python 刪除系統(tǒng)中的文件(按時間,大小,擴(kuò)展名)

更新時間：2020年11月19日 16:12:30 作者：Hafeezul Kareem Shaik

這篇文章主要介紹了python 如何刪除系統(tǒng)中的文件,分別按時間，大小，擴(kuò)展名刪除，滿足不同需求，感興趣的朋友可以了解下

按時間刪除文件

# importing the required modules
import os
import shutil
import time

# main function
def main():

	# initializing the count
	deleted_folders_count = 0
	deleted_files_count = 0

	# specify the path
	path = "/PATH_TO_DELETE"

	# specify the days
	days = 30

	# converting days to seconds
	# time.time() returns current time in seconds
	seconds = time.time() - (days * 24 * 60 * 60)

	# checking whether the file is present in path or not
	if os.path.exists(path):
		
		# iterating over each and every folder and file in the path
		for root_folder, folders, files in os.walk(path):

			# comparing the days
			if seconds >= get_file_or_folder_age(root_folder):

				# removing the folder
				remove_folder(root_folder)
				deleted_folders_count += 1 # incrementing count

				# breaking after removing the root_folder
				break

			else:

				# checking folder from the root_folder
				for folder in folders:

					# folder path
					folder_path = os.path.join(root_folder, folder)

					# comparing with the days
					if seconds >= get_file_or_folder_age(folder_path):

						# invoking the remove_folder function
						remove_folder(folder_path)
						deleted_folders_count += 1 # incrementing count


				# checking the current directory files
				for file in files:

					# file path
					file_path = os.path.join(root_folder, file)

					# comparing the days
					if seconds >= get_file_or_folder_age(file_path):

						# invoking the remove_file function
						remove_file(file_path)
						deleted_files_count += 1 # incrementing count

		else:

			# if the path is not a directory
			# comparing with the days
			if seconds >= get_file_or_folder_age(path):

				# invoking the file
				remove_file(path)
				deleted_files_count += 1 # incrementing count

	else:

		# file/folder is not found
		print(f'"{path}" is not found')
		deleted_files_count += 1 # incrementing count

	print(f"Total folders deleted: {deleted_folders_count}")
	print(f"Total files deleted: {deleted_files_count}")


def remove_folder(path):

	# removing the folder
	if not shutil.rmtree(path):

		# success message
		print(f"{path} is removed successfully")

	else:

		# failure message
		print(f"Unable to delete the {path}")



def remove_file(path):

	# removing the file
	if not os.remove(path):

		# success message
		print(f"{path} is removed successfully")

	else:

		# failure message
		print(f"Unable to delete the {path}")


def get_file_or_folder_age(path):

	# getting ctime of the file/folder
	# time will be in seconds
	ctime = os.stat(path).st_ctime

	# returning the time
	return ctime


if __name__ == '__main__':
	main()

需要在上面的代碼中調(diào)整以下兩個變量

days = 30 
path = "/PATH_TO_DELETE"

按大小刪除文件

# importing the os module
import os

# function that returns size of a file
def get_file_size(path):

	# getting file size in bytes
	size = os.path.getsize(path)

	# returning the size of the file
	return size


# function to delete a file
def remove_file(path):

	# deleting the file
	if not os.remove(path):

		# success
		print(f"{path} is deleted successfully")

	else:

		# error
		print(f"Unable to delete the {path}")


def main():
	# specify the path
	path = "ENTER_PATH_HERE"

	# put max size of file in MBs
	size = 500

	# checking whether the path exists or not
	if os.path.exists(path):

		# converting size to bytes
		size = size * 1024 * 1024

		# traversing through the subfolders
		for root_folder, folders, files in os.walk(path):

			# iterating over the files list
			for file in files:
				
				# getting file path
				file_path = os.path.join(root_folder, file)

				# checking the file size
				if get_file_size(file_path) >= size:
					# invoking the remove_file function
					remove_file(file_path)
			
		else:

			# checking only if the path is file
			if os.path.isfile(path):
				# path is not a dir
				# checking the file directly
				if get_file_size(path) >= size:
					# invoking the remove_file function
					remove_file(path)


	else:

		# path doesn't exist
		print(f"{path} doesn't exist")

if __name__ == '__main__':
	main()

調(diào)整以下兩個變量。

path = "ENTER_PATH_HERE" 
size = 500

按擴(kuò)展名刪除文件

在某些情況下，您想按文件的擴(kuò)展名類型刪除文件。假設(shè).log文件。我們可以使用該os.path.splitext(path)方法找到文件的擴(kuò)展名。它返回一個元組，其中包含文件的路徑和擴(kuò)展名。

# importing os module
import os

# main function
def main():
  
  # specify the path
  path = "PATH_TO_LOOK_FOR"
  
  # specify the extension
  extension = ".log"
  
  # checking whether the path exist or not
  if os.path.exists(path):
    
    # check whether the path is directory or not
    if os.path.isdir(path):
    
      # iterating through the subfolders
      for root_folder, folders, files in os.walk(path):
        
        # checking of the files
        for file in files:

          # file path
          file_path = os.path.join(root_folder, file)

          # extracting the extension from the filename
          file_extension = os.path.splitext(file_path)[1]

          # checking the file_extension
          if extension == file_extension:
            
            # deleting the file
            if not os.remove(file_path):
              
              # success message
              print(f"{file_path} deleted successfully")
              
            else:
              
              # failure message
              print(f"Unable to delete the {file_path}")
    
    else:
      
      # path is not a directory
      print(f"{path} is not a directory")
  
  else:
    
    # path doen't exist
    print(f"{path} doesn't exist")

if __name__ == '__main__':
  # invoking main function
  main()

不要忘記更新上面代碼中的path和extension變量，以滿足您的要求。

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