Unity實(shí)現(xiàn)游戲存檔框架

更新時(shí)間：2020年01月19日 10:14:42 作者：hackerzhuli

這篇文章主要為大家詳細(xì)介紹了Unity實(shí)現(xiàn)游戲存檔框架，文中示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，具有一定的參考價(jià)值，感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考一下

最近重構(gòu)了一下我的存檔框架。我在這里對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)方法進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的解析。注意這里主要演示算法，所以，效率上并不是最佳。一個(gè)游戲中，可能有成百上千個(gè)物體需要存儲(chǔ)，而且有幾十種類型，接下來就用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子來解釋。一個(gè)很簡(jiǎn)單的例子，有一個(gè)Unit（單位）類型，有一個(gè)Inventory（背包）類型，有一個(gè)Item（道具）類型。

接下來先介紹框架中最重要的接口，ISavable，表示這個(gè)類型可以存檔

public interface ISavable{
 uint Id {get; set;}
 Type DataType {get;} // 存檔數(shù)據(jù)類型
 Type DataContainerType {get;} // 存檔數(shù)據(jù)容器類型
 void Read(object data);
 void Write(object data);
}

ISavableContainer，用來返回一組ISavable的容器：

public interface ISavableContainer{
  IEnumerable<ISavable> Savables;
}

IId, 具有Id的接口：

public interface IId
{
  uint Id {get; set;}
}

SaveEntity, 這是一個(gè)MonoBehaviour，將這個(gè)組件放到需要存檔的GameObject上就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)該GameObject的存檔了，這是最核心的類之一：

public class SaveEntity : MonoBehaviour{
  public void Save(SaveDataContainer container){
    foreach(ISavable savable in GetSavables()){
      if(savable.DataContainerType = container.GetType()){
        IId newData = Activator.CreateInstance(savable.DataType) as IId;
        newData.Id = savable.Id;
        savable.Write(newData);
        container.SetData(newData);
      }
    }
  }
 
  public void Load(SaveDataContainer container){
    foreach(ISavable savable in GetSavables()){
      if(savable.DataContainerType = container.GetType()){
        IId data = container.GetData(savable.Id);
        savable.Read(data);
      }
    }    
  }
 
  public IEnumerable<ISavable> GetSavables(){
    foreach(ISavable savable in GetComponents<ISavable>()){
      yield return savable;
    }
    foreach(ISavable savableContainer in GetComponents<ISavableContainer>()){
      foreach(ISavable savable in savableContainer.Savables){
        yield return savable;
      }
    }
  }
}

SaveFile代表一個(gè)文件

[Serializable]
public class SaveFileData{
  public uint CurId;
  public string DataContainer;
}
 
// 代表一個(gè)存檔文件
public class SaveFile: MonoBehaviour{
  // 包含實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)據(jù)類
  private SaveDataContainer _saveDataContainer;
  private uint _curId;
 
  public string Path{get;set;}
  public SaveDataContainer SaveDataContainer{get{return _saveDataContainer;}}
 
  private uint NextId{get{return ++_curId;}}
 
  // 得到場(chǎng)景里所有的SaveEntity
  private IEnumerable<SaveEntity> GetEntities(){
    // 實(shí)現(xiàn)略過
  }
  
  // 將場(chǎng)景物體中的數(shù)據(jù)存入到_saveDataContainer中
  public void Save<T>() where T:SaveDataContainer, new()
  {
    // 一輪Id賦值，保證Id為0的所有ISavable都賦值一個(gè)新Id
    foreach(SaveEntity entity in Entities){
      foreach (Savable savable in entity.GetSavables()){
        if(savable.DataContainerType == typeof(T)){
          if(savable.Id == 0){
            savable.Id = NextId;
          }
        }
      }
    }
 
    T dataContainer = new T();
 
    foreach(SaveEntity entity in Entities){
      entity.Save(this, dataContainer);
    }
 
    _saveDataContainer = dataContainer;
  }
 
  // 將_saveDataContainer中的數(shù)據(jù)載入到場(chǎng)景物體中
  public void Load(){
    foreach(SaveEntity entity in Entities){
      entity.Load(this, _saveDataContainer);
    }
  }
 
  public void LoadFromFile<T>() where T:SaveDataContainer
  {
    string json = File.ReadAllText(Path);
    SaveFileData data = JsonUtility.FromJson<SaveFileData>(json);
    _saveDataContainer = JsonUtility.FromJson<T>(data.DataContainer);
    _curId = data.CurId;
  }
 
  public void SaveToFile(){
    SaveFileData data = new SaveFileData();
    data.CurId = _curId;
    data.DataContainer = JsonUtility.ToJson(_saveDataContainer);
    string json = JsonUtility.ToJson(data);
    File.WriteAllText(Path, json);
  }
}

SaveDataContainer：

// 這個(gè)類型存儲(chǔ)了實(shí)際的數(shù)據(jù)，相當(dāng)于是一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
[Serializable]
public class SaveDataContainer{
  // 這個(gè)中存儲(chǔ)這實(shí)際物體的數(shù)據(jù)，需要將這個(gè)字典轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)組并序列化
  private Dictionary<uint, IId> _data;
 
  public Dictionary<unit, IId> Data{get{return _data}}
 
  public IId GetData(uint id){
    return _data[id];
  }
 
  public void SetData(IId data){
    _data[data.Id] = data;
  }
}

好了，框架就講到這里，接下來實(shí)現(xiàn)示例代碼：

Unit:

[Serializable]
public class UnitSave:IId{
  [SerializeField]
  private uint _id;
  public uint PrefabId;
  public uint InventoryId;
  public int Hp;
  public int Level;
  public uint Id {get{return _id;}set{_id = value;}}
}
 
public class Unit:MonoBehaviour, ISavable{
  public int Hp;
  public int Level;
  public int PrefabId;
  public Inventory Inventory;
  
  public uint Id{get;set;}
  ISavable.DataType{get{return typeof(UnitSave);}}
  ISavable.DataContainerType{get{return typeof(ExampleSaveDataContainer);}}
  ISavable.Read(object data){
    UnitSave save = data as UnitSave;
    Hp = save.Hp;
    Level = save.Level;
  }
 
  ISavable.Write(object data){
    UnitSave save = data as UnitSave;
    save.Hp = Hp;
    save.Level = Level;
    save.InventoryId = Inventory.Id;
  }
}

Inventory:

[Serializable]
public class InventorySave:IId{
  [SerializeField]
  private uint _id;
  public uint UnitId;
  public uint[] Items;
  public uint Id{get{return _id;}set{_id = value;}}
}
 
public class Inventory:MonoBehaviour, ISavable, ISavableContainer{
  public Unit Unit;
  public List<Item> Items;
 
  public uint Id{get;set;}
  ISavable.DataType{get{return typeof(InventorySave);}}
  ISavable.DataContainerType{get{return typeof(ExampleSaveDataContainer));}}
  ISavable.Read(object data){
    // 空
  }
  ISavable.Write(object data){
    InventorySave save = data as InventorySave;
    save.UnitId = Unit.Id;
    save.Items = Items.Select(item => item.Id).ToArray();
  }
 
  ISavableContainer.Savables{
    return Items;
  }
}

Item:

[Serializable]
public ItemSave: IId{
  [SerializeField]
  private uint _id;
  public uint PrefabId;
  public int Count;
  public uint Id{get{return _id;}set{_id = value;}}
}
 
// 道具并不是繼承自MonoBehaviour的，是一個(gè)普通的類
public class Item:ISavable{
  // 道具源數(shù)據(jù)所在Prefab，用于重新創(chuàng)建道具
  public uint PrefabId;
  public int Count;
  public uint Id {get;set;}
 
  public uint Id{get;set;}
  ISavable.DataType{get{return typeof(ItemSave);}}
  ISavable.DataContainerType{get{return typeof(ExampleSaveDataContainer));}}
  ISavable.Read(object data){
    ItemSave save = data as ItemSave;
    Count = save.Count;
  }
  ISavable.Write(object data){
    ItemSave save = data as ItemSave;
    save.PrefabId = PrefabId;
    save.Count = Count;
  }
}

ExampleSaveDataContainer:

[Serializable]
public class ExampleSaveDataContainer: SaveDataContainer, ISerializationCallbackReceiver {
  public UnitSave[] Units;
  public ItemSave[] Items;
  public InventorySave[] Inventories;
 
  public void OnBeforeSerialize(){
    // 將Data字典中的數(shù)據(jù)復(fù)制到數(shù)組中，實(shí)現(xiàn)略過
  }
 
  public void OnAfterDeserialize(){
    // 將數(shù)組中的數(shù)據(jù)賦值到Data字典中，實(shí)現(xiàn)略過
  }
}

ExampleGame:

public class ExampleGame:MonoBehaviour{
 
  public void LoadGame(SaveFile file){
    // 從文件中讀入數(shù)據(jù)到SaveDataContainer
    file.LoadFromFile<ExampleSaveDataContainer>();
    SaveDataContainer dataContainer = file.SaveDataContainer;
 
    // 創(chuàng)建所有物體并賦值相應(yīng)Id
    Unit[] units = dataContainer.Units.Select(u=>CreateUnit(u));
    Item[] items = dataContainer.Items.Select(item=>CreateItem(item));
 
    // 將道具放入相應(yīng)的道具欄中
    foreach(Unit unit in units){
      uint inventoryId = unit.Inventory.Id;
      InventorySave inventorySave = dataContainer.GetData(inventoryId);
      foreach(Item item in items.Where(i=>inventorySave.Items.Contains(i.Id))){
        unit.Inventory.Put(item);
      }
    }
 
    // 調(diào)用Load進(jìn)行實(shí)際的數(shù)據(jù)載入
    file.Load();
  }
 
  public void SaveGame(SaveFile file){
    // 相對(duì)來說，存檔的實(shí)現(xiàn)比載入簡(jiǎn)單了許多
    file.Save<ExampleSaveDataContainer>();
    file.SaveToFile();
  }
 
  public Unit CreateUnit(UnitSave save){
    Unit unit = Instantiate(GetPrefab(save.PrefabId)).GetComponent<Unit>();
    unit.Id = save.Id;
    unit.Inventory.Id = save.InventoryId;
    return unit;
  }
 
  public Item CreateItem(ItemSave save){
    Item item = GetPrefab(save.PrefabId).GetComponent<ItemPrefab>().CreateItem();
    item.Id = save.Id;
    return item;
  }
}

使用方法：

給單位Prefab中的Unit組件和Inventory組件所在的GameObject上放SaveEntity組件即可。

思考問題：

1.擴(kuò)展功能，讓SaveFile包含一個(gè)SaveDataContainer數(shù)組，這樣子可以實(shí)現(xiàn)包含多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)容器（數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)）的情況
2.對(duì)SaveFile存儲(chǔ)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行壓縮，減少存儲(chǔ)體積
3.SaveFile存儲(chǔ)到文件時(shí)進(jìn)行加密，避免玩家修改存檔
4.如何避免存儲(chǔ)時(shí)候卡頓

存儲(chǔ)過程：

1.從場(chǎng)景中搜集數(shù)據(jù)到SaveFile中（SaveFile.Save），得到一個(gè)SaveFileData的數(shù)據(jù)
2.將SaveFileData序列化成一個(gè)json字符串
3.對(duì)字符串進(jìn)行壓縮
4.對(duì)壓縮后的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行加密
5.將加密后的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)于文件

可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，只要完成第1步，得到一個(gè)SaveFileData，實(shí)際上就已經(jīng)完成了存檔了，接下來實(shí)際上就是一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換的過程。所以，這也給出了避免游戲卡頓的一種方法：

完成第一步之后，將后面的步驟全部都放到另一個(gè)線程里面處理。實(shí)際上，第一步的速度是相當(dāng)快的。往往不會(huì)超過50ms，可以說，卡頓并不會(huì)很明顯。

以上就是本文的全部?jī)?nèi)容，希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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