTemplate.findById(new ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"), Article.class);

in查詢

List<String> authors = Arrays.asList("yinjihuan", "jason");
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").in(authors));
articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);

ne（!=）查詢

query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").ne("yinjihuan"));
articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);

lt(<)查詢訪問量小于10的文章

query = Query.query(Criteria.where("visitCount").lt(10));
articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);

范圍查詢，大于5小于10

query = Query.query(Criteria.where("visitCount").gt(5).lt(10));
articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);

模糊查詢，author中包含a的數(shù)據(jù)

query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").regex("a"));
articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);

數(shù)組查詢，查詢tags里數(shù)量為3的數(shù)據(jù)

query = Query.query(Criteria.where("tags").size(3));
articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);

or查詢，查詢author=jason的或者visitCount=0的數(shù)據(jù)

query = Query.query(Criteria.where("").orOperator(
    Criteria.where("author").is("jason"),
    Criteria.where("visitCount").is(0)));
articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);