C# 利用Selenium實現(xiàn)瀏覽器自動化操作的示例代碼
概述
Selenium是一款免費的分布式的自動化測試工具,支持多種開發(fā)語言,無論是C、 java、ruby、python、或是C# ,你都可以通過selenium完成自動化測試。本文以一個簡單的小例子,簡述C# 利用Selenium進行瀏覽器的模擬操作,僅供學習分享使用,如有不足之處,還請指正。
涉及知識點
要實現(xiàn)本例的功能,除了要掌握Html ,JavaScript,CSS等基礎知識,還涉及以下知識點:
- log4net:主要用于日志的記錄和存儲,本例采用log4net進行日志記錄,便于過程跟蹤和問題排查,關于log4net的配置和介紹,之前已有說明,本文不做贅述。
- Queue:隊列,先進先出模式,本文主要用于將日志信息保存于隊列中,然后再顯示到頁面上,其中Enqueue用于添加內(nèi)容到結(jié)尾處,Dequeue用于返回并移除一個位置的對象。
- IWebDriver:瀏覽器驅(qū)動接口,所有的關于瀏覽器的操作都可以通過此接口進行,不同瀏覽器有不同的實現(xiàn)類,如:IE瀏覽器(InternetExplorerDriver)Chrome瀏覽器(ChromeDriver)等。
- BackgroundWorker:后臺工作線程,區(qū)別于主線程,通過事件觸發(fā)不同的狀態(tài)。
Selenium安裝
本例開發(fā)工具為VS2019,通過NuGet進行需要的軟件包的安裝與管理,如下所示:

示例效果圖
本例采用Chrome瀏覽器,用于監(jiān)控某一個網(wǎng)站并獲取相應內(nèi)容,如下所示:

Selenium示例介紹
定義一個webDriver,如下所示:
//谷歌瀏覽器 ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); this.driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
通過ID獲取元素并填充內(nèi)容和觸發(fā)事件,如下所示:
this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("email")).SendKeys(username);
this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("password")).SendKeys(password);
//# 7. 點擊登錄按鈕
this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("sign-in")).Click();
通過XPath獲取元素,如下所示:
string xpath1 = "http://div[@class=\"product-list\"]/div[@class=\"product\"]/div[@class=\"price-and-detail\"]/div[@class=\"price\"]/span[@class=\"noStock\"]"; string txt = this.driver.FindElement(By.XPath(xpath1)).Text;
核心代碼
主要的核心代碼,就是瀏覽器的元素定位查找和事件觸發(fā),如下所示:
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.IE;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace AiSmoking.Core
{
public class Smoking
{
/// <summary>
/// 是否正在運行
/// </summary>
private bool running = false;
/// <summary>
/// 驅(qū)動
/// </summary>
private IWebDriver driver = null;
/// <summary>
/// # 無貨
/// </summary>
private string no_stock = "Currently Out of Stock";
/// <summary>
/// # 線程等待秒數(shù)
/// </summary>
private int wait_sec = 2;
private Dictionary<string, string> cfg_info;
private string work_path = string.Empty;
/// <summary>
/// 構(gòu)造函數(shù)
/// </summary>
public Smoking()
{
}
/// <summary>
/// 帶參構(gòu)造函數(shù)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cfg_info"></param>
/// <param name="work_path"></param>
public Smoking(Dictionary<string, string> cfg_info,string work_path)
{
this.cfg_info = cfg_info;
this.work_path = work_path;
this.wait_sec = int.Parse(cfg_info["wait_sec"]);
//# 如果小于2,則等于2
this.wait_sec = (this.wait_sec < 2 ? 2 : this.wait_sec);
this.wait_sec = this.wait_sec * 1000;
}
/// <summary>
/// 開始跑
/// </summary>
public void startRun()
{
//"""運行起來"""
try
{
this.running = true;
string url = this.cfg_info["url"];
string username = this.cfg_info["username"];
string password = this.cfg_info["password"];
string item_id = this.cfg_info["item_id"];
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(url) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(username) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(password) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(item_id))
{
LogHelper.put("配置信息不全,請檢查config.cfg文件是否為空,然后再重啟");
return;
}
if (this.driver == null)
{
string explorer = this.cfg_info["explorer"];
if (explorer == "Chrome")
{
//谷歌瀏覽器
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
this.driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
}
else
{
//默認IE
var options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
//options.AddAdditionalCapability.('encoding=UTF-8')
//options.add_argument('Accept= text / css, * / *')
//options.add_argument('Accept - Language= zh - Hans - CN, zh - Hans;q = 0.5')
//options.add_argument('Accept - Encoding= gzip, deflate')
//options.add_argument('user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko')
//# 2. 定義瀏覽器驅(qū)動對象
this.driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);
}
}
this.run(url, username, password, item_id);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
LogHelper.put("運行過程中出錯,請重新打開再試"+e.StackTrace);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 運行
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url"></param>
/// <param name="username"></param>
/// <param name="password"></param>
/// <param name="item_id"></param>
private void run(string url, string username, string password, string item_id)
{
//"""運行起來"""
//# 3. 訪問網(wǎng)站
this.driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(url);
//# 4. 最大化窗口
this.driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();
if (this.checkIsExists(By.LinkText("賬戶登錄")))
{
//# 判斷是否登錄:未登錄
this.login(username, password);
}
if (this.checkIsExists(By.PartialLinkText("歡迎回來")))
{
//# 判斷是否登錄:已登錄
LogHelper.put("登錄成功,下一步開始工作了");
this.working(item_id);
}
else
{
LogHelper.put("登錄失敗,請設置賬號密碼");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 停止運行
/// </summary>
public void stopRun()
{
//"""停止"""
try
{
this.running = false;
//# 如果驅(qū)動不為空,則關閉
//self.close_browser_nicely(self.__driver)
if (this.driver != null)
{
this.driver.Quit();
//# 關閉后切要為None,否則啟動報錯
this.driver = null;
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
//print('Stop Failure')
}
finally
{
this.driver = null;
}
}
private void login(string username, string password)
{
//# 5. 點擊鏈接跳轉(zhuǎn)到登錄頁面
this.driver.FindElement(By.LinkText("賬戶登錄")).Click();
//# 6. 輸入賬號密碼
//# 判斷是否加載完成
if (this.checkIsExists(By.Id("email")))
{
this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("email")).SendKeys(username);
this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("password")).SendKeys(password);
//# 7. 點擊登錄按鈕
this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("sign-in")).Click();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 工作狀態(tài)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="item_id"></param>
private void working(string item_id)
{
while (this.running)
{
try
{
//# 正常獲取信息
if (this.checkIsExists(By.Id("string")))
{
this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("string")).Clear();
this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("string")).SendKeys(item_id);
this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("string")).SendKeys(Keys.Enter);
}
//# 判斷是否查詢到商品
string xpath = "http://div[@class=\"specialty-header search\"]/div[@class=\"specialty-description\"]/div[@class=\"gt-450\"]/span[2] ";
if (this.checkIsExists(By.XPath(xpath)))
{
int count = int.Parse(this.driver.FindElement(By.XPath(xpath)).Text);
if (count < 1)
{
Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
LogHelper.put("沒有查詢到item id =" + item_id + "對應的信息");
continue;
}
}
else
{
Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
LogHelper.put("沒有查詢到item id2 =" + item_id + "對應的信息");
continue;
}
//# 判斷當前庫存是否有貨
string xpath1 = "http://div[@class=\"product-list\"]/div[@class=\"product\"]/div[@class=\"price-and-detail\"]/div[@class=\"price\"]/span[@class=\"noStock\"]";
if (this.checkIsExists(By.XPath(xpath1)))
{
string txt = this.driver.FindElement(By.XPath(xpath1)).Text;
if (txt == this.no_stock)
{
//# 當前無貨
Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
LogHelper.put("查詢一次" + item_id + ",無貨");
continue;
}
}
//# 鏈接path1
string xpath2 = "http://div[@class=\"product-list\"]/div[@class=\"product\"]/div[@class=\"imgDiv\"]/a";
//# 判斷是否加載完畢
//# this.waiting((By.CLASS_NAME, "imgDiv"))
if (this.checkIsExists(By.XPath(xpath2)))
{
this.driver.FindElement(By.XPath(xpath2)).Click();
Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
//# 加入購物車
if (this.checkIsExists(By.ClassName("add-to-cart")))
{
this.driver.FindElement(By.ClassName("add-to-cart")).Click();
LogHelper.put("加入購物車成功,商品item-id:" + item_id);
break;
}
else
{
LogHelper.put("未找到加入購物車按鈕");
}
}
else
{
LogHelper.put("沒有查詢到,可能是商品編碼不對,或者已下架");
}
Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
LogHelper.put(e);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 判斷是否存在
/// </summary>
/// <param name="by"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private bool checkIsExists(By by)
{
try
{
int i = 0;
while (this.running && i < 3)
{
if (this.driver.FindElements(by).Count > 0)
{
break;
}
else
{
Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
i = i + 1;
}
}
return this.driver.FindElements(by).Count > 0;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
LogHelper.put(e);
return false;
}
}
}
}
關于日志幫助類,代碼如下:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using log4net;
[assembly: log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator(Watch = true)]
namespace AiSmoking.Core
{
/// <summary>
/// 日志幫助類
/// </summary>
public static class LogHelper
{
/// <summary>
/// 日志實例
/// </summary>
private static ILog logInstance = LogManager.GetLogger("smoking");
private static Queue<string> queue = new Queue<string>(2000);
public static void put(string msg)
{
queue.Enqueue(msg);
WriteLog(msg, LogLevel.Info);
}
public static void put(Exception ex)
{
WriteLog(ex.StackTrace, LogLevel.Error);
}
public static string get()
{
if (queue.Count > 0)
{
return queue.Dequeue();
}
else
{
return string.Empty;
}
}
public static void WriteLog(string message, LogLevel level)
{
switch (level)
{
case LogLevel.Debug:
logInstance.Debug(message);
break;
case LogLevel.Error:
logInstance.Error(message);
break;
case LogLevel.Fatal:
logInstance.Fatal(message);
break;
case LogLevel.Info:
logInstance.Info(message);
break;
case LogLevel.Warn:
logInstance.Warn(message);
break;
default:
logInstance.Info(message);
break;
}
}
}
public enum LogLevel
{
Debug = 0,
Error = 1,
Fatal = 2,
Info = 3,
Warn = 4
}
}
作者:Alan.hsiang
出處:http://www.cnblogs.com/hsiang/
以上就是C# 利用Selenium實現(xiàn)瀏覽器自動化操作的示例代碼的詳細內(nèi)容,更多關于c# 實現(xiàn)瀏覽器自動化操作的資料請關注腳本之家其它相關文章!
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