BaseException # 所有異常的基類
 +-- SystemExit # 解釋器請(qǐng)求退出
 +-- KeyboardInterrupt  用戶中斷執(zhí)行(通常是輸入^C)
 +-- GeneratorExit # 生成器(generator)發(fā)生異常來(lái)通知退出
 +-- Exception # 常規(guī)異常的基類
  +-- StopIteration # 迭代器沒(méi)有更多的值
  +-- StandardError # 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)錯(cuò)誤
  | +-- BufferError
  | +-- ArithmeticError
  | | +-- FloatingPointError
  | | +-- OverflowError
  | | +-- ZeroDivisionError
  | +-- AssertionError
  | +-- AttributeError
  | +-- EnvironmentError
  | | +-- IOError
  | | +-- OSError
  | |   +-- WindowsError (Windows)
  | |   +-- VMSError (VMS)
  | +-- EOFError
  | +-- ImportError
  | +-- LookupError
  | | +-- IndexError
  | | +-- KeyError
  | +-- MemoryError
  | +-- NameError
  | | +-- UnboundLocalError
  | +-- ReferenceError
  | +-- RuntimeError
  | | +-- NotImplementedError
  | +-- SyntaxError
  | | +-- IndentationError
  | |   +-- TabError
  | +-- SystemError
  | +-- TypeError
  | +-- ValueError
  |   +-- UnicodeError
  |    +-- UnicodeDecodeError
  |    +-- UnicodeEncodeError
  |    +-- UnicodeTranslateError
  +-- Warning
   +-- DeprecationWarning
   +-- PendingDeprecationWarning
   +-- RuntimeWarning
   +-- SyntaxWarning
   +-- UserWarning
   +-- FutureWarnin
   +-- ImportWarnin
   +-- UnicodeWarnin
   +-- BytesWarning

#自定義異常 需要繼承Exception
class MyException(Exception):

 def __init__(self, *args):
  self.args = args

if __name__ == '__main__':
 try:
  raise MyException("自定義異常")
 except MyException as e:
  print e

# 示例
str1 = 'abc'
try:
 int(str1)
except IndexError as e:
 print e
except KeyError as e:
 print e
except ValueError as e:
 print e
else:
 print 'try內(nèi)正常處理'
finally:
 print '無(wú)論異常與否,都會(huì)執(zhí)行我'

# raise xxx
def test_zero(num):
 try:
  if num == 0:
   raise ValueError('參數(shù)錯(cuò)誤')
  return num
 except Exception as e:
  print e

test_zero(0)

#示例
def div(num1, num2):
 try:
  result = num1/num2
  return result
 except Exception as e:
  traceback.print_exc()

print div(1, 0)

#執(zhí)行結(jié)果
Traceback (most recent call last):
None
 File "F:/Technology-20161005/python/python_project/demo/exceptiondemo/exceptiondemo.py", line 17, in div
 result = num1/num2
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

# 可以將異常信息寫到文件中
traceback.print_exc(file=open('1.txt','w+'))