淺談Java HttpURLConnection請求方式

更新時間：2020年08月24日 14:21:25 作者：ouyangjun__

這篇文章主要介紹了淺談Java HttpURLConnection請求方式，具有很好的參考價值，希望對大家有所幫助。一起跟隨小編過來看看吧

一）URL代理請求

該方式請求有兩種代理方式。

方式一：使用該方式代理之后，之后的所有接口都會使用代理請求

// 對http開啟全局代理
System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", "192.168.1.1");
System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", "80");
 
// 對https開啟全局代理
System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", "192.168.1.1");
System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", "80");

方式二：適用于只有部分接口需要代理請求場景

Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress("192.168.1.1", 80));
HttpURLConnection conn = null;
try {
  URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/ouyangjun");
  conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
}

二）無參數(shù)GET請求

方法解析：

HttpGetUtils.doGetNoParameters(String requestURL, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort);

requestURL：請求路徑，必填

proxyHost：代理IP，即服務(wù)器代理地址，可為null

proxyPort：代理端口，可為null

說明：一般本地測試幾乎是不會用代理的，只有服務(wù)器用代理方式請求比較多。

實現(xiàn)源碼：

package com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils; 
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.Proxy;
import java.net.Proxy.Type;
import java.net.URL;
 
/**
 * http請求工具類
 * @author ouyangjun
 */
public class HttpGetUtils {
 
  /**
   * http get請求, 不帶參數(shù)
   * @param requestURL
   * @param method
   * @return
   */
  public static String doGetNoParameters(String requestURL, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort) {
    // 記錄信息
    StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
 
    HttpURLConnection conn = null;
    try {
      URL url = new URL(requestURL);
      // 判斷是否需要代理模式請求http
      if (proxyHost != null && proxyPort != null) {
        // 如果是本機自己測試, 不需要代理請求,但發(fā)到服務(wù)器上的時候需要代理請求
        // 對http開啟全局代理
        //System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", proxyHost);
        //System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", proxyPort);
        // 對https開啟全局代理
        //System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", proxyHost);
        //System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", proxyPort);
  
        // 代理訪問http請求
        Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyPort));
        conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
      } else {
        // 原生訪問http請求，未代理請求
        conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
      }
  
      // 設(shè)置請求的屬性
      conn.setDoOutput(true); // 是否可以輸出
      conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); // 請求方式, 只包含"GET", "POST", "HEAD", "OPTIONS", "PUT", "DELETE", "TRACE"六種
      conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高超時時間
      conn.setReadTimeout(60000); // 最高讀取時間
      conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高連接時間
  
      // 讀取數(shù)據(jù)
      InputStream is = null;
      InputStreamReader inputReader = null;
      BufferedReader reader = null;
      try {
        is = conn.getInputStream();
        inputReader = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8");
        reader = new BufferedReader(inputReader);
  
        String temp;
        while ((temp = reader.readLine()) != null) {
          buffer.append(temp);
        }
      } catch (Exception e) {
        System.out.println("HttpGetUtils doGetNoParameters error: " + e);
      } finally {
        try {
          if (reader != null) {
            reader.close();
          }
          if (inputReader != null) {
            inputReader.close();
          }
          if (is != null) {
            is.close();
          }
        } catch (IOException e) {
          System.out.println("HttpGetUtils doGetNoParameters error: " + e);
        }
      }
    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
      // 當(dāng)http連接空閑時, 釋放資源
      if (conn != null) {
        conn.disconnect();
      }
    }
    // 返回信息
    return buffer.length()==0 ? "" : buffer.toString();
  }
}

三）帶參數(shù)POST請求

方法解析：

HttpPostUtils.doPost(String requestURL, String params, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort);

requestURL：請求路徑，必填

params：請求參數(shù)，必填，數(shù)據(jù)格式為JSON

proxyHost：代理IP，即服務(wù)器代理地址，可為null

proxyPort：代理端口，可為null

說明：一般本地測試幾乎是不會用代理的，只有服務(wù)器用代理方式請求比較多。

實現(xiàn)源碼：

package com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils;
 
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.Proxy;
import java.net.Proxy.Type;
import java.net.URL;
 
/**
 * http請求工具類
 * @author ouyangjun
 */
public class HttpPostUtils {
 
  /**
   * http post請求, 帶參數(shù)
   * @param requestURL
   * @param params
   * @return
   */
  public static String doPost(String requestURL, String params, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort) {
    // 記錄信息
    StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
 
    HttpURLConnection conn = null;
    try {
      URL url = new URL(requestURL);
      // 判斷是否需要代理模式請求http
      if (proxyHost != null && proxyPort != null) {
        // 如果是本機自己測試, 不需要代理請求,但發(fā)到服務(wù)器上的時候需要代理請求
        // 對http開啟全局代理
        //System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", proxyHost);
        //System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", proxyPort);
        // 對https開啟全局代理
        //System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", proxyHost);
        //System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", proxyPort);
  
        // 代理訪問http請求
        Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyPort));
        conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
      } else {
        // 原生訪問http請求，未代理請求
        conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
      }
  
      // 設(shè)置請求的屬性
      conn.setDoOutput(true); // 是否可以輸出
      conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 請求方式, 只包含"GET", "POST", "HEAD", "OPTIONS", "PUT", "DELETE", "TRACE"六種
      conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高超時時間
      conn.setReadTimeout(60000); // 最高讀取時間
      conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高連接時間
  
      conn.setDoInput(true); // 是否可以輸入
      if (params != null) {
        // 設(shè)置參數(shù)為json格式
        conn.setRequestProperty("Content-type", "application/json");
  
        // 寫入?yún)?shù)信息
        OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();
        try {
          os.write(params.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        } catch (Exception e) {
          System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
        } finally {
          try {
            if (os != null) {
              os.close();
            }
          } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
          }
        }
      }
  
      // 讀取數(shù)據(jù)
      InputStream is = null;
      InputStreamReader inputReader = null;
      BufferedReader reader = null;
      try {
        is = conn.getInputStream();
        inputReader = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8");
        reader = new BufferedReader(inputReader);
  
        String temp;
        while ((temp = reader.readLine()) != null) {
          buffer.append(temp);
        }
      } catch (Exception e) {
        System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
      } finally {
        try {
          if (reader != null) {
            reader.close();
          }
          if (inputReader != null) {
            inputReader.close();
          }
          if (is != null) {
            is.close();
          }
        } catch (IOException e) {
          System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
        }
      }
    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
      // 當(dāng)http連接空閑時, 釋放資源
      if (conn != null) {
        conn.disconnect();
      }
    }
    // 返回信息
    return buffer.length()==0 ? "" : buffer.toString();
  }
}

四）Http模擬測試

本案例是使用了微信公眾號兩個接口作為了測試案例。

appID和appsecret需要申請了微信公眾號才能獲取到。

package com.ouyangjun.wechat.test; 
import com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils.HttpGetUtils;
import com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils.HttpPostUtils;
 
public class TestHttp {
 
  private final static String WECHAT_APPID=""; // appid, 需申請微信公眾號才能拿到
  private final static String WECHAT_APPSECRET=""; // appsecret, 需申請微信公眾號才能拿到
 
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // 獲取微信公眾號token
    getWeChatToken();
 
    // 修改用戶備注信息
    String token = "31_1uw5em_HrgkfXok6drZkDZLKsBfbNJr9WTdzdkc_Tdat-9tpOezWsNI6tBMkyPe_zDHjErIS1r0dgnTpT5bfKXcASShJVhPqumivRP21PvQe3Cbfztgs1IL2Jpy7kw3Y09bC1urlWzDA52mtEDGcADAVUX";
    String openid = "oCh4n0-6JKQpJgBOPA5tytoYb0VY";
    updateUserRemark(token, openid);
  }
 
  /**
   * 根據(jù)appid和appsecret獲取微信token，返回json格式數(shù)據(jù)，需自行解析
   * @return
   */
  public static String getWeChatToken() {
    String requestURL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="+WECHAT_APPID+"&secret="+WECHAT_APPSECRET;
 
    String token = HttpGetUtils.doGetNoParameters(requestURL, null, null);
    System.out.println("wechat token: " + token);
    return token;
  }
 
  /**
   * 修改用戶備注，返回json格式數(shù)據(jù)，需自行解析
   * @param token
   * @param openid
   * @return
   */
  public static String updateUserRemark(String token, String openid) {
    String reuqestURL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info/updateremark?access_token="+token;
    // 封裝json參數(shù)
    String jsonParams = "{\"openid\":\""+openid+"\",\"remark\":\"oysept\"}";
 
    String msg = HttpPostUtils.doPost(reuqestURL, jsonParams, null, null);
    System.out.println("msg: " + msg);
    return jsonParams;
  }
}

補充知識：Java HttpURLConnection post set params 設(shè)置請求參數(shù)的三種方法實踐總結(jié)

我就廢話不多說了，大家還是直接看代碼吧~

      /**
       * the first way to set params
       * OutputStream
       */

      byte[] bytesParams = paramsStr.getBytes();
      // 發(fā)送請求params參數(shù)
      OutputStream outStream=connection.getOutputStream();
      outStream.write(bytesParams);
      outStream.flush();

      /**
       * the second way to set params
       * PrintWriter
       */

       PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(connection.getOutputStream());
      //PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream(),"UTF-8"));
      // 發(fā)送請求params參數(shù)
      printWriter.write(paramsStr);
      printWriter.flush();

      /**
       * the third way to set params
       * OutputStreamWriter
       */
      OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(
          connection.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
      // 發(fā)送請求params參數(shù)
      out.write(paramsStr);
      out.flush();

demo：

 /**
   * @param pathurl
   * @param paramsStr
   * @return
   */
  private static String postUrlBackStr(String pathurl, String paramsStr) {
    String backStr = "";
    InputStream inputStream = null;
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
    try {
      URL url = new URL(pathurl);
      HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
      // 設(shè)定請求的方法為"POST"，默認是GET
      connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
      connection.setConnectTimeout(50000);
      connection.setReadTimeout(50000);
     // User-Agent IE11 的標(biāo)識
      connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.3; Trident/7.0;rv:11.0)like Gecko");
      connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN");
      connection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
      connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
      /**
       * 當(dāng)我們要獲取我們請求的http地址訪問的數(shù)據(jù)時就是使用connection.getInputStream().read()方式時我們就需要setDoInput(true)，
       根據(jù)api文檔我們可知doInput默認就是為true。我們可以不用手動設(shè)置了，如果不需要讀取輸入流的話那就setDoInput(false)。

       當(dāng)我們要采用非get請求給一個http網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址傳參 就是使用connection.getOutputStream().write() 方法時我們就需要setDoOutput(true), 默認是false
       */
      // 設(shè)置是否從httpUrlConnection讀入，默認情況下是true;
      connection.setDoInput(true);
      // 設(shè)置是否向httpUrlConnection輸出，如果是post請求，參數(shù)要放在http正文內(nèi)，因此需要設(shè)為true, 默認是false;
      connection.setDoOutput(true);
      connection.setUseCaches(false);

      /**
       * the first way to set params
       * OutputStream
       */
     /*  byte[] bytesParams = paramsStr.getBytes();
      // 發(fā)送請求params參數(shù)
      OutputStream outStream=connection.getOutputStream();
      outStream.write(bytesParams);
      outStream.flush();
      */

      /**
       * the second way to set params
       * PrintWriter
       */
      /* PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(connection.getOutputStream());
      //PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream(),"UTF-8"));
      // 發(fā)送請求params參數(shù)
      printWriter.write(paramsStr);
      printWriter.flush();*/

      /**
       * the third way to set params
       * OutputStreamWriter
       */
      OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(
          connection.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
      // 發(fā)送請求params參數(shù)
      out.write(paramsStr);
      out.flush();


      connection.connect();//
      int contentLength = connection.getContentLength();
      if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {
        inputStream = connection.getInputStream();//會隱式調(diào)用connect()
        baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int readLen;
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        while ((readLen = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
          baos.write(bytes, 0, readLen);
        }
        backStr = baos.toString();
        Log.i(TAG, "backStr:" + backStr);

      } else {
        Log.e(TAG, "請求失敗 code:" + connection.getResponseCode());
      }

    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
      try {
        if (baos != null) {
          baos.close();
        }
        if (inputStream != null) {
          inputStream.close();
        }
      } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }
    return backStr;
  }

以上這篇淺談Java HttpURLConnection請求方式就是小編分享給大家的全部內(nèi)容了，希望能給大家一個參考，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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